Chansons de Geste
Der Stricker, Karl der Große (1220/50)
Bartsch, K. (ed.): Karl der Große von dem Stricker. Quedlinburg 1857. Reprint Berlin 1965.
StrKG-1:
The story of Karl, Pippin’s son, will be told.
Motif References:
StrKG-124:
King Pippin’s bride was substituted by another woman before the marriage; he left the false bride and married Berthe, the true one; they had two children, Gerdrut and Karl. Leo (a cleric), Wineman and Rapote are children from Pippin’s first marriage.
Motif References:
K 1911 The false bride (substituted bride)
K 1911.3 Reinstatement of true bride
StrKG-158:
Wineman and Rapote conspire with twelve nobles: they want to kill Karl for the inheritance.
Motif References:
Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
P 251.5.3 Hostile [half-] brothers
K 2211 Treacherous [half-]brother. Usually elder brother
K 2370 Miscellaneous deceptions
StrKG-168:
Count Diepolt of Troys, loyal vassal of Karl, learns about the conspiracy and flees with him to Spain, to the heathen King Marsilies.
Motif References:
W 34 Loyalty
P 36.1 (Bm) Young prince flees usurper
R 220 Flights
P 361 Faithful servant [vassal]
StrKG-190:
Karl and Diepolt live under false names at the heathen court, but remain Christian.
Motif References:
P 15.15 (Bm) King in exile
V 301.1 (Li) The high-minded, noble heathen
P 322.2 Guest in disguise or under false name
R 331 [Christian] Hero takes refuge at [heathen] king’s court
N 836 King as helper
K 1831.0.1 Disguise by changing name
StrKG-213:
Marsilies’s sister falls in love with Karl and wants to marry him; he refuses, as he does not want to convert to heathendom. Diepolt announces his return to France.
Motif References:
T 55 Girl as wooer. Forthputting woman
T 71 Woman scorned in love
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
StrKG-250:
Karl returns to France; the nobles come to meet him. He reconciles with Wineman and Rapote and takes over the reign.
Motif References:
L 111.1 Exile returns and succeeds
P 251 Brothers [Half-brothers]
StrKG-265:
Karl is a just king.
Motif References:
P 12 Character of kings
StrKG-275:
Karl prays to God for help in conversion of the heathens, so that they may escape fate in hell.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
StrKG-307:
One night, while his twelve guardians are asleep, an angel accompanied by marvelous light comes as God’s messenger to answer Karl’s prayer. He promises him God’s help and prophesies that he will rule over different countries and finally go to Spain to convert the heathens.
Motif References:
Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
A 165.2.3 Angels as God’s messengers
A 182.3 God (angel) speaks to mortal
V 235 Mortal visited by angel
V 243 Angel answers mortal’s prayer
Z 254 Destined hero
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
M 301.10 Angels as prophets
M 364.3 Prophecy: saint [holy man] will succeed in conversion
H 927.2 Task assigned by angel on God’s order
F 969.3 Marvelous light
StrKG-364:
The angel gives Karl the sword Durndart and the horn Olivant (named so by God) on God’s order. Karl has to pass them on to Ruolant, who will pass into eternal life. Durndart causes never-healing wounds; the sound of Olivant causes deafness and dumbness. Karl also gets a glove. The angel tells Karl to show sword, horn and glove to his princes; then he is to conquer the German countries.
Motif References:
Z 150 Other symbols
V 201 God
Z 201 (Bm) Famous possessions of hero
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
V 232.7 Gifts from angels
D 812.10 Magic object received from angel
F 833 Extraordinary sword
F 899 Other extraordinary objects
F 1041 Extraordinary physical reactions of persons
D 1081 Magic sword
D 1222 Magic horn (musical)
D 1402.7.1.2 Magic sword always inflicts mortal wounds
StrKG-405:
The angel tells Karl to go to Rome; as the present pope is going to die, Karl shall help his brother to become pope.
Motif References:
P 121 (Bm) Pope
V 294 The Pope
M 341.1 Prophecy: death at (before, within) certain time
StrKG-427:
The angel tells Karl that Ruolant will always support him and shall always be honored. Then, the angel blesses Karl and leaves.
Motif References:
Z 254 Destined hero
StrKG-447:
The angel’s prophecies are fulfilled. Karl conquers many countries, his brother becomes pope. The German people is granted the right to choose their king.
Motif References:
P 11 Choice of kings
M 391 Fulfillment of prophecy
StrKG-462:
Karl founds the capital town Aachen and a church for the coronation of kings.
Motif References:
V 111 Churches
Z 703 (Bm) Eponymous account of city’s founding
StrKG-468:
The pope grants support for the planned military campaign. Also Karl’s twelve pairs (Ruolant, son of his sister, archbishop Turpin and Olivier are the most famous of them) grant support.
Motif References:
P 50 Noblemen (knights) [rules of chivalry]
Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
P 253.0.1 Sister’s son
StrKG-580:
All of them swear on the military campaign with their hands lifted.
Motif References:
M 166 Other vows about fighting
StrKG-625:
Karl gives a speech on a hill and encourages his followers by describing the heathens’ cruelty: they burn and rob, destroy churches, sacrifice Christian prisoners to their idols or use them as targets.
Motif References:
V 11.10 Sacrifice to idols
R 51 Mistreatment of prisoners
S 180 Wounding or torturing
S 260.1 Human sacrifice
StrKG-691:
Archbishop Turpin, one of the twelve pairs, encourages the warriors: he grants indulgence and describes salvation.
Motif References:
P 122.3 (Bm) Bishop encourages combat and wages battle
StrKG-727:
The Christians leave for Spain. The heathens flee across the river Gerunde, burning their land behind them.
Motif References:
StrKG-749:
Heathens are very sure of victory, make music and noise.
Motif References:
W 200 Traits of character – miscellaneous
StrKG-759:
A captured heathen shows the Christians a ford across the Gerunde; the Christians arrive at a heathen temple in the town of Tortôsa.
Motif References:
StrKG-772:
Ruolant blows his horn three times, making the heathens and their idols deaf and dumb. Fighting begins.
Motif References:
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
Z 201 (Bm) Famous possessions of hero
F 899 Other extraordinary objects
F 1041 Extraordinary physical reactions of persons
D 1222 Magic horn (musical)
StrKG-820:
The heathens are driven back into the temple; they are killed while praying. The Christians destroy the heathen idols.
Motif References:
V 112 Temples
R 325 Church (altar) [temple] as refuge
V 356 Christian hero (saint) overthrows heathen idols
StrKG-846:
Devils take the heathens’ souls with them. The remaining heathens convert to Christianity; Turpin baptizes them.
Motif References:
R 75 Surrendering
G 303.9.5 The devil as an abductor
V 331.1 Conversion to Christianity through miracle
V 332 Baptism of heathen
V 340 Miracle manifested to non-believers
E 752.2 Soul carried off by demon (Devil)
StrKG-875:
During the following six years, Karl converts many heathens to Christianity by force. Only Sarragôz, ruled by king Marsilies, offers resistance.
Motif References:
V 331.2 Conversion to Christianity on pain of death [by force]
StrKG-971:
Marsilies has a council of war with his counselors under an olive-tree.
Motif References:
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
StrKG-1000:
Blanschandiez, old and wise counselor of Marsilies, advises to send twelve men with presents and hostages (sons of princes) to Karl. Their pretended submission shall induce Karl’s retreat. Karl will certainly leave behind governors who can easily be killed.
Motif References:
P 14.15.1 (Old, wise) Counsellors of court [King’s council]
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous
StrKG-1147:
Marsilies accepts the advice; twelve nobles are sent to Karl with palm branches; they bring twelve white mules laden with gold as presents.
Motif References:
P 14.15.2 Court messenger
Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
Z 142 Symbolic color: white
Z 157 Olive [palm] branch symbol of peace [victory]
StrKG-1195:
The messengers approach Karl’s vast camp which gleams like gold.
Motif References:
P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
StrKG-1231:
The messengers throw themselves down at the feet of Karl’s retainers believing them to be Karl. They finally perceive him playing chess with Gerold of Schwaben (Swabia).
Motif References:
P 14.3 King playing chess when important news arrives
J 1766 One person mistaken for another
StrKG-1249:
Karl is a very handsome man; his face is luminous.
Motif References:
H 41 Recognition of royalty [nobility] by personal characteristics or traits
H 71.6.1 Luminous face as sign of royalty
F 575.2 Handsome man
StrKG-1260:
Karl is a saint and a just king; the law was brought to him by an angel from God.
Motif References:
P 12 Character of kings
P 14 Particular practices of kings
V 201 God
V 246.0.2 Angel dictates (gives) book [law]
P 522 Laws
StrKG-1280:
Blanschandiez offers submission and conversion. He promises presents and begs Karl to leave the country; the heathen princes will come to Aachen on St Michael’s day. He offers his son as hostage.
Motif References:
StrKG-1397:
Karl accepts the offer and refuses to accept the presents; he forgives Marsilies, who had two of his messengers beheaded, as the heathen messengers carry palm branches (symbol of peace).
Motif References:
R 51.4 Prisoner[s] [hostages, messengers] massacred [killed]
S 133 Murder by beheading
Z 157 Olive [palm] branch symbol of peace [victory]
StrKG-1443:
In the meantime, the heathens make a sally and are fought back by Christians in furious combat (warriors wade in blood).
Motif References:
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
StrKG-1508:
The heathens are defeated.
Motif References:
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
StrKG-1523:
A council is held in Karl’s camp on how to deal with Marsilies’s proposal. Ruolant, Olivier and the other pairs believe that the offer is a ruse and want to fight and convert the heathens.
Motif References:
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
StrKG-1619:
Also archbishop Turpin proposes to wage war: the Christians shall accomplish their task, the kingdom of heaven waits for the martyrs, they shall follow the pigeon with the olive branch, not the black raven. Only Genelun (he speaks standing on a bench) believes the heathens and pleads for peace. He has a heated argument with Ruolant, his stepson. This quarrel causes Karl’s anger.
Motif References:
P 122.3 (Bm) Bishop encourages combat and wages battle
Z 150 Other symbols
StrKG-1816:
After deliberation among the princes, the old bishop Johan is chosen as their speaker. He – so weak because of fasting and praying that Karl allows him to stay seated – advises to send a wise man as a messenger to the heathens to find out about their intentions.
Motif References:
P 14.15.1 (Old, wise) Counsellors of court [King’s council]
P 122 (Bm) Archbishop and bishop
V 462 Asceticism
StrKG-1967:
As Karl refuses Ruolant, Olivier and Turpin as messengers, Ruolant proposes to send his stepfather Genelun. That one turns pale and accuses Ruolant of wanting his death; he announces revenge and curses Ruolant, as Karl accepts the proposal.
Motif References:
P 281 Stepfather [and stepson]
P 556.0.1 (Bm) Challenge to single combat [feud]
StrKG-2024:
Karl hands Genelun a glove and staff as symbols of assignment of the task; Genelun turns pale and drops the glove, which is considered a bad omen. He falls at Karl’s feet, but is sent with golden seal and oral and a written message to Marsilies; the message says that half of Spain shall be his fief if he submits to the emperor’s supremacy and converts to Christianity; the other half of Spain shall be Ruolant’s.
Motif References:
P 14.15.2 Court messenger
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
Z 150 Other symbols
P 548 Miscellaneous legal customs [problems]
H 939 Other assigners of tasks
H 1180 Miscellaneous tasks
StrKG-2112:
If the heathens do not accept the Christian offers, Karl will destroy Sarraguz, bring the heathen king to Aachen tied to a donkey and have him beheaded there. Kissing Genelun on the mouth, Karl dismisses him.
Motif References:
M 500 (Bm) Threats
StrKG-2131:
Genelun cries; he and his 600 followers prepare for their departure. Genelun is richly dressed by Karl: his garments are made of precious fabrics, he receives golden spurs, silver and a jeweled saddle. He gets the quickest horse in France and an extremely hard sword.
Motif References:
F 820 Extraordinary clothing and ornaments
StrKG-2173:
Genelun says that he will take revenge on Ruolant “by his beard”.
Motif References:
StrKG-2183:
Genelun is handsome and extremely tall (his shoulders are two ells wide). He leaves.
Motif References:
F 533 Remarkably tall man
StrKG-2203:
Genelun releases his retainers, as he does not want them to die with him. He begs them to take care of his son’s education, so that he becomes a just sovereign, and of his beloved wife who inherits everything; he sends a ring to her. He leaves under tears. His followers also cry.
Motif References:
T 59.1 (Bm) Rings as love tokens
P 210 Husband and wife
P 233 Father and son
StrKG-2303:
Genelun answers the questions asked by Blanschandiez concerning Karl’s reasons for warfare; he explains that he has come on God’s order brought to him by an angel; God also gives him strength, and nothing can harm him. Genelun describes the pairs’ haughtiness and bloodthirstiness.
Motif References:
A 165.2.3 Angels as God’s messengers
Z 200 Heroes
V 235 Mortal visited by angel
H 927.2 Task assigned by angel on God’s order
StrKG-2386:
Genelun offers his cooperation to the heathens; his plan: they should induce Karl to leave Spain and leave Ruolant behind as governor, who shall then be delivered to the heathens (Genelun has the right to do so, as he is married to Karl’s sister and because of the announcement of feud by dropping the glove). At Blanscandiez’ consent, Genelûn laughs (2474). The heathens accept Genelûn’s proposal and make plans under an olive-tree (2478).
Motif References:
P 263 Brother-in-law
K 2211.1 Treacherous brother-in-law
K 2217 Treacherous uncle [stepfather]
K 2370 Miscellaneous deceptions
StrKG-2491:
Genelun gets 100,000 marks as reward.
Motif References:
Q 111 Riches as reward
P 614 (Bm) Bribes
StrKG-2499:
Genelun’s handsome exterior does not indicate a beautiful soul.
Motif References:
U 119.3 Handsome exterior does not indicate beautiful soul
StrKG-2519:
Genelun and the heathens swear an oath to kill Ruolant with their hands raised.
Motif References:
M 150 Other vows and oaths
StrKG-2541:
The messengers move on to Marsilies’s camp. Genelun delivers the letter and the message. Marsilies gets furious and hits him with a staff. Genelun draws his sword. Marsilies then reads the letter. He calms down when learning about the plan of conspiracy.
Motif References:
StrKG-2723:
Marsilies begs Genelun for forgiveness. He gives him his precious mantle as a present. They kiss as a sign of reconciliation.
Motif References:
StrKG-2855:
Genelun shows the sharpness of a French sword by splitting a helmet with one blow.
Motif References:
F 833.3 Sword extraordinarily bright, sharp
StrKG-2870:
Genelun and the heathens take an oath on the statue of Apolle to kill Ruolant.
Motif References:
M 114 Oath taken on sacred object
M 150 Other vows and oaths
StrKG-2928:
Thus, Genelun betrays two countries.
Motif References:
K 2030 Double dealers
StrKG-2941:
A military strategy is worked out: They will send hostages and presents to Karl to induce his retreat. Ruolant will then be governor; he shall be killed, which will cause much grief for the emperor and prevent him from returning to Spain.
Motif References:
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous
StrKG-3003:
Marsilies laughs in consent with Genelun’s proposals and kisses him on the mouth as confirmation of their pact.
Motif References:
StrKG-3025:
Marsilies’s son Alderot gives Genelun a sword he once took from king Tielsarke after having killed 3000 of his warriors. It easily cuts any helmet.
Motif References:
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
F 833.3 Sword extraordinarily bright, sharp
StrKG-3061:
Military aid arrives on Marsilies’s call (he wrote letters to his underkings).
Motif References:
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
StrKG-3079:
Among the heathen kings is Limâr of Ultor, whose warriors wear horn-armors.
Motif References:
F 824 Extraordinary [part of] armor
StrKG-3121:
The people of the king of Funde have to look down to the ground like dogs, as their chins have grown to their breasts.
Motif References:
F 511 Person unusual as to his head
StrKG-3143:
The heathen king Margriez is handsome like a lily; he is worshipped as a god.
Motif References:
V 1 Objects of worship
F 575.2 Handsome man
StrKG-3153:
The heathen king Cernoles rules over an extraordinary country which is cursed by God: the sun never shines, there is no wine and no grain. The only vegetation is moss and forest; it is very dark because of perpetual mist. The stones, earth and wood are black; its inhabitants are possessed and live on horsemeat.
Motif References:
Z 143 Symbolic color: black
M 474 Curse on land
F 561 People of unusual diet
F 704 Land of cold and mist
F 706 Land of darkness
F 707 Extraordinary kingdom
F 708.2 Country without grain
F 708.3 Country without wine
F 709.6 (Bm) Land of raw flesh [horse-meat] eaters
F 851 Extraordinary food
StrKG-3172:
Cernoles himself is able to lift a weight twelve mules can carry in one of his hands; his hair has grown down to his knees.
Motif References:
F 555.3 Very long hair
F 610.5.2 Man with strength of ten elephants [12 mules]
StrKG-3211:
The presents and hostages are prepared. Marsilies, overwhelmed with grief for his doomed hostages, covers his head with his cloak and swoons. Genelun and twelve heathen messengers leave for Karl’s camp. Duke Naimes of Baiern presents their peace-offer to Karl, who accepts it.
Motif References:
P 533.1 Hostages
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
StrKG-3378:
Genelun’s eyes laugh with treachery.
Motif References:
StrKG-3449:
On Genelun’s advice, Ruolant is chosen as governor by the princes; Karl has to accept this decision despite his love and grief for his nephew. He cries.
Motif References:
P 19.4 Kingly powers (rights) [obligations]
P 293 Uncle
P 297 Nephew
K 2217 Treacherous uncle [stepfather]
StrKG-3529:
At night, when everyone thinks he is asleep, Karl prays under tears; he once committed a capital sin, which was forgiven by God through the intermission of St Gilje, who prayed for forgiveness without knowing the sin’s real dimension.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
Z 200 Heroes
V 229 Saints – miscellaneous
U 230 The nature of sin
StrKG-3549:
A letter sent from God appeared on the altar during mass; it said that Karl was liberated from his sin.
Motif References:
V 21 Confession brings forgiveness of sin
V 201 God
F 883 Extraordinary writings (book, letter)
StrKG-3587:
Karl has three prophetic dreams. The first dream: In Porziser, Genelun tries to take away the shaft he is holding. The shaft splits in two, Genelun’s half flies away and dissolves into the air; the mountains echo. The second dream after prayer: In Aachen, a bear breaks the two chains he is fettered with and seriously hurts Karl. He wakes up and prays again. The third dream: During a feast in Paris, a leopard (come from Spain) tries to attack him but is killed by a dog after a fight. Karl prays again with arms extended as to form a cross.
Motif References:
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
Z 100 Symbolism
M 302.7 Prophecy through dreams
V 515.2 Allegorical visions – political
D 1812.3.3.5 Prophetic dream allegorical
StrKG-3777:
Karl cries because of grief for Ruolant. The Christian riding order for the journey home is organized.
Motif References:
P 600 Customs
StrKG-3853:
Ruolant asks Karl to be enfeoffed with Spain: he hands Karl the banner. Karl enfeoffs him by handing it over. Ruolant is crowned and elected Spanish king. The princes vow in Karl’s hands to support Ruolant.
Motif References:
P 13.5 Crowning [and making] of kings
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
Z 150 Other symbols
M 166 Other vows about fighting
W 212 Eagerness for combat
P 548 Miscellaneous legal customs [problems]
StrKG-3930:
Ruolant climbs a hill with spear and banner. He presses the spear three times against a stone which softens at the pressure. This signifies that he is chosen. 20,000 men stay with Ruolant in Spain. Karl and the other Christians leave after a tearful farewell.
Motif References:
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
Z 230 Extraordinary exploits of hero
F 1099 Additional marvels
StrKG-4011:
Ruolant is armed; on his chest he wears a jeweled golden dragon.
Motif References:
F 827 Extraordinary ornaments
StrKG-4033:
Ruolant’s helmet Venerant has engraved in its clasp that it is unpierceable and will harm anyone trying to take it.
Motif References:
Z 201 (Bm) Famous possessions of hero
F 824 Extraordinary [part of] armor
D 1101.4 Magic helmet
D 1381.10.3 Magic unpierceable helmet
StrKG-4043:
Ruolant’s sword Durndart is deadly wherever aimed at and so sharp that it cuts bone, horn and stone.
Motif References:
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
F 833 Extraordinary sword
D 1081 Magic sword
D 1402.7.1 Magic sword kills man
StrKG-4059:
A white banner showing golden animals and birds is attached to Ruolant’s spear. This is also his crest.
Motif References:
P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols – coat-of-arms
Z 142 Symbolic color: white
P 550 Military affairs
StrKG-4068:
A cross is attached to Ruolant’s clothes on his back and sides. Ruolant mounts a hill to talk to his warriors.
Motif References:
V 86 Sign of the Cross
StrKG-4090:
The enormous heathen army perceived by Christian warriors.
Motif References:
F 873.2 Enormous army (camp)[train]
StrKG-4129:
Mass is celebrated before the battle.
Motif References:
V 49 Mass – miscellaneous motifs
StrKG-4177:
The heathens pray to their 700 idols and blow 700 horns for them. A precious temple is carried on the battlefield. They dance and play.
Motif References:
V 1.11 Worship of idols
Z 71.5 Formulistic number: seven
V 112 Temples
F 773 Remarkable church (chapel, temple)
StrKG-4273:
The heathens’ noise lames birds’ wings and kills them.
Motif References:
F 981 Extraordinary death of animal
StrKG-4284:
The Christians’ kneeling during prayer is interpreted as expression of fear by the heathens.
Motif References:
J 1738 Ignorance of religious matters
StrKG-4333:
Battle formation of heathen army: division in twelve troops (like Christians); each of the twelve commanders wants to kill Ruolant.
Motif References:
Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
P 552 Battle formations
StrKG-4385:
Marsilies laughs with joy and contentment about the eagerness of his warriors to kill Ruolant.
Motif References:
StrKG-4579:
One of the heathen commanders is Margriez of Sibilje, who is remarkably handsome and worshipped as a God.
Motif References:
V 1 Objects of worship
F 575.2 Handsome man
StrKG-4617:
Another heathen leader is Cernoles, who is able to lift the weight twelve mules can carry in one of his hands.
Motif References:
F 610.5.2 Man with strength of ten elephants [12 mules]
StrKG-4678:
Military strategy: one troop fights after the other, as the way is too narrow.
Motif References:
P 550 Military affairs
StrKG-4701:
Olivier, perceiving the heathens’ approach, advises Ruolant to blow his horn for military aid. Ruolant lifts his right hand as if swearing an oath and refuses: the heathens are doomed already; he prefers martyrdom.
Motif References:
J 610 Forethought in conflict with others – general
StrKG-4779:
Turpin encourages the warriors: killing heathens is no sin, but done in God’s service. He promises indulgence as reward.
Motif References:
V 39 Sacrament – miscellaneous motifs
P 122.3 (Bm) Bishop encourages combat and wages battle
StrKG-4822:
God’s voice confirms what Turpin said.
Motif References:
V 550 (Bm) Voice from heaven
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)
StrKG-4849:
Battle formation of Christian army: twelve troops. The military strategy is planned.
Motif References:
Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
P 552 Battle formations
StrKG-4925:
Ruolant’s coat-of-arms, a golden lion, corresponds to his courage.
Motif References:
P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols – coat-of-arms
Z 150 Other symbols
StrKG-4965:
The first battle of Runzevâl is furious. “Munschoy” is the Christian war-cry. Both Christians and heathens are very strong. Blood-streams flow, sparks fly from sword-blows. First, twelve heathen troops fight twelve Christian troops, each skirmish is preceded by single combats between their commanders; the heathens are defeated, there is only a single heathen survivor, who calls for military aid for the heathens. The battle continues. The heathens flee to Marsilies, who again sends military aid; the heathens are once again defeated. A lone survivor again calls for military aid for the heathens, but they are defeated a third time.
Motif References:
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
V 350 Conflicts between religions
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
P 551 Army
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
P 557 Military customs
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
StrKG-5127:
Ruolant throws his shield on his back and fights on, holding his sword with both hands.
Motif References:
W 32 Bravery
StrKG-5164:
The Christians conquer the mobile temple which the heathens have carried on the battlefield. Ruolant destroys the idols and tells his followers not to plunder before the final victory.
Motif References:
V 112 Temples
V 356 Christian hero (saint) overthrows heathen idols
F 773 Remarkable church (chapel, temple)
StrKG-5244:
The heathen army commander Falsarôn has a golden eagle as his coat-of-arms.
Motif References:
P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols – coat-of-arms
StrKG-5409:
Archbishop Turpin fights courageously.
Motif References:
P 122.3 (Bm) Bishop encourages combat and wages battle
StrKG-5476:
God sends a cool breeze to strengthen the warriors weakened by the heat. They kill many heathens.
Motif References:
V 201 God
N 817.0.1 God as helper
F 960.3 Extraordinary nature phenomena during furious battle
F 963 Extraordinary behavior of wind
StrKG-5692:
Targîs of Tortôse, commander of a heathen troop, prays to the idol of Apollo, which always pretends to sleep, for victory.
Motif References:
V 1.11 Worship of idols
StrKG-5897:
A golden boar is the coat-of-arms of heathen Estorgant.
Motif References:
P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols – coat-of-arms
StrKG-6061:
Cernoles is able to lift the weight twelve mules can carry in one of his hands. He is split in two by Ruolant.
Motif References:
F 610.5.2 Man with strength of ten elephants [12 mules]
StrKG-6227:
Margriez as unique survivor of the first part of the battle returns to Marsilies to give account of the battle events. Margriez is seriously wounded (wounded head, spear in his back). Marsilies cries. He sends military aid.
Motif References:
Z 356 Unique survivor
F 1096 Person lives on after being cut through by sword
StrKG-6527:
Marsilies swears to punish desertion with death.
Motif References:
M 150 Other vows and oaths
StrKG-6596:
One of the heathen leaders is Âbis, who never laughs.
Motif References:
F 591 Person who never laughs
StrKG-6605:
Âbis attacks Turpin, who is protected by God, and his horse which escapes a deadly lance-blow by falling down pretending death.
Motif References:
B 301.4.8 Faithful horse fights together with its master [saves master’s life]
F 989 Extraordinary occurrences concerning animals – miscellaneous
StrKG-6660:
The heathens try to attack the Christians after they have taken off their armor. The Christians chase them back.
Motif References:
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous
StrKG-6693:
Turpin fights with Sigelot, who is worshipped as a God by the heathens.
Motif References:
V 1 Objects of worship
StrKG-6702:
Ruolant’s horse Valentich is remarkably swift.
Motif References:
Z 201.1 (Bm) Hero’s famous horse
F 989.17 Marvelously swift horse
StrKG-6733:
The last surviving heathen returns from the battlefield to give an account of events.
Motif References:
Z 356 Unique survivor
StrKG-6745:
Marsilies cries, tears his hair and beard with grief over the losses in battle. He sends reinforcements.
Motif References:
F 1041.21.6 Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief
StrKG-6792:
Turpin gives an encouraging speech when perceiving the approaching army: God will help them as he helped the Israelites: he cursed the Egyptians so that they drowned in the sea and gave the Israelites bread in the desert.
Motif References:
P 122.3 (Bm) Bishop encourages combat and wages battle
StrKG-6819:
The Christians pray and give each other the kiss of peace before the battle. The battle continues.
Motif References:
StrKG-6987:
The Christians get weaker and weaker; Ruolant kills 200 heathens and regrets that he did not blow his horn earlier. Olivier accuses him of being responsible for all the dead.
Motif References:
J 610 Forethought in conflict with others – general
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
StrKG-7093:
On Turpin’s advice – Karl will at least be able to take revenge and to bury the corpses – Ruolant blows his horn Olivant three times so powerfully that Christians and heathens fall down to the ground and cover their ears. Ruolant’s cranium splits from the power of blowing, he nearly falls from his horse, his heart misses a beat.
Motif References:
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
R 187 Horn of Roncevalles. Hero calls aid of waiting soldiers on horn
Z 201 (Bm) Famous possessions of hero
F 1085 Eye bursts forth from overstrain of voice [cranium bursts from blowing horn; body’s internal parts break from blowing horn]
StrKG-7108:
Karl despairs at hearing Ruolant’s horn-blow, he tears his beard with excessive grief. Genelun reproaches him for this unmanly behavior.
Motif References:
F 1041.21.6 Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief
StrKG-7169:
Genelun’s deception is finally detected; he is fettered, his garments are torn, his hair is tousled, his face slapped; he is bound to a packhorse. 1000 men guard him – his humiliation is visible to everyone. The imperial army hastens to Runzevâl.
Motif References:
Q 236 Punishment for deceiving (divine) emperor
Q 261 Treachery punished
Q 434 Punishment: fettering
Q 470 Humiliating punishments
Q 473.5 Punishment: sending out of town on donkeys [donkey-ride]
Q 488 Cutting [tousling] hair as punishment
K 2380 (Hi) Detection of treachery or deceit
StrKG-7245:
The heathens are unconscious because of the sound of Olivant; Marsilies decides to participate in the battle and is seriously wounded by Ruolant (his right arm is cut off); he escapes.
Motif References:
Z 201 (Bm) Famous possessions of hero
F 899 Other extraordinary objects
F 1041 Extraordinary physical reactions of persons
D 1222 Magic horn (musical)
StrKG-7473:
King Algariez of Kartâgo seriously wounds Olivier, who continues fighting until he becomes blind with pain. Ruolant almost falls from his horse with grief for his friend, but then returns into battle.
Motif References:
W 33.1 Badly wounded warrior continues fighting
StrKG-7581:
Olivier tries to help Turpin and Ruolant, but as he is blind with pain, he unwittingly attacks Ruolant, whom he recognizes only by his voice.
Motif References:
H 79.3 Recognition by voice
P 314 Combat of disguised [unrecognized] friends. [Unwitting attack on friend]
N 767.1 (Bm) Unwitting combat between friends. [Unwitting attack on friend]
StrKG-7611:
Olivier leaves the battlefield and prays for redemption, for Karl, for Ruolant and his other friends; he prays with arms extended so as to form a cross.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
StrKG-7646:
At the moment of Olivier’s death, a great light appears in the sky which carries his soul to heaven.
Motif References:
Q 147 Supernatural manifestations at death of pious person
Q 172 Reward: admission to heaven
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
V 520 Salvation
E 722.2 Manner of soul’s leaving body
F 960.2.4 Great light appears on night [day] of holy [pious] man’s death
F 969.3 Marvelous light
StrKG-7731:
Only Walther, Turpin and Ruolant are now left of the Christian army; they fight in the name of the Holy Trinity. Walther is killed.
Motif References:
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
StrKG-7844:
Turpin fights on with a split head.
Motif References:
W 33.1 Badly wounded warrior continues fighting
F 1096 Person lives on after being cut through by sword
StrKG-7887:
On Turpin’s advice, Ruolant blows Olivant again to give a sign of life. The imperial army increases its speed. Ruolant and Turpin kill so many heathens that they are surrounded by a wall of corpses.
Motif References:
R 187 Horn of Roncevalles. Hero calls aid of waiting soldiers on horn
StrKG-7995:
The heathens flee from the battlefield when hearing the horns of the approaching imperial army.
Motif References:
R 220 Flights
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
StrKG-8011:
Ruolant helps Turpin take off his armor; Turpin’s head falls apart when his helmet is taken off. Ruolant gathers the corpses of the pairs, then tries to get water for his friend, but grieves so much that he has to sit down. Turpin dies. Ruolant kisses him on the mouth.
Motif References:
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
F 1099 Additional marvels
StrKG-8087:
Ruolant is the unique survivor of the battle. He sits down in the shadow of a tree, clutches his sword and horn and waits for the imperial army.
Motif References:
Z 356 Unique survivor
StrKG-8110:
A heathen waits for Ruolant’s death – he wants to take his sword and horn to boast of having killed the hero. He smears himself with blood to appear badly wounded; Ruolant kills him with Olivant, which splits.
Motif References:
K 1821 Disguise by changing bodily appearance
StrKG-8133:
Ruolant then tries to smash Durndart on the rocks because he does not want it to fall into the heathens’ hands. Durndart is indestructible. Talking to it, Ruolant reveals its story: it is deadly wherever aimed at; many countries and people were defeated with it; it is a unique sword which was brought by an angel to Karl and himself. Sacred relics are enclosed in it.
Motif References:
V 140 Sacred relics
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
V 232.7 Gifts from angels
D 812.10 Magic object received from angel
F 833 Extraordinary sword
F 997.1 Sword is spoken to as human being
D 1081 Magic sword
D 1296 Sacred relic[s] as [part of] magic object
D 1402.7.1 Magic sword kills man
StrKG-8202:
Praying with arms extended as to form a cross, Ruolant takes off his glove to hand it over to God; it is taken by an angel. Ruolant dies.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
Z 150 Other symbols
V 201 God
V 249 Angels – miscellaneous motifs
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
StrKG-8233:
An angel dictates the battle events of Runzevâl to St Gilje, who lives as a hermit in a cave in Provence; this is the only source of the story, as no one survived.
Motif References:
V 226 Saints as hermits
V 246.0.2 Angel dictates (gives) book [law]
StrKG-8253:
Ruolant dies; at the moment of his death, a gleaming light appears in the sky; the earth quakes, there is thunder and lightning, storms tear out trees, the stars appear prematurely.
Motif References:
Q 147 Supernatural manifestations at death of pious person
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
F 960.2.4 Great light appears on night [day] of holy [pious] man’s death
F 960.2.5 Earthquake at death of important person
F 960.2 Extraordinary nature phenomena at death of holy [pious] person (hero)
F 961.2 Extraordinary behavior of stars
F 963 Extraordinary behavior of wind
F 968 Extraordinary thunder and lightning
F 969.3 Marvelous light
F 969.4 Extraordinary earthquake
StrKG-8299:
The Christian warriors perceive the dead warriors on the battlefield. They can not discern Christians from heathens. Karl turns pale, beats his breast, laments loudly with grief. They finally find the corpses of the twelve pairs; Karl kisses them.
Motif References:
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
F 1041.21 Reactions to excessive grief
StrKG-8357:
Only Karl can remove Durndart which Ruolant holds tightly with his right hand. The Christians decide to pursue the fleeing heathens.
Motif References:
P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
E 800 The Corpse
F 1099 Additional marvels
StrKG-8374:
Karl swoons with exhaustion and grief, but his guardian angel comes to comfort him: he must not complain; God wants him to defeat the heathens.
Motif References:
A 182.3 God (angel) speaks to mortal
V 235 Mortal visited by angel
H 927.2 Task assigned by angel on God’s order
StrKG-8390:
Karl prays for a delayed sunset. A miracle occurs: the sun reappears after having set (This resembles the miracle God worked for Jôsuê).
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
V 201 God
N 817.0.1 God as helper
F 960.3 Extraordinary nature phenomena during furious battle
F 961.1.5.2 Sun reappears after being set
StrKG-8437:
The heathens flee to their ships which were destroyed by storms at Ruolant’s death. They drown.
Motif References:
R 220 Flights
StrKG-8494:
Karl’s guardian angel shows him the future in a dream: the sky is open, it is raining fire, people scream, storms and thunder destroy people’s shields; lions, bears and leopards tear away people’s armors, snakes and griffins torment them. A strong lion wants to attack Karl, who kills him with one blow. Bears speak with human voices. Finally, a strange animal tries to attack Karl, but is killed by a dog.
Motif References:
Z 100 Symbolism
V 249 Angels – miscellaneous motifs
M 302.7 Prophecy through dreams
V 515.2 Allegorical visions – political
D 1812.3.3.5 Prophetic dream allegorical
StrKG-8547:
In the meantime, Marsilies has fled to Sarraguz. The heathens destroy their idols on order of Marsilies’s wife Pregmunda, as they did not help in battle.
Motif References:
V 123 Image blamed by suppliant for misfortunes
V 381 Heathen beats his god because of misfortune
StrKG-8587:
Marsilies learns that his seigneur, King Pâligân of Persia, whose help he had asked for, has arrived with 42 of his princes.
Motif References:
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
StrKG-8619:
During a council, Pâligân tells his followers about Marsilies’s call for help (he wrote letters to his seigneur). Pâligân’s vassals swear loyalty in supporting Marsilies.
Motif References:
M 166 Other vows about fighting
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
StrKG-8675:
Two messengers are sent to Marsilies with his glove as a sign of arrival and support.
Motif References:
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
Z 150 Other symbols
P 548 Miscellaneous legal customs [problems]
StrKG-8695:
In Sarragôz, Pâligân’s messengers are confronted with people’s misery because of the defeat; they announce the arrival of military aid, but neither Pregmunda nor Marsilies can be cheered up. The messengers return to Pâligân, who has an army prepared for the battle against Karl’s weakened warriors.
Motif References:
StrKG-8816:
Pâligân visits Pregmunda, who falls at his feet and tells him about her sorrows. He takes her under his coat to comfort her and promises revenge for the Christians’ misdeeds. Then they join the dying Marsilie. Pâligân leaves him under tears and kisses Pregmunda farewell.
Motif References:
Z 150 Other symbols
StrKG-8929:
Christ sends a cross to Karl, who is fearful because of his prophetic dreams.
Motif References:
V 140 Sacred relics
V 211 Christ
StrKG-8941:
When Karl returns to the battlefield to bury the dead, two of Pâligân’s messengers demand submission and payment of tribute from him. Karl gets furious and strokes his beard. He declares war; the Christian army prepares for battle.
Motif References:
StrKG-9115:
Karl hands Olivant and Durndart to Rapote and Wineman.
Motif References:
Z 201 (Bm) Famous possessions of hero
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
StrKG-9133:
Battle formations are arranged.
Motif References:
P 552 Battle formations
StrKG-9197:
Oygier of Denmark lives as a hostage at Karl’s court, but is kept like his own child.
Motif References:
P 533.1 Hostages
StrKG-9315:
The Christian banner shows Christ in a golden, flaming wreath, with St Peter at his feet.
Motif References:
P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols – coat-of-arms
P 550 Military affairs
StrKG-9330:
Karl prays that God help the Christians as he helped Jonah, who was saved from the whale on third day, the three boys in the fire-oven, Daniel, whom he saved from the lion, St Peter, whom he saved from drowning, St Johann, whom he saved from being poisoned and burned.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
StrKG-9382:
The sign of identification of the Christian warriors is their beard pulled out of their armor. This has been a custom until shaving came into fashion.
Motif References:
P 551 Army
StrKG-9391:
In the meantime, a Syrian spy reports the Christians’ eagerness for combat to Pâligân. He spent some time in the Christian army camp, behaving and praying like a Christian.
Motif References:
P 557.0.2 (Li) Spy. Messenger
K 1835 Disguise for spying
K 2357.0.1 Disguise to spy on enemy
StrKG-9423:
Pâligân prepares for battle; the name of his sword is the heathen war-cry: “Preciosâ”.
Motif References:
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
P 557 Military customs
StrKG-9487:
Pâligân gives over his reign to his son on the battlefield.
Motif References:
P 17.0.2 Son succeeds father as king
StrKG-9497:
The battle formations of the heathen army are arranged.
Motif References:
P 552 Battle formations
StrKG-9527:
Among the warriors are people of Mers with hog’s bristles.
Motif References:
F 521.1 Man covered with hair like animal
F 555 Remarkable hair
StrKG-9622:
Pâligân swears to punish desertion. He has his banner erected on a cart drawn by oxen. It shows the golden image of a dragon which acts as if living when animated by wind.
Motif References:
P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols – coat-of-arms
M 150 Other vows and oaths
P 550 Military affairs
F 855.2 Statues animated by water or wind
StrKG-9652:
The heathens pray to their three idols for victory.
Motif References:
V 1.11 Worship of idols
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
StrKG-9684:
The battle begins. “Munschoy” is the Christian, “Preciosâ” the heathen war-cry. A furious battle begins; sparks fly from sword-blows.
Motif References:
V 301 (Li) Heathens and Christians
V 350 Conflicts between religions
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 551 Army
P 557 Military customs
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
StrKG-9748:
Karl’s wields his famous sword Joyôse.
Motif References:
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
StrKG-9785:
Wineman fights with Durndart, which is deadly wherever aimed at. Many heathens, but also many Christians die.
Motif References:
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
F 833 Extraordinary sword
D 1081 Magic sword
D 1402.7.1 Magic sword kills man
StrKG-10016:
A lone survivor of the heathen army reports great losses to Pâligân.
Motif References:
Z 356 Unique survivor
StrKG-10035:
Pâligân comes to the battlefield with his army.
Motif References:
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
StrKG-10083:
Karl, perceiving the heathen army, prays for help and a belated sunset.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
StrKG-10100:
Single combat between Pâligân and Karl during which Karl tries to convert his opponent to his faith. When the fight reaches its climax, the emperor becomes weak. When Pâligân cuts off some of Karl’s hair with his helmet, the heathens believe that Karl is going to be defeated. (10260)
Motif References:
V 350 Conflicts between religions
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
StrKG-10267:
A voice from heaven prophesies that Pâligân and the heathens are already doomed and will be defeated with God’s help. Karl grows stronger and cuts off Pâligân’s head.
Motif References:
M 323 Prophecy: victory against great odds
V 550 (Bm) Voice from heaven
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
N 819.7 (Bm) Voice from heaven encourages hero
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)
StrKG-10296:
A miracle occurs: God sends light, the Christians do not feel heat and weakness anymore, get stronger and kill many heathens.
Motif References:
V 201 God
N 817.0.1 God as helper
F 960.3 Extraordinary nature phenomena during furious battle
F 969.3 Marvelous light
StrKG-10308:
Karl jumps on his horse without using the stirrups.
Motif References:
W 32 Bravery
StrKG-10318:
Streams of blood flow on the battlefield. Many heathens are killed when fleeing to their ships.
Motif References:
R 220 Flights
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
StrKG-10333:
When Marsilies learns about the defeat, he dies from grief and terror. Pregmunda laments that he dies as a heathen.
Motif References:
F 1041.1.3 Death from sorrow or chagrin
StrKG-10366:
Pregmunda surrenders Sarragôz to Karl, falling at his feet. She converts to Christianity and is baptized Juliane. She donates a bishopric.
Motif References:
R 75.1 Defeated surrender their city
V 81 Baptism
V 110 Religious buildings [and institutions]
V 331 Conversion to Christianity
V 332 Baptism of heathen
StrKG-10457:
Karl and his followers gather their dead on the battlefield. The warriors who died in the second battle of Runzevâl are easily recognized by the beards they wear outside their armors. They mourn for the dead, and Pregmunda reproaches them with their excessive grieving, as the dead are in heaven by now.
Motif References:
H 79 Recognition by physical attributes – miscellaneous
P 551 Army
StrKG-10486:
All dead are buried. The dead nobles are entombed in three marble coffins which are brought to St Rômâne, where the relics still are a famous pilgrims’ destination: ill and sinful people are healed there.
Motif References:
V 69.1 All dead are buried after battle
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
V 113.0.1 Miracles at shrine [heroes’ grave]
V 140 Sacred relics
V 153 (Hi) Heroes’ grave
Z 200 Heroes
F 959 Marvelous cures – miscellaneous
StrKG-10505:
Karl returns to Ruolant’s corpse, kisses him and cries over him. His followers swoon with grief for the dead Christians.
Motif References:
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
StrKG-10607:
Karl mourns for the dead and cries tears of blood. He prays for his and other warriors’ salvation. The stone he sits on is still wet from his blood-tears. Many of his followers swoon with grief.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
F 809 Other extraordinary stones
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
F 1041.21.1.1 Tears of blood from excessive grief
StrKG-10675:
Juliane reproaches them with their excessive grieving; the warriors are in heaven now as martyrs. Karl is helped from his stone; he has to behave due to his rank so as to be an example for the people.
Motif References:
StrKG-10720:
Other Christian warriors who can be discerned from the heathens’ corpses are buried in a large grave. Only Turpin, Olivier, Ruolant are wrapped in silk clothes, sewn up in stags’ skins and buried with herbs and spices.
Motif References:
V 69 Funeral rites – miscellaneous
V 69.1 All dead are buried after battle
Z 292.1 (Bm) Hero’s corpse embalmed
P 683 (Bm) Embalming
StrKG-10770:
Karl orders to pray for a miracle to be able to discern the other Christians from the heathen corpses.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
StrKG-10844:
God answers their prayer: a bramble has grown through the heathens, fixing them to the earth, signifying that their souls are lost. A white flower has grown next to each dead Christian’s head, signifying their salvation.
Motif References:
Z 142 Symbolic color: white
Z 150 Other symbols
H 192 Recognition by supernatural manifestation
V 201 God
V 520 Salvation
E 800 The Corpse
N 817.0.1 God as helper
F 960.2 Extraordinary nature phenomena at death of holy [pious] person (hero)
StrKG-10894:
The Christians who were already buried are exhumed to entomb them with the others. During the burial, a miracle occurs: the sick are cured.
Motif References:
V 113.0.1 Miracles at shrine [heroes’ grave]
V 153 (Hi) Heroes’ grave
Z 200 Heroes
F 959 Marvelous cures – miscellaneous
StrKG-10934:
Karl has a hospice erected at that place, which is taken over by Juliane.
Motif References:
V 110 Religious buildings [and institutions]
StrKG-10961:
Karl founds a church in the place where Ruolant died.
Motif References:
V 111.5 (Bm) Church [cloister] built in hero’s [fallen warriors’] honor
StrKG-10967:
On his return, Karl donates a cloister to St Johann in Ruolant’s and his followers’ names.
Motif References:
V 118 Monasteries [cloisters, abbeys, nunneries]
StrKG-10977:
Karl sends four men to Viane to inform Margrave Gerhart about their arrival and to bring him and Alite, Olivier’s sister and Ruolant’s fiancée, who was orphaned at an early age and accepted as a child by Gerhart and his wife. The messengers are told to bring them only good news. Alite tearfully takes leave from her foster-mother and kisses her goodbye. The following day, Karl tells them the truth about the battle-events under tears. He offers to marry Alite to his son.
Motif References:
P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
StrKG-11205:
Alite refuses to marry Karl’s son and prays for death. Her prayer is answered and she dies, which is seen as a sign of her holiness. Gerhart donates his wealth to God, as there are no heirs left. Alite is buried in a nunnery nearby.
Motif References:
V 50 Prayer
V 59 Prayers answered – miscellaneous
T 81.7 Woman dies on hearing of lover’s or husband’s death
V 520 Salvation
F 1041.1.2.2 Woman dies on hearing of her husband’s [lover’s, fiancé’s] death
StrKG-11287:
In the meantime, Genelun escaped his guards with the help of his kinsmen. He flees into a nearby forest.
Motif References:
R 211 Escape from prison
StrKG-11332:
There, he meets twelve merchants whom he tells that he is unjustly pursued, so that they give wrong directions to his pursuers. Margrave Otte believes them and gives up pursuit.
Motif References:
P 431 Merchant
K 646 Fugitive’s confederate misdirects pursuer
N 851 Merchant as helper
StrKG-11395:
Karl is very angry with Otte, who falls in disgrace and is deprived of all his goods and fiefs and treated like a traitor. He leaves court and advises his vassals to stay with Karl to prove his innocence.
Motif References:
U 10 Justice and injustice
P 12 Character of kings
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
Q 380 Deeds punished – miscellaneous
Q 494 Loss of social position as punishment
StrKG-11545:
Otte finds Genelun sleeping under a tree. A furious single combat starts between Otte and Genelun; Otte’s followers manage to overcome Genelun, who is fettered and brought to Karl.
Motif References:
R 350 Recapture of fugitive
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
StrKG-11610:
Karl rehabilitates Otte; the imperial army returns to Aachen, where a law court shall take place.
Motif References:
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
StrKG-11668:
Genelun is brought before the law court. His kinsmen try to evade his death-sentence, but Karl says that he would rather retire than let Genelun live. Genelun justifies his deed with his declaration of feud.
Motif References:
P 510 Law courts
StrKG-11782:
Pinabel, one of Genelun’s kin, a strong and tall man, proposes a single combat as an ordeal to prove Genelun’s innocence. Dietrich from Ruolant’s kin, though not very strong and rather small, represents Karl’s side. He repeats the accusation and is sure to win with God’s help, like David defeated Goliath.
Motif References:
P 556.0.1 (Bm) Challenge to single combat [feud]
StrKG-11850:
Thirty hostages are provided as legal security on each side; they are meant to die with the one who is defeated. Karl orders that everyone pray for Dietrich’s victory.
Motif References:
P 524 Legal security
StrKG-11895:
Judicial single combat takes place in a circle.
Motif References:
P 557.4 Customs concerning single combat
StrKG-11936:
Judicial combat between Dietrich and Pinabel. Dietrich fights with the sword Durndart; he wounds Pinabel, who offers surrender, which Dietrich refuses.
Motif References:
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
H 218 Trial by combat
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
StrKG-12056:
Dietrich finally defeats Pinabel. He cuts off his head, impales it on a lance and brings it to Karl.
Motif References:
L 311 Weak (small) [young] hero overcomes large fighter
P 555.2.1.1 “Publication of slaying”. Heads of slain enemies displayed
StrKG-12121:
After the council, the hostages on Pinabel’s side shall be beheaded.
Motif References:
R 51.4 Prisoner[s] [hostages, messengers] massacred [killed]
P 524 Legal security
StrKG-12126:
Genelun’s punishment fits his crime: he is quartered.
Motif References:
Q 236 Punishment for deceiving (divine) emperor
Q 261 Treachery punished
Q 416 Punishment: drawing asunder by horses [quartering]
Q 589 Punishment fitted to crime – miscellaneous
StrKG-12155:
Karl punishes Genelun’s kin.
Motif References:
P 242 Children punished for fathers’ sins
|