Nibelungenlied (1191/1204)
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Heroic Epic
Nibelungenlied (1191/1204)
Batts, M.S.(ed.): Das Nibelungenlied. Paralleldruck der Handschriften A, B und C. Tübingen 1971.
NL-1:
In Burgundy, a noble maiden grows up; in all the lands she has no equal. She is called Kriemhild; she becomes a beautiful woman, for whose sake many a knight must lose his life. Bold knights strive for her. Her peerless body is beautiful beyond degree and her courtly virtues would have fit other women too.
Motif References:
F 575.1 Remarkably beautiful woman
NL-2:
Kriemhild has three brothers. Three kings, noble and mighty, Gunther and Gernot, warriors worthy of praise, and Giselher, the youth, a chosen knight. Their realm is the Burgundian kingdom. Great marvels they performed hereafter in Etzel’s land. At Worms upon the Rhine, they dwell with all their power. Proud knights from out their lands serve them with honor, until their end has come. Thereafter they die grievously, through the hate of two noble ladies.
Motif References:
P 253.0.3 One sister and three (four) brothers
NL-3:
The best of warriors owe allegiance to the Burgundian kings: Hagen of Troneg, his brother Dankwart, the brave; Ortwin of Metz; Gere and Eckewart, the margraves; Folker of Alzei, endued with strength. Rumolt, master of the kitchen, the lords Sindolt and Hunolt, liegemen of these three kings, have rule of the court and of its honors. Dankwart is marshal; his nephew, Ortwin, seneschal to the king; Sindolt is cupbearer, Hunolt serves as chamberlain;
Motif References:
NL-4:
Motif References:
Z 100 Symbolism
M 302.7 Prophecy through dreams
T 311.0.1 Woman’s aversion to marriage motivated through a dream
M 341 Death prophesied
D 1812.3.3.5 Prophetic dream allegorical
D 1812.3.3.0.4 (Bm) Interpretation of dream by second party
D 1812.3.3.9.1 (Bm) Dream of future reveals husband’s death
NL-5:
In the Netherlands there grows the child of a noble king (his father is named Siegemund, his mother Siegelind), in a mighty castle, known far and wide, in the lowlands of the Rhine, Xanten. He is free of every blemish, strong and famous. He receives great honors and the stateliest women hold him in their love;
Motif References:
NL-6:
The king invites many valiant men, for the midsummer festival, at which Siegfried is to be dubbed a knight.
Motif References:
P 53 (Bm) Obtaining knighthood
NL-7:
After mass the people storm forward, as the youths are made knights. A tournament is held. At length the host bids cease the tournament and the steeds are led away. Siegfried receives land and castles from his father’s hand. In order to propitiate the nobles, Siegelind distributes gold among the guests.
Motif References:
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
P 634 Feasts
NL-8:
Siegfried hears tales of a beautiful maiden in Burgundy, from whom he thereafter would gain much of joy, but suffering, too. Her beauty out of measure is famous everywhere. Many have heard of her beauty and noble mind so that many guests travel to Gunther’s court. However many are wooing for her love. Relatives and liegemen advise young Siegfried, that he woo one who is his peer. He demands twelve warriors upon the way.
Motif References:
T 11.1.1 Beauty of woman reported to king causes quest for her as his bride
W 32 Bravery
T 50.1 Girl carefully guarded from suitors
Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
H 1381.3.1.2 Quest for bride for oneself
NL-9:
Shining breastplates and all the costly armor are prepared for Siegfried’s departure. Their steeds are fair and their trappings red with gold. Siegfried asks for leave to journey to the land of Burgundy; the king and queen sorrowfully vouchsafe.
Motif References:
NL-10:
Siegfried arrives in Worms. Knights and servants welcome the guests, take their shields and want to lead the horses away, but Siegfried has them leave the horses outside because he intends to depart soon. Everywhere the folk gapes amazed and many of Gunther’s men rush forward to meet them. Highborn warriors, both knight and squire, take them to the lords and receive these guests, take the black sumpters which bear the shields and lead away the horses.
Motif References:
NL-11:
None knows them in the Burgundian land. The king wonders where these noble warriors in such shining array, with such good shields, both new and broad, come from. Then Ortwin of Metz advises to send for Hagen, who would be able to identify the guests because he knows many countries. Hagen sees Siegfried and his men out of a window.
Motif References:
P 14.15.1 (Old, wise) Counselor of court [King’s council]
NL-12:
Hagen relates how Siegfried has won the Nibelung hoard and killed Schilbung and Nibelung: one day, Siegfried met many men who were gathering round the Nibelung hoard, which they had taken out of a mountain. The two kings Schilbung and Nibelung appealed to Siegfried to divide the treasure equally between them and gave him the sword Balmung for his service.
Motif References:
Q 114.3 Sword as reward
Q 114.0.1 Gifts made to advisor [umpire]
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
N 630 Accidental acquisition of treasure or money
F 721.4 Underground treasure chambers
NL-13:
Siegfried did not comply with their request and the kings got angry. Siegfried defeated twelve bold and mighty giants in wrath, and seven hundred warriors from the Nibelung land he vanquished with the good sword Balmung and soon made the land and its castles subject to his hand.
Motif References:
F 531.6.12.6 Giant slain by man
F 628.2.3 Strong man kills giant
F 628.2.1 Strong man kills many men at once
H 1561.6 Test of valor: fight with giant [warrior, dwarf-hero, dragon etc.]
NL-14:
Siegfried defeated both the mighty kings, but soon Alberich pressed him. The latter hoped to avenge his masters, but then discovered Siegfried’s mighty strength; Siegfried won from Alberich the Cloak of Darkness and ordered to put the Nibelung hoard back into the mountain. He appointed Alberich as treasurer and compelled him to swear an oath of allegiance. Thus, Siegfried had become master of the hoard.
Motif References:
M 100.0.1 (Li) Oath of allegiance
F 451.5.1.7 Dwarfs serve mortals
F 451.3.3.8 Dwarfs made invisible by magic caps [cloaks]
F 451.7 Possessions of dwarfs
F 451.8.2 Proper names for dwarfs
D 862 Magic object taken away by force [recovered by fighting]
D 1053 Magic mantle (cloak)
D 1361.12 Magic cloak of invisibility
D 1980 Magic invisibility
NL-15:
Hagen tells the story how Siegfried killed a dragon and bathed in its blood, which made his skin like horn (only B), and rendered him invulnerable. Moreover, Hagen mentions that Siegfried is a powerful king’s son. The Burgundians decide to welcome this famous guest with all honors. Gunther goes out to meet Siegfried and welcomes him.
Motif References:
B 11.11 Fight with dragon
B 11.2.13 Blood of dragon
F 521 Person with unusual covering
F 558 Man covered with horn
D 1016 Magic blood of animal
D 1344 Magic object gives invulnerability
D 1788 Magic results from bathing
D 1846.4 Invulnerability through bathing in dragon’s blood
NL-16:
Gunther asks Siegfried about the purpose of his visit. Siegfried answers that he has heard much about Gunther’s brave liegemen and the king’s own bravery. He challenges Gunther to a duel, demanding his crown and land.
Motif References:
H 217.5 (Bm) Single combat to decide who shall rule land
P 556.0.1 (Bm) Challenge to single combat [feud]
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor
NL-17:
Gunther’s companions become enraged because of Siegfried’s unjustified challenge to battle. Siegfried grows very angry about the companions’ disrespectful words. Ortwin of Metz calls loudly for swords. He is Hagen of Troneg’s nephew. It rues the king that he has held his peace so long. Then Gernot, the bold and lusty knight intervenes and orders his men to keep silent.
Motif References:
P 557.4 Customs concerning single combat
NL-18:
Soon Siegfried is mollified. They take accommodation in the best of hostels and all begin to enjoy their stay. Whenever the lords and their liegemen play at knightly games, Siegfried is the best, whatever they begin. When knights make merry with the ladies, they are glad to see the hero of Netherlands. Whenever the pages, squires, and knights play their games within the court, Kriemhild, the noble queen, watches them from the windows. Siegfried stays for a full year in Gunther’s land, and in all this time, he does not see the lovely maiden.
Motif References:
NL-19:
The Saxon king Liudegêr and the Danish king Liudegast send messengers to challenge the Burgundians to battle. They announce to attack in twelve weeks time in case the Burgundians do not surrender. The envoys say that Gunther has many a valiant man-at-arms and mighty Siegfried, a hero from the Netherlands. Liudegast dislikes the tidings and both kings gather a mighty army: 20,000 knights from among his valiant men. Then King Liudegêr, also of Saxon land, sent forth his summons, until they had 40,000 men and more, with whom they thought to ride to the Burgundian land. Likewise, King Gunther summons men-at-arms among his kin and the liegemen of his brothers, and among Hagen’s men. Folker bears the flag. Hagen of Troneg is master of the troop; with them rides Sindolt and Hunolt, Dankwart, Hagen’s brother, and Ortwin.
Motif References:
P 550.1.3 (Tu) Declaration of war
NL-20:
Gunther consults his friends. Hagen suggests telling Siegfried about the challenge and asking him for military aid.
Motif References:
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
NL-21:
Siegfried becomes aware of Gunther’s desperate mood. Gunther states that he will disclose the reason for his distress only to a loyal friend. Siegfried, taken aback, turns pale and red and replies that he considers himself such a friend. He offers his help and considers 1000 warriors and the help of Hagen, Ortwin, Dankwart, Sindolt and Volker enough to overcome 30,000 enemies.
Motif References:
F 1041.11.2 Man turns pale, red, blue, etc. from emotion or strain
NL-22:
Messengers bring Gunther’s answer (Burgundians take up the challenge) to Denmark. The Danes are afraid of Siegfried and gather 20,000 warriors and the Saxons convene 40,000 men. Siegfried advises Gunther to stay home.
Motif References:
P 12 Character of kings
P 14 Particular practices of kings
P 551 Army
NL-23:
Burgundians move through Hessia to Saxony, pillaging and scorching enemy land. Dankwart and Ortwin take care of the rearguard and Siegfried rides on ahead to explore the enemy’s stronghold. Liudegast who has left his army camp meets Siegfried.
Motif References:
P 557.0.2 (Li) Spy. Messenger
NL-24:
In the ensuing single combat, they attack each other first with lances on their horses, then with swords on foot. Liudegast finally begs Siegfried to spare his life and offers his lands in return. Siegfried takes Liudegast hostage and puts him under Hagen’s guard.
Motif References:
R 5 Capture on field of battle
P 533.1 Hostages
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 628.2.1 Strong man kills many men at once
NL-25:
A furious battle between the armies begins At last, Siegfried finds Liudegêr before his men-at-arms. Three times he traverses the Saxon army and when Hagen comes, many good knights must die this day.
Motif References:
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
NL-26:
As Liudegêr identifies Siegfried by a crown painted on his shield, he orders his men to surrender and put down the banner. The Burgundians take Liudegêr and 500 warriors as hostages.
Motif References:
R 75 Surrendering
P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols – coat-of-arms
H 126 Identification by coat of arms
Z 150 Other symbols
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)
NL-27:
Sir Gernot sends messengers home to Worms in his native landto report the victory. Noble ladies question the messengers, how it has fared with the liegemen of the mighty king. One of the messengers goes secretly to Kriemhild to report.
Motif References:
P 14.15.2 Court messenger
NL-28:
When Kriemhild hears how well Siegfried has fared, she is very pleased and gives gold and garments to the messengers. Soon the brave warriors return to Burgundian land.
Motif References:
NL-29:
Gunther announces to release Liudegast and Liudegêr but the other hostages should guarantee the peace. Liudegêr proffers his hand to confirm the peace-convention.
Motif References:
W 11.5 Generosity toward enemy
NL-30:
Gernot suggests allowing warriors to return home and celebrate a feast together with them after six weeks. Siegfried wants to depart as well but the kings hold him back with the promise to see Kriemhild. Siegfried denies any reward for his support in battle.
Motif References:
NL-31:
Upon a Whitsun morning, 5000 or more brave men come to the high festal tide. The host becomes aware of Siegfried’s love for his sister, alhough he has never seen her. The knight Ortwin begs the king to let them see the charming ladies, who live in such high honors here in Burgundy. Ortwîn suggests inviting Kriemhild as well.
Motif References:
P 634 Feasts
NL-32:
Soon one sees the noble Ute coming with her child and 100 fair ladies. Siegfried feels both joy and pain and his color comes and goes.
Motif References:
T 24.5 Boy [girl] turns red and white from love
T 34 Lovers meet at social gathering
F 575.1 Remarkably beautiful woman
F 575.2 Handsome man
F 1041.11.2 Man turns pale, red, blue, etc. from emotion or strain
NL-33:
Gernot suggests that Kriemhild may greet and welcome Siegfried. With lovely grace, she greets Siegfried who blushes. From whatever land the guests have come, all gaze alike upon this pair alone. She then obeys and kisses him, to whom no such delight has ever happened in this world.
Motif References:
NL-34:
Gunther gives precious presents to his guests. The Danes seek reconciliation and offer to Gunther as much gold as 500 horses could carry. Gunther follows Siegfried’s advice to release the hostages without ransom. Siegfried now likewise wants to take his leave, because he doubts to win Kriemhild. Giselher, the youth, wins him from the journey.
Motif References:
NL-35:
Giselher persuades him to stay by promising him to see the court’s noble women and his sister Kriemhild. According to this promise, Siegfried meets Kriemhild every day. With many pastimes, they while the hours away, but still her love constrains him and often gives him pain.
Motif References:
NL-36:
New tidings come across the Rhine. Rumors have it that in distant lands many fair maidens dwell. Gunther thinks to win him one of these, a queen beyond the sea, beautiful and extraordinarily strong. He who craves her love must win three games from this highborn dame. One day Gunther tells his advisors that he has set his mind on Brunhild. For her love, he will risk his life and will gladly lose it if she does not become his wife.
Motif References:
T 11.1.1 Beauty of woman reported to king causes quest for her as his bride
T 58 Wooing the strong and beautiful bride
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
T 311.4 Maiden queen prefers to fight instead of marrying
H 345 Suitor test: overcoming princess in strength
Q 421 Punishment: beheading
F 565.1 Amazons. Women warriors
F 610.0.1 Remarkably strong woman
H 901 Tasks imposed on pain of death
NL-37:
Hagen advises to beg Siegfried to share this heavy task since he knows well how matters stand with Brunhild. Siegfried promises to do it, if he gives him his sister Kriemhild, the noble queen. Gunther pledges it in his hand, that if fair Brunhild comes to his land, he will give him his sister as a wife. The noble warriors swear oaths to do as considered.
Motif References:
T 66 Help in wooing
M 149 Vows concerning sex – miscellaneous
M 249.1 (Bm) Bargain: marriage in return for help in achieving task
NL-38:
(in C about nature of dwarfs: they usually live in mountains and own magic cloaks) Siegfried takes Alberich’s cloak with him that renders him both invisible and gives the strength of twelve men. He turns down an offer of 30,000 men and chooses to set out with only three companions: Gunther, Hagen and Dankwart. Kriemhild receives Gunther and Siegfried who ask her to take care of the clothing.
Motif References:
Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
F 451.4.1.11 Dwarfs live in hills and mountains
D 1053 Magic mantle (cloak)
D 1335 Object gives magic strength
D 1830 Magic strength
NL-39:
Kriemhild bids thirty of her maidens who are skilled in such work. They have well-wrought linings from the skin of foreign fish, which they cover now with silk. From the kingdom of Morocco and from Libya, too, they have great store of the fairest silks. The ladies’ goal was reached: in seven weeks they work the robes.
Motif References:
F 821 Extraordinary dress (clothes, robe, etc.)
NL-40:
Siegfried promises to protect Gunther and the four men depart. Before landing at Îsenstein, Brunhild’s castle, Siegfried instructs his companions to maintain the fiction that he is Gunther’s vassal.
Motif References:
H 1381.3.1.1 Quest for bride for king (prince)
K 1812 King in disguise
K 1816 Disguise as menial
NL-41:
Gunther notices several maidens standing in the castle’s windows. Siegfried asks which one he would choose to marry and without hesitation, Gunther decides on Brunhild albeit he has never seen her before. The Burgundians disembark.
Motif References:
NL-42:
The ladies observe how Siegfried leads a horse out on the sand, by the bridle he holds the steed, until King Gunther has sat in the saddle. Thus, Siegfried serves him. They ride to Brunhild’s hall, their saddles set with precious stones.
Motif References:
P 632 Customs concerning recognition of rank
NL-43:
They see 86 towers within, three broad palaces, and one hall of costly marble, green as grass, where Brunhild herself sits with her courtiers. The castle is unlocked and the gates wide open. Brunhild’s men hurry to meet them and welcome the strangers into their mistress’s land. Hagen refuses to unarm but Siegfried exhorts him to follow the custom.
Motif References:
P 600 Customs
J 670 Forethought in defences against others
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
NL-44:
Brunhild, the queen asks her courtiers who these unknown knights, who came to her castle, are. One of her courtiers recognizes Siegfried and advises to greet him. Brunhild sends for her attire. If the mighty Siegfried has come to this land through her love, he will risk his life. She does not fear him so much, that she should become his wife. Brunhild greets Siegfried first, who hastens to explain that he does not deserve the honor, being only Gunther’s vassal, and that he must be greeted after the king. Siegfried reveals the purpose of their journey. Brunhild informs them that Gunther has to win the competitions; otherwise, all four knights would be killed.
Motif References:
P 632 Customs concerning recognition of rank
NL-45:
The queen demands her good armor for the strife: a breastplate of ruddy gold and a good shield. Meanwhile the Icelanders receive the foreigners with battle cries. Dankwart and Hagen stand ill at ease; meanwhile, Siegfried goes to the ship, where he puts on his magic cloak and becomes invisible. He hurries back and goes secretly to the battleground. The ring has been marked out. More than seven hundred observers are bearing arms, which are to say who won the game.
Motif References:
P 63 (Bm) Lady in armor (and battle)
NL-46:
Four servants bring Brunhild’s shield and three men her heavy spear. Hagen and Dankwart now regret being deprived of their weapons and Brunhild orders to bring weapons and armor for them.
Motif References:
F 834 Extraordinary spear
F 839.2 Extraordinary shield
NL-47:
Twelve knights bring a heavy stone and lay it down inside the circle. Competition starts: Brunhild throws her spear that penetrates Gunther’s shield. Invisible Siegfried takes the spear and throws it back but with its end first. Brunhild stumbles from his mighty spear-cast.
Motif References:
K 1 Contest won by magic
K 3 Substitute in contest
K 70 Contest in strength won by deception
H 332.1.1 Suitor test: duel with bride
H 987 Task performed with aid of magic object
D 1830 Magic strength
K 1840 Deception by substitution
NL-48:
Motif References:
K 17 Jumping contest won by deception
K 18 Throwing contest won by deception
P 28 Marriage of queen
NL-49:
Brunhild intends to send for her vassals and relatives before she follows Gunther. Hagen worries about the big army she is going to assemble. Siegfried leaves Iceland to gather 1000 warriors from his country.
Motif References:
J 623 Prevention of hostility by inspiring fear in enemy
NL-50:
With the help of his magic cloak, Siegfried rows so quickly to the Nibelungenland as if a strong wind moved the boat. At one of his castles, Siegfried provokes a fight with the giant guard (who bears an iron bar as weapon), not revealing his identity. Siegfried overcomes and fetters the giant and is content with his strength and watchfulness.
Motif References:
F 531.6.10.2 (Bm) Giant as porter
F 531.4.5.2 Giant with iron bar as weapon
F 639.4 Strong man overcomes giant
F 771.5.2 Castle guarded by giants (ogres)
D 1053 Magic mantle (cloak)
H 1556.0.2 Test of fidelity (loyalty) of guard
D 1830 Magic strength
NL-51:
Alberich fights with Siegfried, bearing a golden scourge as weapon. Siegfried overcomes the dwarf and reveals his identity.
Motif References:
H 194 (Bm) Recognition only through direct revelation of identity
F 451.7 Possessions of dwarfs
F 451.3.8 Dwarfs are strong
F 451.2.3.1 Long-bearded dwarf
NL-52:
Siegfried unfetters giant and dwarf and sends for his warriors. He takes 1000 of them to Iceland. (Addition in C: Siegfried is able to sustain so many knights because the Nibelung hoard never diminishes, no matter how much is withdrawn.)
Motif References:
F 899 Other extraordinary objects
NL-53:
Brunhild welcomes Siegfried. On Brunhild’s request, Dankwart offers his services to distribute gold and silver among the guests; he is so generous that Brunhild fears to lose all her property (only B). She asks to take twenty chests of gold and clothes with her. She entrusts her uncle with her land and leaves with Gunther. She would not let her husband court her on the way; this pleasure was deferred until their wedding-tide in the castle, their home, at Worms. During the journey, Brunhild refuses intercourse with him.
Motif References:
T 133 Travel to wedding
NL-54:
Hagen suggests sending a messenger to Worms and proposes Siegfried, who rides with 24 men-at-arms to Worms; when he comes without the king, the courtiers grieve; they fear their master’s death. However, Siegfried comforts them telling them the good news.
Motif References:
P 14.15.2 Court messenger
NL-55:
Kriemhild hesitates to reward Siegfried for bringing the message because he possesses too much wealth for a monetary reward.
Motif References:
NL-56:
The Burgundians prepare everything for the king’s arrival and the wedding feast. From every side of the land now the relatives of these three kings arrive.
Motif References:
T 132 Preparation for wedding
NL-57:
Gunther and Brunhild arrive in Worms. Kriemhild and Ute welcome Brunhild. Gunther and his guests come from the boats; he himself leads Brunhild by the hand. Lady Kriemhild walks in courtly manner to meet Dame Brunhild and her train.
Motif References:
NL-58:
People gather beneath beautiful tents and pavilions. The guests take part in the mounted games and pierce shields in many royal jousts. Siegfried and his knights ride many a turn before the tents. He leads a thousand Nibelungs. Then Hagen of Troneg appears and gently parts the jousting.
Motif References:
T 136.1 Wedding feast
P 634 Feasts
NL-59:
During a meal, Siegfried reminds Gunther of his vow to marry his sister to him. Gunther sends for Kriemhild, who agrees with the marriage-arrangement.
Motif References:
P 18 Marriage of kings
T 135 Wedding ceremony
NL-60:
As Siegfried and Kriemhild take seats at the opposite side of the table, Brunhild starts to cry and asks Gunther why he has married Kriemhild to a vassal. Gunther reveals Siegfried’s kingly rank. After the mounted games, the kings and their brides adjourn to their bridal chambers.
Motif References:
T 137.2 Bride and bridegroom conducted to bridal bed
K 2380 (Hi) Detection of treachery or deceit
NL-61:
In her wedding chamber, Gunther tries to embrace Brunhild, but she refuses to have him near her. As Gunther even tries to force her, she fetters him with her belt and hangs him on a peg in the wall. In the morning, Brunhild releases him.
Motif References:
T 172 Dangers to husband in bridal chamber
Q 499 Other humiliating punishments
F 610.0.1 Remarkably strong woman
NL-62:
Gunther bitterly complains to Siegfried, who promises to subdue Brunhild in Gunther’s place with the help of his magic cloak, without having intercourse with her.
Motif References:
D 1053 Magic mantle (cloak)
K 1844.1 Husband has his strong servant substitute in bed with strong wife
NL-63:
At night, while Kriemhild is asleep, Siegfried slips into Brunhild’s chamber and extinguishes the lights. Siegfried struggles with Brunhild and overcomes her. Before Siegfried leaves, he secretly takes ring and girdle from Brunhild. Afterwards Gunther consummates the marriage.
Motif References:
K 300 Thefts and cheats – general
F 610.0.1 Remarkably strong woman
NL-64:
During mass, both couples receive royal garments, crowns and blessing More than 600 young men attend the dubbing; to the kings and the momentous occasion, mounted games are the best choice.
Motif References:
NL-65:
With her virginity taken, Brunhild loses her extraordinary strength. Siegfried hides ring and belt for the time when he and Kriemhild will reign over their own country (only B). At the end of the feast, the king’s family gives presents to the guests. Siegfried gives away the garments they had brought with them to the Rhine, steeds and saddles, too. Thus ends the wedding feast.
Motif References:
T 300 Chastity and celibacy
D 1714.1 Magic power of chaste women
D 1749 Loss of magic power – miscellaneous
NL-66:
Kriemhild wants to receive her inheritance before her departure. Her brothers offer it to Siegfried, who rejects. Kriemhild asks Hagen and Ortwîn to follow her to Siegfried’s country, but both decline (only B). Only duke Eckewart, 32 maidens and 500 knights follow her.
Motif References:
NL-67:
Kriemhild’s relatives conduct the couple for a long distance and grant them accommodation in their country. Siegfried’s parents welcome the home-comers.
Motif References:
NL-68:
Siegmund cedes his crown, the right of jurisdiction and the land to Siegfried. After ten years of Siegfried’s reign, Kriemhild gives birth to a son, calling him Gunther. Meanwhile Brunhild also has borne a son naming him Siegfried.
Motif References:
P 17.0.2.1 At son’s [daughter’s] wedding [betrothal] king names him [son-in-law] as successor
NL-69:
Brunhild exhorts Gunther to order his vassal Siegfried to appear at court, as vassals are obliged to. Gunther refuses to give orders to Siegfried, but complies to invite him for a feast. He sends messengers to Norway (only B), where Siegfried dwells at the Nibelung court.
Motif References:
NL-70:
Siegfried decides to follow the invitation and Siegmund offers to accompany him. They beg Kriemhild to come with them.
Motif References:
NL-71:
The generously rewarded messengers start out for Worms, where grand preparations for the feast are in progress.
Motif References:
NL-72:
Kriemhild and Siegfried depart leaving their son at home. Their little son Gunther never saw his parents again. Burgundian knights ride out to welcome the guests.
Motif References:
P 634 Feasts
NL-73:
.Many royal jousts take place before the highborn guests. Hagen of Troneg and Ortwin prove their prowess. The guests are entertained well.
Motif References:
NL-74:
The feast continues the next morning: after mass, the jousting continues with mounted games, and the guests enjoy a rich meal.
Motif References:
NL-75:
One day before the vesper time, a great turmoil arises. The queens sit down together and talk of their two worshipful knights. Kriemhild provokes Brunhild by saying that her husband should by right rule over all these kingdoms. Brunhild answers to her that as long as Gunther lives this would never be. Kriemhild grows very angry and promises to go to church before Brunhild.
Motif References:
P 29 Queens – miscellaneous
NL-76:
Kriemhild proposes to prove her husband’s royal rank by entering the church first, before Brunhild. Brunhild addresses Kriemhild in front of the church and forbids her, as a liegeman’s wife, to precede the Burgundian queen.
Motif References:
P 632 Customs concerning recognition of rank
H 1574 Tests of social position
NL-77:
Then Kriemhild insults Brunhild by revealing that it had not been Gunther but Siegfried who had touched her first, calling her a concubine. Brunhild weeps, but Kriemhild delays no longer, but enters the cathedral with her train.
Motif References:
K 2112 Woman slandered as adulteress (prostitute) [concubine]
K 2380 (Hi) Detection of treachery or deceit
NL-78:
After the mass Brunhild demands proof from Kriemhild to verify her assertion. Kriemhild shows her ring and girdle but is accused of having stolen it. Gunther sends for Siegfried, who proposes to take an oath on the fact that he has never disgraced Brunhild.
Motif References:
H 94 Identification by ring
M 105 Equivocal oaths
H 116 Identification by girdle
NL-79:
Hagen notices Brunhild’s grief and vows to avenge her. With Ortwîn and Gernot, he plots Siegfried’s murder and explains his plan to Gunther: messengers should bring a feigned challenge to battle and Gunther accepts it. Siegfried would strive to serve Gunther and Kriemhild reveals his vulnerable spot.
Motif References:
M 166.9 (Bm) Vow to avenge wronged queen
K 960 Other fatal deceits
K 2211.1 Treacherous brother-in-law
NL-80:
Upon the fourth morning, 32 men ride to court and tell Gunther that Liudegêr and Liudegast declare war. Siegfried promises his military aid and begs his father Siegmund to stay at the court. Gunther pretends to be grateful for his support.
Motif References:
NL-81:
Hagen promises Kriemhild to protect Siegfried during the battle. Kriemhild discloses the secret of Siegfried’s vulnerability: blood has rendered Siegfried’s skin invulnerable except for one spot between his shoulder blades where a leaf of a lime tree has lain. Hagen asks Kriemhild to mark the vulnerable spot by sewing a cross on Siegfried’s clothing.
Motif References:
Z 311 Achilles heel
N 476 Secret of unique vulnerability disclosed
K 975 Secret of strength [vulnerability] treacherously discovered
K 2010 Hypocrite pretends friendship but attacks
NL-82:
The next morning Siegfried with a thousand of his men rides forth. He hopes to avenge the grievance of his relatives. Hagen rides so near to him that he can see his clothes. When he notices the sign, he sends in secret two of his men, who should tell that messengers have declared peace. When Siegfried returns to Gunther’s court, the king invites him to a hunt.
Motif References:
K 917 Treacherous murder during hunt
NL-83:
Gunther and his men intend to hunt wild boars, bears and bison at Waskenwalt (C: Otenwald). As Siegfried bids Kriemhild farewell, she remembers her talk with Hagen and tries to dissuade Siegfried from hunting, telling him what she has dreamt the preceding night: two wild boars or two mountains will cause Siegfried’s death.
Motif References:
Z 100 Symbolism
T 299.2 Wife gives wise warning to husband
M 302.7 Prophecy through dreams
M 341 Death prophesied
D 1810.8.3 Warning in dreams
D 1812.3.3.5 Prophetic dream allegorical
D 1812.3.3.9.1 (Bm) Dream of future reveals husband’s death
NL-84:
Gernot and Giselher stay at home (C: 15,923). Hagen suggests a hunting contest: Siegfried takes only one tracker dog with him and shoots many wild animals. He catches a bear alive, binds him to his saddle and brings him to the camp. Many bold knights follow Gunther and his men, but Gernot and Giselher stay at home.
Motif References:
F 628 Strong man as mighty slayer
F 679.5 Skillful hunter
H 1592 Hunting contest
NL-85:
Siegfried owns precious hunting equipment. No one else but him can string his bow. The whole equipment is of high quality and very costly.
Motif References:
F 836 Extraordinary bow
NL-86:
Siegfried catches a bear and binds it quickly, so that it might neither scratch nor bite the men. Then he ties it to his saddle. Through his overweening mood, the bold warrior brings it to the camp and releases it there where it causes so great a confusion that he has to kill it.
Motif References:
NL-87:
The hunters have a meal without anything to drink. Hagen pretends to have sent the servants with the wine to a wrong place. He suggests to Siegfried to go to a nearby spring to satisfy their thirst.
Motif References:
K 839.3 Victim enticed into drinking [by over-salting his food]
NL-88:
Hagen suggests a running contest, which Siegfried wins though he gives Hagen an advantage: he runs armed and starts from lying on the ground. At the spring, he lays down his weapons and waits until Gunther has drunk first.
Motif References:
H 1594 Foot-racing contest
NL-89:
Hagen hides away from Siegfried both bow and sword and takes the spear; then he looks for the mark on Siegfried’s coat. As Siegfried drinks above the spring, he pierces him through the cross. When Siegfried feels the wound, he starts up from the spring in a rage. He hopes to find his bow or his sword, but finds nothing but his shield. This he snatches from the spring and attacks Hagen; although he is mortally wounded, he batters at Hagen with mighty blows, until he falls to the ground. The lethally wounded Siegfried finally stumbles and falls. He accuses the Burgundians of having murdered a loyal friend and relative.
Motif References:
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
F 615.0.1 Death of strong man
K 818.4 Deception by hiding weapons
K 959.4 Murder from behind
NL-90:
Siegfried commends Kriemhild to Gunther’s care before he dies. Burgundians lay his corpse on a shield and decide to tell others that robbers have slain him. (Addition in C: Author mentions a village called Otenheim where the spring is located)
Motif References:
K 2370 Miscellaneous deceptions
NL-91:
The Burgundians return to Worms during the night. Hagen orders to lay down Siegfried’s corpse outside of Kriemhild’s chamber. In the morning, Kriemhild’s chamberlain finds the corpse and Kriemhild knows that it is Siegfried without having seen him yet. She swoons and then cries aloud. The blood gushes from her mouth, from pain of heart; she tells her retinue that Brunhild has counseled this and Hagen has done the deed and swears revenge on Hagen.
Motif References:
T 211.9.1.1 Wife swoons realizing her husband is dead
F 1041.21.1 Illness from excessive grief
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
NL-92:
Kriemhild sends for Siegfried’s knights and Siegmund, who bewail Siegfried together with Kriemhild. They strip off the clothes from his body, wash his wounds and lay him on the bier.
Motif References:
NL-93:
Kriemhild holds Siegmund and his retainers back from taking revenge because of the superiority of Gunther’s men. She promises Siegmund to avenge her husband when the right time has come. A precious coffin holds the corpse disposed in church.
Motif References:
M 161.2 Vow to revenge (king, friends, father, [husband, queen]) (or die)
P 210 Husband and wife
P 525.3 He nearest to blood of slain man must avenge his death [Blood-revenge]
J 612 Wise man considers whom he is attacking
NL-94:
As Gunther and Hagen enter the church, Kriemhild demands an ordeal: when a murderer approaches the corpse, the wounds bleed again. The ordeal clearly proves Hagen’s guilt.
Motif References:
H 220 Ordeals
E 800 The Corpse
D 1318.5.2 Corpse bleeds when murderer touches it
D 1817.0.3 Magic detection of murder
NL-95:
The corpse is laid into a coffin. Kriemhild, priests, monks and Siegfried’s men remain with the corpse for three days and nights, some without eating or drinking. Sacrifices are made for Siegfried’s soul and more than 100 masses said.
Motif References:
V 69 Funeral rites – miscellaneous
Z 71.1.1 Formula: three days and three nights
NL-96:
On the fourth day, the coffin with Siegfried’s corpse is carried to the grave. Kriemhild implores Siegfried’s men to break the coffin open. She kisses her husband one more time and cries tears of blood. Then she swoons from grief.
Motif References:
T 211.9 Excessive grief at husband’s or wife’s death
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
F 1041.21.1.1 Tears of blood from excessive grief
NL-97:
Siegmund invites Kriemhild to follow him and reign over Siegfried’s lands. At the request of her relatives, Kriemhild decides to remain in Worms and entrust her son to Siegmund’s care. Only Giselher accompanies the leaving Nibelungs. Giselher sadly leads them home to Netherlands.
Motif References:
P 200 The family
NL-98:
Eckewart remains in Kriemhild’s service. Kriemhild is inconsolable and spends most of her time praying for Siegfried’s soul. For three and a half years she does neither see nor talk to Gunther or Hagen.
Motif References:
P 361 Faithful servant [vassal]
NL-99:
Hagen suggests seeking reconciliation with Kriemhild in order to get hold of the Nibelung hoard. Ortwîn, Gêre, Gernot and Giselher intervene for Gunther with Kriemhild, who is reconciled with everyone but Hagen. Then Giselher begins to implore.
Motif References:
NL-100:
Kriemhild gains the hoard from the Nibelung land and brings it to the Rhine. It is her marriage morning gift, hers by right. Giselher and Gernot ride to fetch it. Kriemhild orders 8000 men, to bring it from where it lay hidden, guarded by the knight Alberich. The dwarf hands the treasure over to the Burgundians
Motif References:
F 899 Other extraordinary objects
D 1254.2 Magic rod
NL-101:
Kriemhild gains followers with her newly achieved riches. Hagen observes this suspiciously and suggests taking the treasure from her. Reluctantly Gunther gives in as Hagen is willing to take the blame. Hagen steals the keys of the treasure chamber and immerses the hoard in the Rhine at Lôche. The kings and Hagen vow never to disclose the secret about the Rhine treasure. Kriemhild mourns Siegfried for 13 (C: 12) years.
Motif References:
M 150 Other vows and oaths
T 211.9 Excessive grief at husband’s or wife’s death
K 300 Thefts and cheats – general
J 620 Forethought in prevention of others’ plans
J 647 Avoiding enemy’s revenge
NL-102:
Hagen’s plan to be the only one to take advantage of the treasure fails. Ute retires into the cloister which she has donated in Lôrse after Dancrât’s death and persuades Kriemhild to come with her. Kriemhild has Siegfried’s corpse brought to Lôrse, where it still is on display.
Motif References:
P 29 Queens – miscellaneous
W 151 Greed
NL-103:
That was in a time when Lady Helche, Etzel’s wife, has died and his counselors recommend Kriemhild as a suitable second wife. Etzel sends Rüedeger von Bechelâren, a friend of the Burgundians, as wooing emissary to Worms.
Motif References:
T 11.1.1 Beauty of woman reported to king causes quest for her as his bride
P 14.15.1 (Old, wise) Counselors of court [King’s council]
T 51 Wooing by emissary
NL-104:
Etzel offers to provide him with horses and clothes but Rüedeger rejects, regarding it dishonorable to take goods from his king.
Motif References:
W 11 Generosity
L 225.1 (Bm) Messenger refuses reward
NL-105:
On his way to Worms Rüedeger stays in Vienna where clothes are provided for him and in Bechelâren where he is welcomed by his wife Gotelind and his daughter. Gotelind provides her husband and his retinue with beautiful garments.
Motif References:
W 11 Generosity
H 1381.3.1.1 Quest for bride for king (prince)
NL-106:
On the seventh morning Rüedeger and his warriors ride from Bechelaren. Plenty of weapons and clothes they take with them through the Bavarian land. They are not bothered by robbers and within twelve days they reach the Rhine. The king and his liegemen soon learn that guests have come. The king sends for Hagen, if he knows them, but Hagen has never seen the strangers.
Motif References:
NL-107:
Rüedeger relates news from the Hunnish court and reports Etzel’s message of peace and the marriage proposal.
Motif References:
P 310 Friendship
NL-108:
Gunther holds counsel with his relatives. All consent with Kriemhild’s marriage except for Hagen, who fears her vengeance. The kings pay no heed to Hagen’s warning.
Motif References:
J 647 Avoiding enemy’s revenge
J 652 Inattention to warnings
NL-109:
Kriemhild first rejects Etzel’s proposal but receives Rüedeger the next morning. After 13 years, she still mourns Siegfried.
Motif References:
T 211 Faithfulness to marriage in death
NL-110:
Rüedeger proposes in King Etzel’s name, emphasizing Kriemhild’s future power and Kriemhild postpones her answer until the following morning. She regards it as dishonorable to marry a heathen.
Motif References:
NL-111:
Rüedeger swears Kriemhild to avenge all wrongs done to her. Kriemhild considers that a marriage with Etzel and Rüedeger’s loyalty would enable her to avenge Siegfried. She vows to marry Etzel (by raising her hand). Rüedeger tells her that the king has so many knights of Christian faith that she will ever be joyful at his court. Maybe even Etzel will let himself be christened.
Motif References:
M 146 Vow to marry a certain woman [man]
M 166.9 (Bm) Vow to avenge wronged queen
J 684 Alliances with the strong
NL-112:
Hagen announces to deprive Kriemhild of her remaining gold to prevent her revenge. Rüedeger consoles her with Etzel’s riches. Gernot opens Kriemhild’s chamber, takes gold and offers it to the guests but Rüedeger rejects. Kriemhild takes only twelve shrines of gold with her. Kriemhild asks who would follow her to Etzel’s court and Eckewart offers his service. Kriemhild departs.
Motif References:
J 647 Avoiding enemy’s revenge
NL-113:
Giselher and Gernot conduct Kriemhild up the Danube until Vergen. The bishop Pilgrîn of Passau, Kriemhild’s uncle, and the town’s inhabitants go to meet and welcome Kriemhild and Rüedeger outside of the town
Motif References:
P 122 (Bm) Archbishop and bishop
NL-114:
Gotelind and her retinue travel to Enns where they meet with Kriemhild and Rüedeger. Now the queen comes to Efferding. Now Gotelind, the wife of Rudeger, arrives and hurries to meet Kriemhild.
Motif References:
NL-115:
Hosts and guests exchange presents. Although Kriemhild has lost the Nibelung gold, she wins the hearts of all that see her.
Motif References:
NL-116:
Everywhere Kriemhild comes on her way to Etzel’s court, she is welcomed warmly. King Etzel and his court are widely famed, at his court the boldest warriors among Christians or heathen are assembled. At his court dwells Christian customs and heathen faith.
Motif References:
V 339.1 (Bm) Harmony between religions
NL-117:
Etzel’s vassals welcome Kriemhild at Tulne; they speak many different languages, some are heathens, some Christians and they come from different parts of the huge Hunnish kingdom. 24 princes follow Etzel.
Motif References:
Z 71.8.6 Formulistic number: twenty-four
NL-118:
Kriemhild meets with Etzel. Rüedeger advises her whom to greet with a kiss. She kisses Etzel and following Rüedeger’s advice she greets Etzel’s brother and twelve of his vassals with a kiss. Afterwards mounted games entertain the noble guests.
Motif References:
P 634 Feasts
NL-119:
When the royal train arrives in Vienna, Rüedeger asks the town’s inhabitants to move out of the city to make room for the guests. Kriemhild makes friends among Etzel’s vassals by distributing presents. During the feast, she thinks of Siegfried and weeps secretly. The minstrels Werbel and Swemmelîn receive more than 1000 marks. The king’s wedding feast commences. The wedding feast falls on a Whitsuntide. The feast lasts for 17 days.
Motif References:
T 136.1 Wedding feast
P 428 Musician
NL-120:
On the eighteenth morning, they ride forth from Vienna. Hunnish noble women prepare for Kriemhild’s arrival, among them seven princesses and Herrat, Dietrich’s wife. At mighty Misenburg they board ship and float down to Etzel’s court.
Motif References:
NL-121:
After seven years, Kriemhild gives birth to a son, young Ortlieb. Kriemhild has many friends among the Huns. After 13 (C:12) years at Etzel’s court, Kriemhild still thinks about revenge. One night she dreams that she goes hand in hand with her brother Giselher and that she kisses him.
Motif References:
D 1812.3.3 Future revealed in dream
NL-122:
She persuades Etzel to invite her relatives by pretending that she longs to see them. Etzel sends his minstrels as messengers to invite the Burgundians to a Whitsun feast.
Motif References:
P 14.15.2 Court messenger
K 811.1 Enemies invited to banquet and killed
K 2010.2 Friendship feigned to avenge murder
K 2294 Treacherous host
NL-123:
Kriemhild secretly instructs the two minstrels not to tell the Burgundians about her grief. They should especially urge Hagen to follow the invitation. Messengers depart.
Motif References:
NL-124:
Etzel dispatches messengers to invite guests to his high feasting. The envoys ride away from the Hunnish land to Burgundy.
Motif References:
NL-125:
Hagen identifies Etzel’s messengers when they arrive at Worms. Werbel and Swemmelîn report Etzel’s invitation.
Motif References:
NL-126:
Ute receives the messengers, who tell her the news.
Motif References:
.
NL-127:
Gunther consults his friends. Only Hagen and Rûmolt (the master of the kitchen) speak against the journey. Hagen warns against Kriemhild’s revenge but the Burgundians pay no heed to him. As Gernot and Giselher insinuate that Hagen is afraid of Kriemhild, he gets enraged and, eager to prove his fearlessness, consents with the journey to Etzel’s court. Rumolt advises to guard their lives and ride to the Huns well armed.
Motif References:
W 32.2 (Bm) Refusal to flee from danger
P 50.2 Marshall [Court officials: marshall, steward, etc.]
J 652 Inattention to warnings
NL-128:
Volker is called “spilman” (minstrel) because he knows how to fiddle. He comes with 30 of his men for the journey to Kriemhild’s court. Hagen chooses 1000 men whom he knows well.
Motif References:
Z 731 (Bm) Eponymous account of nicknames
NL-129:
Hagen delays the messengers’ departure so that Kriemhild has not time to prepare for war. Gunther promises the messengers that Brunhild may receive them but then she cancels the visit. The messengers receive rich gifts.
Motif References:
J 670 Forethought in defences against others
NL-130:
Gunther urges the messengers to accept his gifts to delay their departure and to slow down their journey. Finally they ride away to Swabia. There Gernot bids his knights escort them, that none might do them harm. With great speed they hasten towards Etzel’s land
Motif References:
NL-131:
They pass Passau and Bechelâren on their way to Gran, Etzel’s court. Meanwhile the preparations for the feast are under way.
Motif References:
NL-132:
Ute warns her children against the journey because of a dream: all birds of the country have died. Hagen refuses to pay any attention to dreams and urges the departure. Gunther asks his wife to stay at Worms.
Motif References:
Z 100 Symbolism
M 302.7 Prophecy through dreams
M 342.0.1 (Bm) Prophecy of doom of people
D 1810.8.3 Warning in dreams
D 1812.3.3.5 Prophetic dream allegorical
D 1812.3.3.11 Death of another revealed in dream
NL-133:
Gunther entrusts Rûmolt with the country’s administration and his son’s custody. Burgundians set out for Etzel’s court.
Motif References:
P 110.0.1 (Bm) Faithful steward [knight] as regent
NL-134:
Hagen leads them, who knows the way well. On the twelfth morning, the king comes to the much swollen Danube. Hagen arms himself and walks along the riverbank in search of the ferryman who could transport them to Gelfrât’s country.
Motif References:
NL-135:
Hagen encounters bathing mermaids and steals their clothes. In return for giving them back, he receives prophecies: the first favorable prophecy, given by Hadeburc, is a lie, the second, given by Siegelind (C: Winelint), says that the Burgundians are going to their doom and that only the chaplain will return home alive.
Motif References:
B 81 Mermaid
B 81.7.1 Mermaid prophesies
M 242 Bargains and promises between mortals and supernatural beings
M 301 Prophets
M 342.0.1 (Bm) Prophecy of doom of people
Z 356 Unique survivor
K 359 Means of hoodwinking guardian or owner – miscellaneous
D 1719.7 Magic power of mermaid
NL-136:
The mermaids show him the ferryman’s house, tell him that it is dangerous to go through margraves Else’s and Gelpfrât’s land and inform him how to deceive the ferryman: Hagen should pose as the exiled knight Amelrîch.
Motif References:
P 413 Ferryman [fisherman]
N 819 Supernatural helpers – miscellaneous
K 1831.0.1 Disguise by changing name
NL-137:
Hagen allures the ferryman with the prospect of a reward, but the ferryman refuses to come until Hagen claims to be Amelrîch. The ferryman demands reward, and as he finds that it has not been his brother Amelrîch who has called him, he attacks Hagen with his oar. Hagen beheads him and throws the head into the water.
Motif References:
NL-138:
Meanwhile the barge has drifted off. As Hagen rows back, the oar breaks and he binds it together with his shield’s strap (only B). Hagen returns to the Burgundians.
Motif References:
NL-139:
Hagen tells Gunther that he has found the boat empty and transports more than 1000 knights and 9000 servants across the river (only B). Hagen plays the steersman, and so he ferries many mighty warriors over to the shore, into the unknown land.
Motif References:
F 639 Extraordinary powers – miscellaneous
NL-140:
Hagen tests the mermaids’ prophecy: he attempts to drown the chaplain by throwing him over board. The priest swims back to the river bank and stays behind.
Motif References:
S 131 Murder by drowning
M 391 Fulfillment of prophecy
P 426.1 Parson (priest)
NL-141:
Hagen, realizing that the prophecy is true and that all Burgundians will die, destroys the ferryboat to forestall any thought of return. Volker agrees with his friend Hagen.
Motif References:
N 101 Inexorable fate
P 310 Friendship
NL-142:
Hagen reveals the mermaids’ prophecy to the others. The margraves Gelpfrât and Else learn about their ferryman’s death, gather their men and follow the Burgundians. At night the Bavarians reach the rearguard.
Motif References:
NL-143:
Single combats: Hagen – Gelpfrât, Dankwart – Else. From a mighty thrust Hagen is unhorsed by Gelfrat and they continue fighting with swords on foot. In the ensuing battle, Dankwart kills Gelpfrât and Else is wounded. Finally the Bavarians take to flight.
Motif References:
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
NL-144:
Pilgrîn in Passau welcomes the Burgundians. At the border to Rüedeger’s land, they find Eckewart asleep. Hagen steals the sword of the negligent guardian, but gives it back later on. Eckewart unsuccessfully warns them of Kriemhild and recommends Rüedeger as generous host.
Motif References:
W 12 Hospitality as a virtue
J 652 Inattention to warnings
NL-145:
Welcome at Rüedeger’s court: Rüedeger advises Gotelint to greet the kings, Hagen, Dankwart and Volker with a kiss. Rüedeger’s men leave the castle to welcome the guests.
Motif References:
NL-146:
In the broad hall, they set up the tables and serve the strangers in lordly manners. For the sake of the guests, the noble countess joins them at the table. Volker, Gernot and Hagen propose that the noble Giselher take Gotelind to wife.
Motif References:
T 121 Unequal marriage
NL-147:
Giselher’s betrothal to Rüedeger’s daughter takes place. She is supposed to follow him on his way home from Etzel’s court. After the custom, men bid them stand in a ring.
Motif References:
T 61.4 Betrothal ceremony
NL-148:
Presents are bestowed upon the parting Burgundians: Hagen receives Nuodung’s precious shield. Gunther receives a coat of mail which the noble and mighty king wore well with honor.
Motif References:
Z 201 (Bm) Famous possessions of hero
F 839.2 Extraordinary shield
NL-149:
Rüedeger wishes to guide his guests to Etzel’s court in order to protect them on their journey.
Motif References:
NL-150:
Dietrich and his men leave the castle to welcome the Burgundians at Etzel’s court. Dietrich warns them against Kriemhild, who still bemoans Siegfried’s death. The Burgundians do not listen to him although they are aware of the danger.
Motif References:
W 32.2 (Bm) Refusal to flee from danger
NL-151:
The huns are eager to see Hagen, who has slain strong Siegfried. Kriemhild orders to accommodate the Burgundian knights and servants in separate quarters.
Motif References:
K 910 Murder by strategy
NL-152:
Kriemhild rushes with her maids-in-waiting to where she greets the Nibelungs. She kisses only Giselher, ignoring the others. She demands her treasure from Hagen, thus revealing her antagonism for all to see. Hagen refuses to hand over his weapons.
Motif References:
J 670 Forethought in defences against others
P 682 Greeting customs
NL-153:
Etzel remembers that Hagen’s father Aldriân (C: Adrîân) has been his vassal and that Hagen has dwelled at his court as a hostage, together with Walther of Spain.
Motif References:
P 533.1 Hostages
NL-154:
Hagen and Volker sit down on a bench outside of a palace and Kriemhild notices them from her window. Some Hunnish knights see her grief and vow to avenge her. Kriemhild convenes 400 (C: 300) warriors to kill the two enemies.
Motif References:
M 166.9 (Bm) Vow to avenge wronged queen
NL-155:
Kriemhild goes alone to Hagen and Volker to show her men how badly she is treated. Volker and Hagen discern her intention and Volker assures Hagen of his help in case a battle should start.
Motif References:
NL-156:
As Volker is about to stand up in Kriemhild’s presence, Hagen holds him back. He lays Siegfried’s sword across his knees to provoke Kriemhild.
Motif References:
P 29 Queens – miscellaneous
NL-157:
Kriemhild’s men do not dare to attack Hagen and Volker.
Motif References:
W 121 Cowardice
NL-158:
Hagen and Volker return to the Burgundians. Etzel welcomes them warmly offering wine, mead and mulberry wine.
Motif References:
NL-159:
As the Burgundians go to bed, Volker insults some Huns who stand in his way. The Burgundians enjoy precious bedding of shining silken cloth and many a coverlet of Arabian silk.
Motif References:
NL-160:
Hagen and Volker stand sentinel at the dormitory’s door. Volker plays his violin to comfort the Burgundians.
Motif References:
K 959.2 Murder in one’s sleep
NL-161:
One of the Huns recognizes Hagen and Volker standing guard. They do not dare to attack them and give up. Kriemhild is in despair and with wrathful mood she makes another plan. Through this, brave heroes and good thereafter perish.
Motif References:
NL-162:
In the morning Hagen wakens the Burgundians for the mass. He advises them to arm themselves, stay together during the mass and keep the shields near their feet.
Motif References:
V 40 Mass
J 670 Forethought in defences against others
NL-163:
Etzel and the Burgundians meet in front of the church. Etzel is perplexed to see his guests under arms. Hagen claims that bearing weapons the first three days of a feast is a Burgundian custom.
Motif References:
W 32.2 (Bm) Refusal to flee from danger
NL-164:
Hagen and Volker do not move out of Kriemhild’s way as they are obliged to. Volker suggests holding mounted games (buhurt). Dietrich and Rüedeger both hold their men back from taking part in the games in order to keep them out of hostilities.
Motif References:
J 580 Wisdom of caution
NL-165:
Volker kills a Hunnish knight during the games to provoke an open fight. Etzel and Kriemhild watch the happenings from a window.
Motif References:
P 561 Tournaments
NL-166:
The relatives of the slain man want to take revenge and kill Volker, but Etzel intervenes and pretends to have seen Volker’s horse stumbling. He forbids his vassals to offend his guests.
Motif References:
P 324.3 Guests’ life inviolable
NL-167:
Kriemhild begs Dietrich for his support against the Burgundians; he refuses. Kriemhild persuades Bloedelîn to fight for her by promising him Nuodung’s land, his widow and gold and silver.
Motif References:
Q 111 Riches as reward
P 614 (Bm) Bribes
K 986 Murder induced by bribery (lands, riches, wives)
NL-168:
The banquet commences and Kriemhild brings her son with her. Etzel loves his only child and begs the Burgundians to educate him at Worms. Hagen answers that Ortlieb would be too weak a child and that he himself would never serve him. Etzel does not react on this insult.
Motif References:
P 320 Hospitality
NL-169:
Bloedelîn, followed by 1000 of his men, goes where he finds Dankwart and the Burgundian pages who have meal together. He declares that he wants to avenge Siegfried’s death.
Motif References:
NL-170:
Dankwart beheads Bloedelîn. In the ensuing fight, 9000 unarmed pages and twelve knights are killed. Only Dankwart survives.
Motif References:
S 139 Miscellaneous cruel murders
Z 356 Unique survivor
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
NL-171:
Dankwart leaves the hall and fights his way through the crowded Hunnish warriors. Outside of Etzel’s palace stewards and cupbearers try to prevent his entrance.
Motif References:
F 614.10 Strong hero fights whole army alone
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
NL-172:
In the doorway Dankwart, covered with blood and the bare sword in his hand, calls out to Hagen to tell him what has happened. Hagen orders him to prevent the Huns from escaping out of the hall. Hagen beheads Ortliep, whose head falls into Kriemhild’s lap, and the child’s tutor. After that he cuts Werbel’s left hand off for having delivered Kriemhild’s invitation.
Motif References:
S 133 Murder by beheading
Q 451.1 Hands cut off as punishment
NL-173:
A furious battle between Huns and Burgundians arises. Dankwart and Volker keep the Huns away from the doorway.
Motif References:
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
NL-174:
Against Wolfhart’s will, Dietrich begs the Burgundians to spare the Amelungs. Dietrich and Rüedeger are allowed to leave the hall together with their retainers. They take Etzel and Kriemhild with them.
Motif References:
W 212 Eagerness for combat
R 219 Escapes – miscellaneous
NL-175:
One Hun tries to escape together with Etzel but is beheaded by Volker’s sword. The Burgundians take revenge for their pages’ death and kill all the Hunnish warriors.
Motif References:
NL-176:
The Burgundians throw the corpses down the staircase which leads to the banquet-hall in order to make room for the next onslaught.
Motif References:
NL-177:
Volker kills one of Etzel’s men who is about to carry away the corpse of a relative. Volker shoots a spear over the crowd so that the Huns move backwards. Hagen challenges Etzel by accusing him of cowardice. Kriemhild holds Etzel back from fighting with Hagen.
Motif References:
F 628.4 Strong man’s mighty spear-cast (sword blow) [pole-blow]
NL-178:
Single combat between Hagen and Îring. Iring of Denmark rushes Hagen before the hall. Palace and towers resound from their blows.
Motif References:
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
NL-179:
Îring leaves Hagen and attacks Volker, Gunther and Gernot, but without success. Finally, Giselher knocks Îring unconscious. Soon Îring comes round again but pretends to be dead and waits for the right moment to flee. Outside of the hall, he attacks Hagen one more time and wounds him with his sword Waske. Îring eventually flees.
Motif References:
Z 201.2 (Bm) Hero’s famous sword
K 522 Escape by shamming death
NL-180:
Again Hagen challenges Îring to single combat. They batter at each other furiously and eventually Hagen finds a spear lying before his feet. With this, he shoots Iring, the Danish hero, so that the shaft stands forth from his head.
Motif References:
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
NL-181:
Irnfried and Hâwart attack the Burgundians with about 1000 men. In single combats, Volker kills Irnfried and Hagen Hâwart. When the knights from Denmark and Thuringa eventually come into the hall, they all lose their lives. Blood flows through the drains after the battle.
Motif References:
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
NL-182:
Burgundians take off their helmets and sit down on enemies’ corpses to take a rest while Hagen and Volker guard the doorway. Soon after they are attacked by 20,000 Huns. Battle lasts until nightfall.
Motif References:
NL-183:
The Burgundian kings offer peace. However, tt is not possible for Etzel to accept any reconciliation because the Burgundians have killed too many of his people. Gernot appeals to Etzel’s honor and asks him to let them take the fight outside. Kriemhild keeps Etzel from granting their request and demands Hagen as hostage. Gernot, Giselher and Dankwart reject.
Motif References:
P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)
NL-184:
Kriemhild orders her men to rush the Burgundians into the palace and set the hall on fire. Hagen advises the thirsty Burgundians to drink the flowing blood. From this their bodies gain much of strength. Into the hall the fire falls thick and fast upon them, but with their shields they turn it from them to the ground.
Motif References:
S 112.0.2 House (hostel) burned with all inside
F 851 Extraordinary food
NL-185:
Hagen orders the Burgundians to keep close to the walls and to extinguish the fire on the floor with blood. In the morning, still 600 of them are alive and repel the attack of 1200 Huns.
Motif References:
NL-186:
Rüedeger comes to court and discovers what has happened. He starts to weep and asks Dietrich to help him convince Etzel to make peace but Dietrich declines. Rüedeger kills a Hun who accuses him of cowardice and disloyalty.
Motif References:
Q 297 Slander punished
NL-187:
Kriemhild reminds Rüedeger of his vow to avenge her. Rüedeger is desperate about the choice he has to make: fight against friends or be disloyal to his king.
Motif References:
J 210 Choice between evils
NL-188:
Rüedeger in his desperation offers his castles and land to return them to Etzel hoping to free himself of any obligation. But Etzel does not release him from his duty, so Rüedeger commends his wife and children to the king. Rüedeger and his 500 men arm themselves.
Motif References:
NL-189:
Rüedeger challenges his friends to battle.
Motif References:
NL-190:
Then Rüedeger bestows his shield on Hagen, who promises not to fight against Rüedeger during the battle.
Motif References:
W 11.5 Generosity toward enemy
M 166 Other vows about fighting
NL-191:
In a furious single combat, Gêrnot and Rüedeger kill each other. All men from Bechelâren are killed in battle.
Motif References:
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
N 399 Additional unlucky accidents
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
NL-192:
The Burgundians seek to recover from battle. Kriemhild thinks that Rüedeger has made peace with the Burgundians but Volker shows her Rüedeger’s corpse. All mourn the brave hero.
Motif References:
NL-193:
Dietrich’s men notice the loud lamentation. Dietrich restrains Wolfhart from inquiring what has happened and sends Helferich down to the palace. The palace and the towers resound with wailing because of Rüediger’s death.
Motif References:
W 185 Violence of temper
J 580 Wisdom of caution
NL-194:
After Helferich’s return, Dietrich sends Hildebrand to the Burgundians to ask them why they have killed Rüedeger. Hildebrand, advised by Wolfhart, arms himself and allows some armed knights to accompany him.
Motif References:
NL-195:
Volker announces the Amelungs, inferring hostile intention from their appearance (weapons and armors). Hildebrand asks for Rüedeger’s corpse. Wolfhart gets angry because the Burgundians do not bring the corpse but expect them to fetch it.
Motif References:
NL-196:
Volker and Wolfhart start to argue. Hildebrand wants to keep Wolfhart from fighting but is finally also involved. Several single combats arise.
Motif References:
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
NL-197:
Single combat between Giselher and Wolfhart. Wounded to death, Wolfhart kills Giselher with a sword blow. (Addition in C: None of Dietrich’s men survive but Hildebrand. On the other side, Gunther and Hagen are the only Burgundians who stay alive. They wade in blood up to their knees.)
Motif References:
Z 356 Unique survivor
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
NL-198:
Hagen attacks Hildebrand and wounds him with Siegfried’s sword Balmunc. Hildebrand flees.
Motif References:
R 220 Flights
NL-199:
Hildebrand returns to Dietrich, who asks him about his blood-spread armor. Hildebrand reveals to Dietrich that all his men have been killed as well. Gunther and Hagen alone survived.
Motif References:
NL-200:
Dietrich arms himself and goes together with Hildebrand to meet the Burgundians. He demands from Gunther and Hagen to repair his loss by means of surrendering and returning home. Hagen rejects his peace offer. After a furious fight, Dietrich finally overcomes Hagen.
Motif References:
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)
NL-201:
Since Dietrich does not want to kill Hagen, he overcomes him with bare arms and fetters him. Dietrich brings Hagen to Kriemhild and begs for her mercy. Kriemhild has Hagen thrown in a dungeon.
Motif References:
NL-202:
Dietrich brings Gunther to Kriemhild and begs again for her mercy. Hagen and Gunther are brought to two different rooms. Kriemhild promises Hagen to spare his life in return for giving back to her what he has taken. He refers to his oath never to tell about the treasure as long as one of the kings is alive. Kriemhild orders to behead Gunther and shows his head to Hagen. As Hagen persists in keeping silent, Kriemhild draws Siegfried’s sword from Hagen’s scabbard and beheads him.
Motif References:
M 105 Equivocal oaths
K 239 Refusal to tell about the Rhine treasure
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
F 615.0.1 Death of strong man
NL-203:
Etzel is in dismay because a woman has killed such great a warrior as Hagen. Hildebrand avenges Hagen’s death by slaying Kriemhild in front of Etzel and Dietrich, who mourn him and the others who have lost their lives.
Motif References:
P 12.9.1 (Bm) King mourns dead enemy
Q 211 Murder punished
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
Q 411.6 Death as punishment for murder
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