Karls Eroberungszüge (Karlmeinet, Teil 3 – 1320/40)
|
|
Chansons de Geste
Karls Eroberungszüge (Karlmeinet, Teil 3 – 1320/40)
von Keller, A. (ed.): Karl Meinet. (=StLV 45) Stuttgart 1858. Reprint 1971.
KM3-1:
293, 41: Karl is a just king (rex iustus); he judges in accordance with the law. He came to the throne at the age of 26.
Motif References:
P 12 Character of kings
KM3-2:
293, 65: Karl invites his princes to court in Paris and has council with them: he wants to visit his German domains and the high lords there. He wants to submit those countries to his rule.
Motif References:
P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
KM3-3:
294, 30: Karl travels to Ingelheim and summons the lords and towns to court to do homage, swear oaths of allegiance and receive their fiefs.
Motif References:
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
KM3-4:
294, 61: Karl also sends messengers to the heathen duke of Saxony, Witgin, who also rules Brunswick and Westphalia: he invites him to court to receive his land as fief from Karl. Witgin reads the letter and refuses – if the messengers were not inviolable, he would kill them. He wants to own his country. The messengers return to Ingelheim. Karl is furious.
Motif References:
P 50.0.2 (Bm) Knight who acknowledges no overlord [Allegiance: loyalty and disloyalty of vassals]
KM3-5:
295, 35: The princes come to court. A feast takes place. Jugglers and musicians entertain the guests. Knights and pages with staves walk in front of the lord high steward. Karl gives presents (drinking-cups, horses, garments) to his liegemen.
Motif References:
W 11.2 Munificent monarch
P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
P 428 Musician
P 483 Juggler (conjurer)
P 634 Feasts
KM3-6:
296, 68: After the meal, Karl sits down in an elevated position and entrusts his liegemen with their allods. Also the towns pay their honor to him. Karl tells his lords about Witgin’s refusal to come to court and accept him as his seigneur. He wants to wage war against him. The princes assure him of their support. Karl sends messengers all over the country to raise troops.
Motif References:
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
M 166 Other vows about fighting
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
KM3-7:
297, 48: Karl sends messengers all over the country to raise troops.
Motif References:
P 551 Army
KM3-8:
297, 56-305, 3: Karl wages war against the Saxons. The Saxon capital is besieged (archers defend it), but cannot be taken. The city’s lines of provisions are cut off.
Motif References:
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
V 350 Conflicts between religions
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
KM3-9:
299, 25: In the meantime, Queen Galie falls seriously ill in Paris. Before her death, the chaplain takes her confession; she communicates and receives the extreme unction. She prays for Karl and for her salvation. She dies. People mourn for her.
Motif References:
P 29 Queens – miscellaneous
V 29 Confession – miscellaneous motifs
V 39 Sacrament – miscellaneous motifs
V 50 Prayer
KM3-10:
300, 25: When Karl hears about Galie’s death, he laments her and cries; his counselors dissuade him from returning to Paris, as he is now needed in Saxony. He has to follow their advice.
Motif References:
P 19.4 Kingly powers (rights) [obligations]
T 211.9 Excessive grief at husband’s or wife’s death
KM3-11:
301, 18: Karl’s retainers send messengers to Paris, so Galie is buried properly. Bishops, dukes, counts, knights, pages and peasants mourn for her.
Motif References:
KM3-12:
301, 42: In Saxony, fighting continues. Karl succeeds in starving the capital and conquers it. Many heathens convert to Christianity to save their lives. Karl conquers other regions as well.
Motif References:
R 75 Surrendering
V 331.2 Conversion to Christianity on pain of death [by force]
KM3-13:
302, 7: Karl has to marry Hildegart, a noble Swabian, on his princes’ advice. They have three sons and daughters. (Ludwig, Pippin, Karl; Rotrude, Bergas, Gilla). The daughters are educated in a very strict way: their father refuses to let them leave.
Motif References:
P 13.4 King must marry
T 50.2 King likes his daughter so much that he does not wish to marry her to anyone
T 64 King seeks bride only because counsellors insist
KM3-14:
302, 65: As Karl continues to convert the heathens by force, Witgin revolts. The war starts again.
Motif References:
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
KM3-15:
303, 54: Single combat between Karl and Witgin. Karl fights with his sword Durendart. Witgin surrenders and is taken captive. Karl orders a knight to take care of him and continues fighting; the heathens flee from the battlefield when realizing that Witgin is captured. Many are killed.
Motif References:
R 75 Surrendering
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
R 220 Flights
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
KM3-16:
304, 37: Karl succeeds in converting Witgin (by offering the choice between death and baptism). Witgin surrenders his countries and people to Karl.
Motif References:
V 331.2 Conversion to Christianity on pain of death [by force]
KM3-17:
305, 8: Witgin and his people are baptized. Karl is Witgin’s godfather.
Motif References:
V 81 Baptism
P 296.1 Godfather
V 332 Baptism of heathen
KM3-18:
305, 20: Witgin receives his lands (Saxony, Westphalia, Brunswick) as fiefs from Karl. He swears an oath of allegiance. Karl returns to France.
Motif References:
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
M 100.0.1 (Li) Oath of allegiance
KM3-19:
305, 48: Pope Adrianus asks Karl for help, as King Desiderius of Lamparde (Lombardy) wants to usurp the pontificate. Karl urges Desiderius to return everything to the pope, promising reward; Desiderius refuses. Karl decides to wage war.
Motif References:
P 121 (Bm) Pope
V 294 The Pope
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
KM3-20:
306, 34: Karl summons his army. He gets support from England, France and the German countries; abbots, bishops, counts and dukes are present. Amis, Amelis and Saint Albyn are in the army as well. The army camp is put up in Kluse. Desiderius also sets up his army camp.
Motif References:
P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
P 551 Army
N 836 King as helper
KM3-21:
306, 61: God sends great sorrow and fear to Desiderius and his warriors, so that they flee. Desiderius retreats to the town Campine.
Motif References:
V 201 God
R 220 Flights
N 817.0.1 God as helper
F 1041.17 Extraordinary result of fear
KM3-22:
307, 13: Karl besieges Campine. The armies meet on the field of Schonebuch. Furious battle – many men die on both sides; Amis and Amelis are killed. Saint Albyn participates in battle.
Motif References:
V 229 Saints – miscellaneous
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
KM3-23:
308, 28: Desiderius flees to Papia when realizing that so many have died. Karl besieges Papia.
Motif References:
R 220 Flights
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
KM3-24:
308, 54: Karl has the corpses of Amis and Amelis embalmed. The other dead are buried.
Motif References:
V 69 Funeral rites – miscellaneous
V 69.1 All dead are buried after battle
Z 292.1 (Bm) Hero’s corpse embalmed
P 683 (Bm) Embalming
KM3-25:
308, 59: On Saint Albyn’s request, Karl donates a church to St. Eusebius on the battlefield; Queen Hildegart – who accompanied him on his campaign – also donates a church (to St Peter).
Motif References:
V 111 Churches
KM3-26:
309, 21: Karl has two precious coffins made for Amis and Amelis. Those are closed well to preserve the bodies. Amelis is buried in St. Eusebius’, Amis in St. Peter’s. God works a miracle: the corpses are found united in St. Eusebius’ church and not separated again.
Motif References:
V 201 God
E 419.6 Lovers buried apart found in one grave each morning [Friends buried apart found united the following day]
F 1099 Additional marvels
D 2120 Magic transportation
KM3-27:
309, 52: Karl donates two masses for the salvation of Amis’s and Amelis’s souls.
Motif References:
KM3-28:
309, 63: Karl takes Papia, occupies the town, takes Desiderius and his wife prisoner and sends them to France.
Motif References:
R 9 Captivity – miscellaneous
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
Q 113.0.1 High honors as reward
KM3-29:
310, 11: Karl returns to Rome and returns land, people and goods into the pope’s hands. He invests his son Pippin as king of Lamparde (Lombardy).
Motif References:
P 13.5 Crowning [and making] of kings
KM3-30:
310, 29: The pope thanks Karl for his help by conferring several rights to him: the right to designate the pope in case of vacancy of the pontificate, the right to judge in clerical matters and the right to designate bishops. Those who object shall be banned.
Motif References:
P 19.4 Kingly powers (rights) [obligations]
Q 72 Loyalty rewarded
KM3-31:
310, 67: The Saxons and peoples living beyond the river Elve start a rebellion. Karl names the country Westphalia (Westval, Westvalt). He summons an army and wages war against the Saxons. He defeats them except for the town of Mersberch, which he finally conquers after a siege.
Motif References:
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
Z 702 (Hi) Eponymous account of place name
KM3-32:
311, 62: To prevent further rebellions – as it is the country that affects people’s state of mind and renders them rebellious –, Karl sends the rebels into exile and settles them in other countries. The former rebel countries are colonized with Germans.
Motif References:
Q 325 Disobedience punished
Q 431 Punishment: banishment (exile)
P 720 Population
KM3-33:
312, 15: The pacification is also enforced by the donation of bishoprics (Hamburch with bishop Eridagus, Bremen, Halverstadt, Padelborne, Moenster); the conversion of the heathens has taken 25 years.
Motif References:
V 110 Religious buildings [and institutions]
KM3-34:
313, 1–315, 49: Duke Tessalon of Beyeren (Bavaria), married to the daughter of the imprisoned king of Lamparde (Lombardy), Desiderius, asks the Huns for help to liberate his father-in-law. They attack France. At Karl’s return from Saxony, Tessalon and the Huns flee back to their countries. Karl follows them and ravages Bavaria.
Motif References:
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
KM3-35:
314, 4: Karl sends Tessalon and his followers into a monastery.
Motif References:
P 56 (Bm) Knight [noble] becomes hermit
Q 431 Punishment: banishment (exile)
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
KM3-36:
314, 13: Karl besieges the Huns’ impregnable country which is surrounded by water in order to starve them out.
Motif References:
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
KM3-37:
314, 39: In the meantime, queen Hildegart, who led a saintly life, dies. She is mourned.
Motif References:
P 29 Queens – miscellaneous
KM3-38:
315, 31: Karl still fights in the Huns’ country. After five years, the Huns surrender.
Motif References:
R 75 Surrendering
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
KM3-39:
315, 53: Karl finds Huns’ great treasury, which was collected by king Etzelin and his descendants.
Motif References:
N 630 Accidental acquisition of treasure or money
KM3-40:
315,62: Extension of the country of the Huns: from the river Entze to the Bulgerwalt, from the Entze to the Hungarian Gate. Those days, the Huns’ country is called Austria and ruled by the Hungarians.
Motif References:
KM3-41:
316, 14: Karl returns to France and distributes most of the treasure among his followers, the poor and monasteries.
Motif References:
W 11.2 Munificent monarch
KM3-42:
316, 30: Karl conquers all countries on this side of the sea, but also Scotland and Ireland.
Motif References:
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
KM3-43:
316, 45: Karl has to marry again on his counselors’ advice; they choose a very noble woman, Vasterait. They have two daughters. Karl also has many concubines with whom he has children.
Motif References:
P 13.4 King must marry
T 64 King seeks bride only because counsellors insist
T 450 Prostitution and concubinage
KM3-44:
317,8: Karl is obsessed with one of his wives; this is detrimental to the country. He has her embalmed after her death and still has intercourse with her and takes the corpse with him wherever he goes. His suspicious chamberlain searches her body and finds a magic love-producing ring plaited into her hair; he removes it. Karl now realizes that the corpse is putrid and has it carried away. Instead, he falls in love with the chamberlain, who throws the ring into the moors below the castle of Aachen (built by Granus). As a result, Karl falls in love with this place (318,37-320,15).
Motif References:
T 85.4.1 Ring of Fastrada
P 110 Royal ministers
T 211.4.1 Wife’s corpse kept after death
T 463 Homosexual love (male)
T 466 Necrophilism: sexual intercourse with dead human body
P 683 (Bm) Embalming
Z 703 (Bm) Eponymous account of city’s founding
D 765.1.1.1 Disenchantment by removing ring from under dead girl’s tongue [from dead woman’s hair]
E 800 The Corpse
F 825 Extraordinary ring
D 1076 Magic ring
D 1355.4 Ring produces love
D 1900 Love induced by magic
KM3-45:
319, 15: Karl has the swamps at Aachen drained and donates a church to the Virgin Mary. Many workers are engaged and well paid. Pillars are brought from Rome and Ravenna.
Motif References:
V 111 Churches
KM3-46:
320, 2: Karl populates the town: he attracts people to settle down with promises of inheritable freedom.
Motif References:
P 720 Population
KM3-47:
320,18: Karl has residences in Ingelheim and Numegen built, as well as two bridges over the Rhine, one in Mainz.
Motif References:
P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
KM3-48:
320, 26: Karl confesses all his sins to the abbot St. Egidius, except for one. He begs Egidius to pray for forgiveness of this unspeakable sin. During a mass, God sends an angel to Egidius who reveals the nature of Karl’s sin to him and tells him, that God has forgiven it – which is (according to the author) supposedly the intercourse with the corpse of his wife. Egidius tells Karl that he knows about the sin, Karl confesses and is redeemed.
Motif References:
V 21 Confession brings forgiveness of sin
P 120 Church dignitaries
A 165.2.3 Angels as God’s messengers
A 182.3 God (angel) speaks to mortal
Z 200 Heroes
V 201 God
V 229 Saints – miscellaneous
U 230 The nature of sin
V 235 Mortal visited by angel
KM3-49:
321, 45: Karl is a very pious and charitable king.
Motif References:
P 12 Character of kings
KM3-50:
322, 6: After the death of pope Adrianus, Leo is elected. He is at good terms with Karl.
Motif References:
P 121 (Bm) Pope
V 294 The Pope
KM3-51:
322, 12: A new emperor comes to the throne of Constantinople. As it is the custom, a picture is made of him and sent to Rome, so that the senators may pay their honors to it.
Motif References:
P 13 Customs connected with kings
KM3-52:
322, 37: In the year 480 of the existence of the Roman empire, the Romans revolt and want to usurp the empire. As the pope tries to intermediate, he is treated in a hostile way. He sends the keys of the altar holding the graves of St. Peter and Paul and the holy banner to Karl. During a procession, the Romans attack Pope Leo, put out his eyes and cut off his tongue. The duke of Spolit saves the pope.
Motif References:
P 121 (Bm) Pope
S 163 Mutilation: cutting (tearing) out tongue
S 165 Mutilation: putting out eyes [blinding]
V 294 The Pope
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
KM3-53:
323, 18: A miracle occurs the pope has his eyes and tongue restored. Only the scars are visible like a silk thread.
Motif References:
F 952 Blindness miraculously cured
F 954 Dumb person brought to speak [cut-out tongue miraculously restored]
D 2161.3.1.1 Eyes torn out magically replaced
D 2161.3.6.1 Magic restoration of cut-out tongue
KM3-54:
323, 28: Karl invites Leo to Padelborne until he is completely cured and intermits in the conflict between the pope and the Romans.
Motif References:
P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
KM3-55:
323, 54: Queen Vasterait gets ill and dies; she is buried in St. Alban in Mentz. Many nobles come to her burial. Karl mourns for her.
Motif References:
P 29 Queens – miscellaneous
KM3-56:
324, 4: Pope Leo invites Karl to Rome as protector.
Motif References:
P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
KM3-57:
324, 51: In the year 801, at the age of 58, Karl is elected and crowned emperor of the Roman empire: during a mass, the pope crowns and blesses Karl. Senators pay their honor to him.
Motif References:
P 11 Choice of kings
P 13.5 Crowning [and making] of kings
KM3-58:
325, 33: Karl reforms the jurisdiction: he makes 23 laws which are executed by incorruptible knights.
Motif References:
P 14 Particular practices of kings
P 548 Miscellaneous legal customs [problems]
KM3-59:
325, 57: Karl convenes a law court to judge the persons who blinded the pope. As they defend themselves by accusing the pope of heresy, Leo puts his stole around his neck and swears an oath of innocence on the bible.
Motif References:
M 150 Other vows and oaths
P 510 Law courts
K 2129 Slanders – miscellaneous
KM3-60:
326, 35: Karl’s judgment: the wrongdoers shall be killed and expropriated; on the pope’s request, the judgment is changed to banishment.
Motif References:
Q 227 Punishment for opposition to holy person
Q 431 Punishment: banishment (exile)
KM3-61:
326, 55: Karl sends out priests to describe the lives and deaths of the martyrs (300 Christians were killed each day by the heathens); he begs the pope to pray for them.
Motif References:
V 463 Religious martyrdom
KM3-62:
327, 26: Karl marries for the last time; his last wife’s name is Luckart.
Motif References:
KM3-63:
327, 48: Constantin, emperor of the Byzantine empire, envies Karl’s power and wants to wage war against him. Karl pacifies him with presents.
Motif References:
J 610 Forethought in conflict with others – general
KM3-64:
328, 10: Heathens conquer Jerusalem and the Holy Grave and drive away the patriarchs who flee to Constantin. God’s messenger visits him during his sleep and advises him to beg Karl for help. Behind the angel, Constantin has a vision of Karl in full armor.
Motif References:
V 110 Religious buildings [and institutions]
A 165.2.3 Angels as God’s messengers
A 182.3 God (angel) speaks to mortal
V 235 Mortal visited by angel
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
V 514 Non-religious visions
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
KM3-65:
328, 64: Constantin sends messengers with letters to Karl; Karl has the letter read to the people by bishop Turpin. He mobilizes an army for crusade.
Motif References:
KM3-66:
329, 64: When Karl’s army gets lost in the woods, where lions, leopards, dragons and bears live, he prays for protection and for help in finding the right way again. His prayer is answered by a little speaking bird. When he wants to touch it, it flies away, leads them out of the woods and disappears.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
V 59 Prayers answered – miscellaneous
B 151.2 Bird determines road to be taken
B 211.3 Speaking bird
B 469 Helpful birds – miscellaneous
KM3-67:
330, 59: They travel to Constantinople, where they meet Constantin’s army. A battle begins; many die on both sides. Olivier, Rolant, Turpin and Karl participate in battle. The heathens are all killed. Karl has the fortress repaired and reinstalls the patriarchs. He refuses presents offered by Emperor Constantin, as he has fought in God’s service.
Motif References:
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
V 350 Conflicts between religions
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
KM3-68:
332, 41: So Constantin offers him sacred relics, which Karl accepts after three days’ fasting.
Motif References:
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
V 140 Sacred Relics
V 462.2 Ascetic fasting
KM3-69:
332, 63: Twelve priests attend the ceremony. When archbishop Daniel of Naples opens the shrine enclosing the crown of thorns and the relics, the shrine emanates a heavenly odor. On Karl’s prayer for proof of authenticity of the relics, God sends a dew from heaven which makes the crown of thorns blossom. Odor and light accompany this miracle.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
V 59 Prayers answered – miscellaneous
Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
Q 72 Loyalty rewarded
V 140.4.1 (Bm) Testing authenticity of relics: heavenly light [and dew] acknowledge(s) truth of relics
V 140 Sacred relics
Q 149 Miraculous or magic reward – miscellaneous
D 902.2 Magic dew
F 962.7 Extraordinary dew
F 969.3 Marvelous light
F 971 Miraculous blossoming and bearing of fruit
F 1099 Additional marvels
KM3-70:
333, 35: Bishop Daniel divides the crown of thorns with a pair of scissors. Karl catches the blossoms with his coat and fills his right glove with the blossoms; the glove remains floating in the air when he wants to hand it on to the archbishop Embroynus. Karl fills also his left glove. The blossoms become manna when he puts them together. The manna is still kept in St Dyonis.
Motif References:
D 469 Transformation: miscellaneous object to other objects
D 1031.0.1 Manna. Food from skies in basket each morning
F 1083.0.1 Object floats in the air
KM3-71:
334, 15: The blossoms’ odor heals 301 sick people in Constantinople and one deaf, blind and dumb man.
Motif References:
V 144.3 (Bm) (Sweet odor of) relics cure(s) sick
F 952 Blindness miraculously cured
F 954 Dumb person brought to speak [cut-out tongue miraculously restored]
F 959 Marvelous cures – miscellaneous
D 2161 Magic healing power
D 2161.3.1 Blindness magically cured
D 2161.3.6 Dumbness magically cured
D 2161.3.5 Deafness magically cured
KM3-72:
334, 43: Karl also gets one of the alabaster nails; it heals a crippled child. In addition he receives a sudarium, a piece from the holy cross, the shirt of the Virgin Mary, napkins and arms of St Simon. He puts everything in a sack which he wraps around his neck and takes leave from Emperor Constantin. In Legymedo, 51 dead are resuscitated by the touch of the relics. In the next town, the relics heal blind, possessed and epileptic (suffering from vrese) people, as well as twelve lepers.
Motif References:
E 64.12 Resuscitation by sacred relics
V 140 Sacred relics
F 844 Extraordinary nail
F 952 Blindness miraculously cured
F 953 Cripple marvelously cured
F 955 Miraculous cure for leprosy
F 959 Marvelous cures – miscellaneous
D 2161 Magic healing power
D 2161.3.7 Lameness magically cured
D 2161.1.1 Magic cure of leprosy
D 2161.3.1 Blindness magically cured
KM3-73:
336, 5: Pope Leo travels to Aachen, where Karl keeps the relics. The pope consecrates the Minster of Aachen and grants indulgence. Bishop Turpin, Achileus (patriarch of Alexandria), Teosilus of Antiochia, the Patriarch of the Porte are also present. Karl establishes a yearly pilgrimage to Aachen in September to visit the relics and to receive indulgence.
Motif References:
V 39 Sacrament – miscellaneous motifs
V 85 Religious pilgrimages
P 121 (Bm) Pope
V 294 The Pope
V 530 Pilgrimages
KM3-74:
336, 63: Karl makes Aachen to a free town; the pope returns to Rome.
Motif References:
P 720 Population
KM3-75:
337,19: Every night, Karl sees a street of stars that reaches from Frisia, between Lombardy and the German countries, France and Castonye across Naverne and Spain to Galicia, where St. Jacob’s corpse lies. St. Jacob appears in three successive nights to Karl. He tells him to find his corpse that lies in Compostella and to liberate the country from the heathens. Christ sent the formation of the stars to show the right way to Compostella. St. Jacob’s grave shall become a pilgrim’s destination.
Motif References:
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
V 229 Saints – miscellaneous
H 939 Other assigners of tasks
F 961.2 Extraordinary behavior of stars
KM3-76:
338, 17–341, 3: Karl summons his army and marches towards Spain; he besieges Panpeloin for three months without success.
Motif References:
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
V 350 Conflicts between religions
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
KM3-77:
338, 32: When Karl prays to St. Jacob, the town walls of Panpeloin break down, Karl marches in and converts the heathens by force (death or baptism). This miracle causes the other heathen towns to surrender voluntarily. Spain becomes tributary to Karl.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
V 59 Prayers answered – miscellaneous
R 75 Surrendering
V 331.2 Conversion to Christianity on pain of death [by force]
F 1099 Additional marvels
D 2093 Walls overthrown by magic (Jericho)
KM3-78:
338, 58: Karl wages war against ten rebellious Spanish countries (Parde, Castele, Averne, Partegalie, Allandaluff, the land of the Moyt, Allanar, the land of the Saracens, Balckalin, Barlagyn). The history of the Spanish war was written by Turpin. In the end, Karl conquered 26 towns; among them Ora, where St. Vincencius was born, in another one, St. Torquait is buried, one of St. Jacob’s friends. At his grave, an olive-tree blossoms once a year.
Motif References:
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
F 979 Extraordinary behavior of trees and plants – miscellaneous
KM3-79:
339, 42: The Spanish countries surrender to Karl except for four towns. Karl besieges the town Lucerne for four months without success. He prays to St. Jacob and to God for help; the town’s walls break down.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
V 59 Prayers answered – miscellaneous
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
F 1099 Additional marvels
D 2093 Walls overthrown by magic (Jericho)
KM3-80:
340, 10: Karl also conquers the three other rebellious towns Adame, Ventose and Capie with God’s help and ravages them as punishment for their resistance.
Motif References:
Q 325 Disobedience punished
Q 595 Loss or destruction of property as punishment
KM3-81:
340, 36: Karl also conquers Galicia (with it Compostella) and converts all heathens there. This war of conquest has taken three years.
Motif References:
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
KM3-82:
341, 5: In Compostella, Karl donates a church to St. Jacob and a bishopric.
Motif References:
V 110 Religious buildings [and institutions]
V 111 Churches
KM3-83:
341, 22: Karl removes all heathen idols in Spain except for the immovable human-shaped brass idol Salacandis situated on a quadrangular pillar by the sea. It was made by Mahomet in Alandaluff; he has banned devils into it with black magic. The idol frightens Christians, birds approaching it die. All heathens’ prayers are answered immediately, as the idol also heals illnesses. It is directed southwards. It holds a key in one of his hands that it will drop in case a French king who is a danger to heathendom arrives. Then the heathens shall bury their treasures and flee.
Motif References:
V 1.11 Worship of idols
V 127 Image of deity in wood (stone) [metal]
V 215 (Hi) Heathen gods
F 855 Extraordinary image
F 959 Marvelous cures – miscellaneous
F 981 Extraordinary death of animal
D 1268 Magic statue (doll)
D 1323.4.1 Salvatio Romae
D 1500.1.12 Magic statue cures disease
D 1654.7 Statues that cannot be removed
D 1719 Possession of magic powers – miscellaneous
D 2161 Magic healing power
KM3-84:
342, 18: Karl returns with treasures to France, where he learns that his wife Luckart has died.
Motif References:
P 29 Queens – miscellaneous
KM3-85:
342, 36: Karl donates five minsters (Biteremse, Tollos, Panconie, Paris, Aachen) and consecrates them to St. Jacob.
Motif References:
V 111 Churches
KM3-86:
342, 56-359,5: In the meantime, the African king Agolant conquers Spain as far as the Beione and reestablishes heathendom. He has all Christians killed who were left behind by Karl. War is carried out in skirmishes and four battles.
Motif References:
S 139 Miscellaneous cruel murders
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
V 350 Conflicts between religions
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
KM3-87:
343, 38: In Beione, the judge Zemarich prays, confesses and receives the extreme unction before his death. He begs his servant to sell his horse and give the money to the poor for his salvation, but the servant keeps the money to himself. After thirty days, the judge appears to him and tells him that he has fallen in God’s disgrace because of his servant’s disloyalty. He says that the servant will go to hell and he himself to heaven the following day. So, at the moment of the servant’s death, there is a noise as if he were mangled by wild animals.
Motif References:
V 29 Confession – miscellaneous motifs
V 39 Sacrament – miscellaneous motifs
V 50 Prayer
E 236.4 Return from the dead because last will was not fulfilled
M 256 Promise to dying man broken
Q 266 Punishment for breaking promise
M 301.11 Spirit as prophet
M 341.1 Prophecy: death at (before, within) certain time
P 365 Faithless servant
M 370.1 Prophecy of death fulfilled
V 430 Charity – miscellaneous motifs
Q 558 Mysterious death as punishment
E 750.0.1 Soul cannot enter heaven till body is buried [before acts of charity are not accomplished by relatives and friends]
K 2250.1 Treacherous servant
KM3-88:
345, 32: On the third day after defeats in two skirmishes, Agolant casts his lots and sends messengers to Karl proposing battle between their two armies.
Motif References:
N 126 Lots cast to determine luck or fate
KM3-89:
345, 52: A miracle occurs before battle: the Christians put up their camps on the banks of the river Cya; those who intend to fight the following day thrust their ashen lances into the ground. Overnight, the lances of those who are doomed have grown roots and leaves. These lances are the origin of a large ash-wood that still exists.
Motif References:
D 454.9.1 Transformation: spear to other object
F 812 Extraordinary forest
F 971 Miraculous blossoming and bearing of fruit
D 1812.5.1.1 Prodigy as evil omen
KM3-90:
346, 22: Karl donates a church in this place and consecrates it to St. Prumtis and Facunde.
Motif References:
V 111 Churches
KM3-91:
346, 29: Battle against Agolant takes place. Duke Myle, Rolant and Oytger fight courageously. Also Karl participates in the battle, as well as Agolant, who kills Duke Myle and 4000 Christians.
Motif References:
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
KM3-92:
347, 14: As Karl’s horse is killed, he continues to fight on foot. He kills many heathens with his sword Gaudeosa. The battle lasts till nightfall.
Motif References:
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
KM3-93:
347, 34: Karl gets military aid from the counts of Lombardy. Agolant and his army flee. Karl returns to France.
Motif References:
R 220 Flights
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
KM3-94:
347, 49: Agolant summons an enormous army: kings of Arabia, Alexandria, Agabye, Bugie, Sebylie, Cordoba, Malgorcke, Malloch.
Motif References:
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
KM3-95:
347, 66: Agolant’s ruse: He pretends to have only a small army and offers presents to Karl if he becomes his vassal, but wants to kill him in battle. Karl’s stratagem: He leaves 2000 warriors in an ambush near Agune in Gaßkonie. He climbs a mountain, where he leaves sixty men. He and another man disguise themselves as Karl’s own messengers, hang their shields on their backs and spy out Agolant’s castle and fortifications. Agolant accepts the messengers’ message (Karl wants to become vassal) and follows him with 7000 men.
Motif References:
J 620 Forethought in prevention of others’ plans
K 1812.15 King disguised as own messenger
K 2357 Disguise to enter enemy’s camp (castle)
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous
KM3-96:
349, 35: Karl raises a large army and besieges the town of Agune; he captures it after six months; Agolant turns to Sentis; Karl follows him. Agolant offers battle.
Motif References:
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
KM3-97:
350, 30: Battle between Karl’s and Agolant’s armies; there are great losses on both sides. As two of his underkings die in battle, Agolant flees to Panpeloin.
Motif References:
R 220 Flights
KM3-98:
350, 62: Agolant summons an enormous army and challenges Karl to battle. Karl returns to France and summons an army: he liberates the unfree (he gives men and women inheritable freedom), pacifies feuds and frees captives. He dresses the poor, knights good warriors and rehabilitates those who have fallen in disgrace. Even the infamous regain their honor. Also Turpin and Rolant are in this army, which consists of 100,000 knights and even more pages and infantry. His army puts up a camp in front of Panpeloin.
Motif References:
P 551 Army
F 873.2 Enormous army (camp)[train]
KM3-99:
352, 26: Perceiving Karl’s enormous army, Agolant begs for three days’ peace and parley. Karl and Agolant meet on a field and hold parley in the heathen language which Karl knows from the days when he used to fight for the heathen king Galaffers in Tollet. Agolant proposes that only a small part of each army shall fight in order to spare the warriors. Peace is arranged for three days.
Motif References:
P 550 Military affairs
P 558 (Bm) Truce
KM3-100:
353, 19: Battle between Karl’s and Agolant’s armies according to their agreement: first 20 against 20, then 40 against 40; in both encounters, the Christians are victorious. Then 100 against 100 (Christians flee), then 200 against 200 (Christians victorious). On the third day: 1000 against 1000 (Christians are victorious).
Motif References:
P 552 Battle formations
KM3-101:
354, 58: Agolant decides to convert, as the Christian God is apparently stronger than Mahomet. He sends messengers to Karl with a peace offer. Karl accepts.
Motif References:
P 550 Military affairs
KM3-102:
355, 25: At the third hour, Agolant meets Karl at his camp, where he sees 13 messengers of Christ (this number corresponds to number of Christ and the apostles) who are supported by Karl. As they are not treated in a generous way – they sit and eat on the ground without a tablecloth and are not well dressed –, Agolant decides against the conversion and returns to Panpeloin, where he gets ready for battle, as well as Karl, who dresses the poor.
Motif References:
Z 71.9 Formulistic number: thirteen
P 426.3 Monks
KM3-103:
356, 58: Battle between Karl’s and Agolant’s armies. Karl, Turpin, Olivier, Rolant, Oytger of Denmark, Aristannus of Britanny, Engelers of Gaskonie, Hundebolt of Vreslant (Frisia), Ganffer of Bordeus, Count Vellis, Prince Lamprecht, Duke Sampson, Costin (official of Rome), Gerin of Lotrin and Duke Naymon participate. There are great losses on both sides. Arnolt of Barlant is badly wounded but continues fighting and kills Agolant. Most heathens die. Only two kings survive. They flee. The heathens are defeated.
Motif References:
W 33.1 Badly wounded warrior continues fighting
P 122.3 (Bm) Bishop encourages combat and wages battle
R 220 Flights
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
KM3-104:
359, 6: So many heathens have died that the Christians wade in blood.
Motif References:
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
KM3-105:
359, 12: Karl conquers Panpeloin and kills the heathens. Many of his warriors desecrate the corpses. Two surviving heathen kings return and kill the desecrators. Then they flee to Prince Furre of Naverne to get military aid.
Motif References:
S 139.2.2 Other indignities to corpse
KM3-106:
Prince Furre challenges Karl to battle.
Motif References:
P 556 Challenge to battle
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
KM3-107:
360, 11: Karl asks God to mark those who are doomed. A miracle is observed: a red cross appears on their shoulders. Karl encloses them in a room and forbids them to leave.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
V 86 Sign of the Cross
Z 141 Symbolic color: red
V 201 God
M 341.2.18 Prophecy: death in battle
M 372 Confinement in tower [room] to avoid fulfillment of prophecy
F 1099 Additional marvels
D 1322.3 (Bm) Red cross on shoulders as sign of doomed knights
D 1812.0.3 Foreknowledge of wounding [death] in battle (combat)
KM3-108:
360, 39: Battle begins; Furre is killed, as well as many other heathens. The others flee.
Motif References:
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
KM3-109:
361, 5: Karl returns to Panpeloin and wants to liberate the warriors he has enclosed, but they have all died.
Motif References:
N 101 Inexorable fate
M 370.1 Prophecy of death fulfilled
KM3-110:
361, 39: Karl has a large grave dug for them.
Motif References:
V 69 Funeral rites – miscellaneous
KM3-111:
361, 52: The amiral of Babylonia summons the giant Farracuc and 20,000 Turks to the town Vagere and fights Karl there.
Motif References:
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
KM3-112:
362, 8: The giant Farracuc has the strength of 40 men; he is 12 ells tall, his arms and legs measure four ells, his face one ell, his nose one span. His fingers are three spans long. His unpierceable skin renders him invulnerable.
Motif References:
F 531.2.1 Extremely tall giant
F 531.1.3 Feet (legs) [and arms] of giant
F 531.1.6 Other bodily characteristics of giant
KM3-113:
362: Karl besieges the town of Vagere when realizing that the Turks are there. Farracuc challenges any of Karl’s warriors willing to fight to single combat. Oytger of Denmark volunteers for this single combat with the giant. Farracuc tucks him under his arm and carries him into town. The same happens to Arnold von dem wyssen Dorn, Constantin of Rome, Wellis of Nanantensis. Karl forbids further fighting.
Motif References:
R 5 Capture on field of battle
F 531.5 Giants and men
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
KM3-114:
363, 59: Rolant begs his uncle, Karl, nevertheless to let him fight with Farracuc. After long discussions (Rolant is a marshal and could provide the enemy with valuable information), Karl gives in.
Motif References:
W 212 Eagerness for combat
H 1561 Tests of valor
KM3-115:
364, 45–369, 37: Single combat between Farracuc and Rolant. On the first day, the giant picks up Rolant and carries him along – Rolant prays for help, frees himself, throws the giant to earth, but misses him with his sword, instead Cleaving the giant’s horse in two. Farracuc kills Rolant’s horse with a single fist-blow. Rolant throws stones. They decide to meet again the following day. Farracuc fights with the sword, Rolant with sword and rod, then throws stones at him. They take a rest on Farracuc’s request. Rolant slips a stone under the giant’s head as a pillow.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
F 628.2.10 Strong man cleaves horse and rider in two [kills horse and rider at one pole-blow]
KM3-116:
367, 8: During a conversation, clever Rolant finds out that Farracuc’s navel is the only vulnerable spot of his body.
Motif References:
Z 311 Achilles heel
N 476 Secret of unique vulnerability disclosed
F 531.1.6 Other bodily characteristics of giant
J 1110 Clever persons
KM3-117:
367, 27: Rolant instructs Farracuc in Christianity on his request. Farracuc offers to convert if Rolant defeats him in fight. They grant each other surety.
Motif References:
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
KM3-118:
368, 39: Single combat between Rolant and Farracuc continues; Rolant is thrown to the ground, but gains strength after prayer. He overthrows the giant and stabs him through the navel. Farracuc dies; his corpse is carried away by heathens.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
V 59 Prayers answered – miscellaneous
L 311 Weak (small) [young] hero overcomes large fighter
Z 311 Achilles heel
F 531.6.12.6 Giant slain by man
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 628.2.3 Strong man kills giant
KM3-119:
369, 39: Karl pursues the heathens, conquers Vagere and sets up his banner. He has all heathens killed and searches for Christian prisoners.
Motif References:
Z 150 Other symbols
P 550 Military affairs
KM3-120:
370, 1: Karl besieges Cordula, where the kings of Cordula and Sibilia have raised an army. A challenge to battle is given the following day.
Motif References:
P 556 Challenge to battle
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
KM3-121:
370, 35: The heathens have an enormously large and heavy standard, which is carried by eight oxen. A beautiful banner waves on this standard. The heathens may not flee while this banner remains standing.
Motif References:
P 557.8 (Bm) No Saracen may flee while certain banner remains standing
F 899.1 Extraordinary standard [banner]
KM3-122:
370, 65: The heathens’ stratagem: a page with a long beard, horns on his head and a drum around his neck walks in front of each knight; when approaching the Christian army, they beat their drums and scare the Christians’ horses. The following day, Karl gives instructions to cover their eyes and ears to prevent that this happens again.
Motif References:
J 672 Defences by strengthening one’s own weakest spots
K 1821.4 Youth [warriors] wear false beards (of grass, wool) [False beard]
K 1821 Disguise by changing bodily appearance
K 2351.5.2 (Bm) Horse’s ears stuffed with wax so that battle horns will not frighten them
K 2369.15 (Bm) Horn-blowing causes horses to flee; routs army
KM3-123:
371, 38-372, 37: Battle between heathens and Christians. Many heathens die.
Motif References:
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
V 350 Conflicts between religions
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
KM3-124:
372, 17: Karl breaks through the heathen troops surrounding the standard and destroys the banner. The heathens flee and are pursued by the Christians who finally are victorious.
Motif References:
R 220 Flights
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
P 557.8 (Bm) No Saracen may flee while certain banner remains standing
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous
KM3-125:
372, 48: The town of Cordula surrenders after Karl’s negotiation with the captain. The inhabitants convert to Christianity. Karl enfeoffs the captain again with the town and country. Karl now rules over Galicia and Spain.
Motif References:
R 75 Surrendering
V 331 Conversion to Christianity
KM3-126:
373, 3: Karl rewards his followers and travels to Compostella, where he gives orders that in honor of St. Jacob, every lord, bishop and Christian king of Spain, Portugal and Galicia is subject to the bishop of Compostella. Furthermore, that all kings shall have their crown and all bishops their pallium from him and that every inhabitant of Galicia and Spain shall bring four pennies each year to the church of Compostella and so be free from serfdom.
Motif References:
P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
P 122 (Bm) Archbishop and bishop
KM3-127:
373, 43: Turpin and nine other bishops and clerics consecrate the altar in Compostella; Karl and his army return to Ingelheim.
Motif References:
V 116 Altars
|