HvdTCr-1: In his prologue the author speaks of his lack of wisdom and asks his audience to be indulgent. He will stay where brilliant gems have been set, and will take the place of blue glass to be made to glow by a bright ruby’s splendor. The envy of ill-tempered people will become their shame. Unfortunately he has little talent for adorning words and phrases. But one should consider that the piece of glass shining brightly is worthless when the light is gone whereas the diamond conceals its true nature within itself. The conflict between glass and diamond reflects different ways of living - the thoughtless and the wise, the sham and the true - that cannot be reconciled. A man should flee falseness and search out virtue.

Motif References:

HvdTCr-161: People have often heard of many great deeds that King Arthur performed, but little is known about his youth. Therefore this story will tell something about it. He well deserves great renown because he never tired of striving for nobility, honesty and virtue since his childhood. He therefore won great renown in his day and although his body is now dead his famous name lives on and his glory still endures. The author will tell a story about King Arthur that he turned into German from French. With it he hopes to be remembered and earn woman’s fond greeting. He gives his name, Heinrich von dem Türlin. Arthur was born in May and he was as blameless as the season in which he was born. May is a symbol of the kindness Arthur showed on all occasions. Clotho endowed him with the talent to make many happy, and Lachesis spun a long thread for him. Yet Atropos caused the world to suffer irreparable loss. Fortuna now sits alone on the wheel without an heir, and Luna who brought him good luck bewails his passing. Philosophers say that children born while the sun is in Gemini, as was Arthur, are always mild-tempered, noble, happy, wealthy, faithful, kind and friendly.

Motif References:

N 120 Determination of luck or fate
M 302.4 Horoscope taken by means of stars

HvdTCr-314: Although Arthur’s father Uterpandragon is quite forgotten today in his own time his bravery and virtue won him great praise. He was a very powerful king and the sole master of Brittany, Wales, Normandy, Rinal, Scotland, Ireland, Valois and England. He conquered all the neighboring lands right up to the great sea. Arthur is not yet six years old when his father dies. He greatly laments his death and recalls his father’s exploits. The child behaves like a man. Lady Fortune takes care of the child and his household and keeps him from all falseness. He is upright in every way and has good manners that win the world’s esteem. When he is fifteen years old Arthur becomes a knight, marries and devotes his time and goods to kindness and honor. In him are found generosity, wise advice, faultless morals, gentle and honest speech and a joyful temperament. Therefore many who have tasks to perform ask him for help and advice which he gives at once and invites them to stay with him, for he is happy to have guests. He always likes merry entertainment and frequently holds festivities. Once he arranges for a Christmas celebration to take place in Wales, at Tintaguel on the peninsula of Cornwall. He sends out messengers to invite the princes and spread the news of the festival.

Motif References:

P 12 Character of kings
T 615.3 Precocious wisdom [virtue]
P 634 Feasts

HvdTCr-490: The seneschal, Keii, rides to Spain and returns with many splendid steeds which Arthur is to give away at the celebration. A large number of white mules with black ears and haunches are brought to him from Aleppo. From France comes expensive riding equipment made of ivory and gleaming with gold and jewels, from Gent many scarlet bedspreads, and from Greece many fine fabrics. Arthur’s sister-in-law, Queen Lenomie of Alexandria, sends a costly gold-embroidered cloth on which is portrayed Lady Helena’s escape from Greece because of Paris, the destruction of Troy, and the story of Dido and Aeneas and how the latter won beautiful Lavinia in battle. The cloth goes all around the walls of the great hall. The queen also sends her sister Ginover much gold finery of Leicester in Ireland. Ginover gives these splendid gifts to the ladies who come to the court. Many furs come from Russia and a large number of tableware is made for Arthur out of red gold in London. Arthur has luxurious quarters prepared for his guests and the citizens adorn their houses with handsome decorations.

Motif References:

P 634 Feasts
F 820 Extraordinary clothing and ornaments
F 855 Extraordinary image

HvdTCr-584: When the guests (their names and lands are given) arrive in great splendor with their followers the court is filled with merriment. There are all sorts of entertainment and each knight does what he likes best: playing games (chess, throwing dice), talking, listening to music or storytelling, riding, knightly practice, spear-throwing. The following morning Gawein arranges a tournament on the meadow outside of town. Ginover and the other ladies can watch from the palace. A large force of the guests arrives at the field and Arthur rides down with his troops with many splendid banners. His heralds bring wagons filled with spears and the queen and the ladies send costly trinkets to the most highly esteemed of the guests to make them known as their knights. Flutes and tambourines sound. The warriors begin jousting and all fight in knightly manner and with great vigor.

Motif References:

P 561 Tournaments
P 634 Feasts

HvdTCr-838: Ginover is displeased that Arthur and the knights of the Round Table have not entered yet. Meanwhile Erec and Lanzelet du Lac have joined the jousting and clear a row through the throng from one end to the other. Arthur and Gawein join their comrades with a mighty charge. When the tournament is over those who are captured are sent to the palace to the ladies, for this is the custom when a tournament is held on a feast day: The ladies always have the right to hold them as prisoners until they choose to give the knights their freedom. A bath is prepared for the knights after their exertion.

Motif References:

P 555.4 (Bm) Defeated knights [giant, rescued persons etc.] sent under oath to king [lady, queen] (as proof of victory)
P 561 Tournaments
P 634 Feasts

HvdTCr-918: When Arthur is dining with his guests that Christmas day according to the custom everyone is longing for something unusual to occur so that they forget themselves and sit there without eating. Meanwhile in front of the castle a knight is heard singing with a sweet voice as a siren’s. He dismounts and the news of his arrival pleases everyone. The knight is very slender and no taller than a child of six. He wears splendid clothing. His skin is covered by scales, his mouth is wide, with thick lips covered here and there by a sparse mustache. His icy gray eyes are as large as ostrich eggs and framed by broad lashes. The nose is short and large, broad and flat, the hair of his head is like fish fins; his ears protrude high and wide and the coloring of his face, hands and whatever else his clothes do not hide ranges from light gray to black. He has a strange steed, tall as a Castilian horse, but it looks like a seal in front of the saddle and a dolphin behind. It has a tail of long spines and a mane of fins that hang down to the knee. It is pale gray with round spots. The feet and the legs down to the hooves are covered with feathers, which are arranged like an eagle’s wings and stretched out from joints with the pull of sinews.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
B 53.4.1 (Bm) Sirens’ irresistible [beautiful] song
B 71 Sea-horse
B 80 Fish-men
M 151 Vow not to eat before hearing of adventure
F 420.1.4.2 Water-spirits have body covered with fish scales
F 420.1.1.3 Water-spirit as small gray man
F 420.1 Form and appearance [dress] of water-spirits
F 511.2 Person unusual as to his ears
F 512 Person unusual as to his eyes
F 513 Person unusual as to his mouth
F 514 Person unusual as to his nose
F 527 Person of unusual color
F 541 Remarkable eyes
F 542 Remarkable ears
F 543 Remarkable nose.
F 544.0.1 Remarkably large mouth
F 555 Remarkable hair
F 556 Remarkable voice
P 556.3 (Bm) Feast interrupted by man offering challenge.
F 688 Man with marvelous voice
B 731 Fanciful color of animal

HvdTCr-1003: When the knight comes up to the hall Arthur and the others receive him cordially. The stranger says in French that because of Arthur’s widespread fame King Priure has sent him there from the sea to learn more about him. He offers Arthur a gift to be accepted under the conditions of the sender, which will not dishonor him. He asks the king to grant a request and guarantee him safety. The king agrees. The messenger thanks him for it and draws from his cloak a cup and lid that is made with great skill. A master craftsman in Toledo who discovered the art of necromancy made it by magic. Whoever owns it will never be robbed of it wherever he goes, for it will always appear at his wish. All this magic is due to its jewels. The magic also gave the cup another quality: when a mean spirited person or anyone who deceives his sweetheart lifts it to his mouth it at once spills wine all over him. Then the stranger explains the request the king has already granted: Every knight and lady in the hall should be put to this test, to show if there is a man or woman among them free of deceit. If none is found but there is one of the company to defeat him in a joust the golden vessel will remain there with the winner.

Motif References:

F 343.14 Golden cup (bowl, urn) as gifts from otherworld inhabitants.
H 411.4 Magic drinking horn (cup) as chastity test.
D 813 Magic object received from fairy
D 1071 Magic jewel (jewels)
D 1171.6.1 Magic tankard
D 1649.2 Magic object comes at owner’s call.
D 1711 Magician
D 1810.0.2 Magic knowledge of magician

HvdTCr-1179: The company entreats Arthur to have the cup filled with wine and test it. Arthur assents and the ladies are invited to the hall where the lords are seated. The messenger takes the vessel to Ginover but out of courtesy she says it should be offered to the queen of Lanphuht who is sitting beside her. When she tips it she spills much wine. She is greatly embarrassed and so are the other ladies. When Ginover is handed the cup Keii advises her with his usual sarcasm how to handle it. The vessel lets her drink, but a little wine spills onto her lap when she lowers it. Keii once again gives his comment. Then Lady Flori, the sister-in-law of the king and sweetheart of Gawein puts the wine to her lips and much gushes over her face. The cup avoids the lips of Lady Laudin, the beloved of the Knight of the Lion, and drenches the front of her dress. Keii reminds them that she probably could have drunk the wine if she had some of the power of Lunete’s ring which saved Iwein after he killed her husband. It might show the deficiencies of her love, for her anger caused Iwein to lose his mind and nearly die in the forest.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
H 411.4 Magic drinking horn (cup) as chastity test.
D 1171.6.1 Magic tankard
K 2130 Trouble-makers

HvdTCr-1361: Then comes Enite and the cup slips out of her hand and Keii declares that she won the falcon as beauty prize quite rightfully and received the king’s kiss when he felled the white stag. His mockery evokes loud laughter but there is much hidden shame about the sweethearts’ lack in fidelity. Lady Parthie tries to drink but all of the wine spills out and Keii makes fun of her. The men begin to talk and laugh secretly because the ladies’ inconstancy has been shown and Keii makes sport of their failure. Yet the fall of Galaida, the sweetheart of the lord high steward is far worse than that of the ones before her: Her hands slip down to her lap so that she cannot even touch the cup. Keii is ashamed and silent. Greingradoan speaks up and tells him to stop making fun of the women who have erred in some way. But evil men cannot be made to live according to generally accepted virtues.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
H 411.4 Magic drinking horn (cup) as chastity test.
D 1171.6.1 Magic tankard
K 2130 Trouble-makers

HvdTCr-1521: Although Keii is unpleasant and quite mannerless he still has not lost the pride of nobility and he is a very brave man. Besides Arthur in his faultless youth has chosen such attendants as were free of deceit. Therefore Keii could not be as evil as many have said for the king would not have kept him. Keie just liked to scoff and spared no one, which was his chief failing. When Blanscheflur of Waleis who has come to the festival with her sweetheart, Sir Parzival, she tries to drink the wine suddenly disappears while her lap and dress become wet. Keii gives his comment, recalling that she once chose to visit her lover in bed and give herself to him as security. Blanlis and Bleiden have the same experience as Blanscheflur, and then Janduz of Lann and the queen of Persia fail, as do Isolde and the other ladies, among them the tall Amerclie, the sweetheart of a giant. Camille with the White throat fails and the wine can be seen through the flesh of her throat. All the ladies fail and Keii makes fun of them.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
H 411.4 Magic drinking horn (cup) as chastity test.
F 531.5.7.0.1 Giant woos mortal woman
D 1171.6.1 Magic tankard
D 1980 Magic invisibility
K 2130 Trouble-makers

HvdTCr-1631: Then the messenger takes the cup to Arthur reminding him of his promise. But he asks permission to follow a custom of his country: It is his practice to taste his lord’s drink before he offers it to him. Hearing this Keii interrupts them with his sarcasm and Arthur scolds him for it. He will never be praised for his behavior for his companions are Slander, Malice, Infamy, and Dishonor, and he can never speak anything but evil. This has often enough earned him aversion. Arthur will do as the messenger requests except that he will not grant him the first drink. Keii, not at all disturbed at being scolded by the king, at once goes on as before and addresses the king directly and jests with him. One of the knights says this visit was a mistake and this festival will cause trouble. Keii will heap offense upon them and their wives and no one will be able to get revenge. All begin to argue and to complain and some men laugh at the sorrow of their companion.

Motif References:

W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
K 2130 Trouble-makers

HvdTCr-1892: Arthur drinks from the cup and he spills no wine. Yet Arthur still does not get off without being the target of Keii’s jesting: He says that the king and the queen possess a single heart and spirit without guile which is why the queen did the best among women and the king won the prize among the men. King Brisaz spills no wine but gets no drink either, which occurs because he left a maiden in great distress without heeding her plea for help, although he rescued her later. When the king of Ethiopia drinks a wave gushes out of the cup and all over him, and then flows back just as suddenly. The lord is so strongly drawn to all sorts of worldly things that he can not control it. Weak-minded in every way, he has many faults, as the cup shows. In Gawein never was a fault of body or spirit except that he had once forgotten himself and been presumptuous about the proper favor of a lady, but it had been only in jest. Afterward he paid dearly for it. As the cup is offered to him a little stain conceals his great fame. Thus a little misdeed obscures his complete virtue.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
P 50 Noblemen (knights) [rules of chivalry]
H 411.4 Magic drinking horn (cup) as chastity test.
C 453 Tabu: boasting of love-conquest
D 1171.6.1 Magic tankard

HvdTCr-2070: Then Lanzelet is given the cup. He is both a knight and a priest and from childhood on it has always been his task to interpret for the retinue whatever wondrous tales he read. He is the first among the knights and more renowned than all the others. He would joust or do battle with any knight however mighty and his strength is of such a nature that from midday on it constantly increases till into the night and whoever fights with him then has no chance of victory. Yet the cup defeats him for contrary to knightly custom he has ridden in a cart while looking for a chance to take vengeance on Milianz, who had abducted the queen. Lanzelet had lost his steed and was determined not to turn back until he learned where the queen was held. It was the practice in the land that whoever was to be hanged or condemned to some other death was placed by the executioner in a cart and driven all around the country so that those who saw him there could punish him. Keii says that the test of Lanzelet should better be put off until noon, for in the afternoon he would have been stronger.

Motif References:

R 10.5 (Bm) Queen abducted
P 50 Noblemen (knights) [rules of chivalry]
H 411.4 Magic drinking horn (cup) as chastity test.
Q 473 Punishment: disgraceful journey through streets
D 1171.6.1 Magic tankard
D 1836 Magic waxing and waning of strength.

HvdTCr-2154: When the cup passes to Erec it splashes wine all over him, he has earned the disgrace while Enite journeyed with him through a forest and warned him of many dangers there. Keii says that it would have been easier for Erec to fight twelve cowardly robbers. Then Iwein raises the cup but cannot get a drink. Keii comments this: if the lion who aided him against many dangers and attacked the giant were here it would avenge him. Kalocreant is spilled all over with wine as soon as he takes the cup. Keii says it is well for him that he has always been so cautious which was shown when he poured the spring water on the stone. Parzival is drenched as soon as he starts to drink, which is because of the fisherman whom he abandoned to his pain since he did not ask. Later on as he was leaving the tree in which the maiden was sitting she said that his manners had betrayed him and then told him of the power of the sword his uncle had given him. Keii declares that Parzival has lost heart and what Kulianz the Fool and Lady Lede foretold of him is true: She would not laugh until she saw him. Her kinsman caused her to recognize him and break her silence by laughing and speaking to him. She was a good judge of knights. The wine too honored him by leaping out.

Motif References:

H 411.4 Magic drinking horn (cup) as chastity test.
D 1171.6.1 Magic tankard

HvdTCr-2258: The author names the most eminent of the natives and guests who drank from the cup and were embarrassed by their faults. Keii made fun of them. A splendid company is with Arthur there and the author includes those Master Hartmann has not listed in the Erec. The author laments and prays for Hartmann who possesses his heart because of the noble way of life he defended in his day. All should mourn Hartmann and Reinmar, who gave models of virtue and furthered the praise and honor of women. He must also lament the passing of Dietmar von Aist, Heinrich von Rugge, Friedrich von Hausen, Ulrich von Gutenburg and Hugo von Salza.

Motif References:

H 411.4 Magic drinking horn (cup) as chastity test.
D 1171.6.1 Magic tankard

HvdTCr-2456: All of the knights in the hall have drunk except Keii and the messenger. Keii asks him to drink first and nothing troublesome happens to the messenger. He jests at Keii who takes it with good grace. But when Keii reaches for the cup both of his hands unconsciously slip down so that he does not get hold of it. The wine pours out of the vessel and completely drenches him. Seeing this Kulianz the Fool springs about and mocks at him. Then the messenger declares that he will leave the cup with the king for his lord told him it was to remain at this court. The cup will not reveal the dishonor of anyone who has already drunk from it, it will only test strangers. Meanwhile Keii is trying to think of some way to escape disgrace he has suffered from the cup. He goes to the messenger and asks him to grant a request, and reminds him that he promised them a joust. King Arthur angrily says that such matters are concerns of the ruler. Keii has not been wronged by the messenger, who only carried out his lord’s charge. If all who wanted to clear them of shame the contests would not be over in a year.

Motif References:

H 411.4 Magic drinking horn (cup) as chastity test.
D 1171.6.1 Magic tankard
D 1749 Loss of magic power - miscellaneous

HvdTCr-2780: The messenger delays his departure in order to fight Keii. The king tries to mediate the matter but his efforts are of no avail. Keii reminds the king of his long service as seneschal and the stranger asks that Arthur acknowledge Keii’s claim to the cup by giving his consent. Coverlets for the horses, armor, shields and weapons, everything very costly, are brought to the combatants. The combat is to take place beside the moat in front of the great hall and Arthur, Ginover, the ladies and all the rest of the company go there to watch. The messenger has his steed, a shield and a spear, for nothing of the armor at the court is suitable for him, not even the hauberk which the dwarf-king Bilis had brought when he came with king Brian. Therefore he has to fight without protection. The stranger however has powerful support by Luck. Their jousting is not for gain like that of the Eastern lords who, so Sir Wirnt says, as scheming knights make everyone their enemy at whatever tournament they appear. Wirnt has often observed the knightly customs in many European lands.

Motif References:

W 32 Bravery
P 50 Noblemen (knights) [rules of chivalry]
F 420.1.1.3 Water-spirit as small gray man
P 561 Tournaments
P 715 Particular nations (races, religions)

HvdTCr-2989: The stranger and Keii charge at each other and display much knightly skill. Keii is unhorsed by his adversary, who then overtakes him when he tries to get inside the wall without being seen. He seizes him by the helmet and swings him up on the horse and rides back and forth with him. Keii begs for mercy and implores the others to help him. Although he offers the knight surety and promises to be subject to him as his sworn prisoner he is nevertheless left hanging from the steed. His prayers finally soften the queen’s heart and she asks the knight to pardon him for her sake and give Keii into her keeping. This is done. Arthur and the company return to the great hall. The messenger takes his leave from the king. Keii asks the stranger not to leave without receiving gifts. Avarice caused Diogenes to break his vow. He renounced all adornments and followed the example of the man whom he found at a spring drinking from his supped hands because he had no other vessel. But later he declared that this way of life was not for him. This causes much laughter.

Motif References:

M 150 Other vows and oaths
L 400 Pride brought low
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-3205: The celebration continues for three days with a great deal of joyful revelry. Then news are brought by a page that in three days there is to be a tournament at Jaschune in which Count Rivalin would challenge King Glais. All the knights begin to talk about it and secretly prepare to journey there in search of fame. Gawein who is sure the king would not let them go advises that they ride off very early in the morning. Arthur will set on their trail as soon as he awakes but if they make it to Breziljan they will get away. Early next morning they ride out from the court. Only Keii, Gales, Lithaus, and Aumagwin are left there to keep the king company, but they are quite annoyed that the journey has been kept secret from them. When the king finds out he becomes very angry. Pursuit seems out of the question and the king asks the red-haired Aumagwin how they should entertain themselves. They decide on a hunt and send word to the huntsmen to hurry to Gornomant. The weather is cold and the snow and the mud are deep, and they kill many small animals. When daylight fades and they are suffering from the cold they return home.

Motif References:

P 561 Tournaments
P 634 Feasts

HvdTCr-3334: Arthur hurries to the large fire in his hall to relieve the chill and sits there to warm himself. The queen has watched him scornfully. Then she asks him why he humors himself like a woman. What she has often heard from a theoria medicinae that the warmest woman was colder than the coldest man, does not seem the case here. He would lose all body heat if he were to wear clothing as thin as that of many women. Yet she has not been sitting by the fire. She tells him that he is not as warm-blooded as a famous knight of whom she knows but shall not name. The terror of the cold means no more to him than the heat of summer and whether it is warm or cold, he usually dons only a thin white garment. Singing sweet love songs he rides a white steed through the Gaudin all night for his ladylove. He carries a white shield and a red spear with a white pennon. He patrols the ford before Noirespine without armor and without discomfort while he sings his song. The king is greatly troubled by what she has said therefore the queen regrets that she has spoken so hastily and thus overstepped the bounds of modesty. Arthur leaves the hall sadly and tells his companions what his wife has said and asks them for advice.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
P 52.2 (Li) Knight in service of a lady
Z 65.1 Red as blood, white as snow
Z 142 Symbolic color: white
H 421 Tests for true lover
F 685 Marvelous withstander of cold
F 821 Extraordinary dress (clothes, robe, etc.)
H 1541 Contest [test] in enduring cold

HvdTCr-3457: Keii replies first and says that women are so forward as to speak whatever they wish, which can be seen with his own wife too. One should avoid discussions that cause only pain: So it is with King Arthur. Keii’s words only make him feel worse. But as a wise man he finds comfort in sorrow. Only to women it is a credit to be deeply moved by grief. Arthur keeps up his spirits and reprimands Keii for his scolding and for maligning his wife who is well-mannered and faithful. Keii seeing his words ill-received is silent. A man should take care that no one slanders his wife, yet rumor deceives a lot of men, that he becomes guilty of such behavior as Keii’s and must pay for it. Gales then says that the queen could have been joking, but he would like to know the truth about it. If this being is a man and is not deterred by such bitter cold he must be striving for fame. Aumagwin advises the king that they ride out to the ford to wait for this knight. Arthur and the three companions ride off rapidly. Following the king’s plan they keep watch separately so that they cannot be mislead by the stranger. Keii soon gets tired of the watch and would rather like to be in the warm. He laments and trying to keep himself warm goes from one place to another until he falls asleep from pure exhaustion. The knight for whom he has waited finds him lying there asleep.

Motif References:

W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
K 2130 Trouble-makers

HvdTCr-3699: The knight’s arms consist of sword, shield and spear. He wears a splendid red and yellow chaplet, a thin white garment, fine wool stockings in which pattern have been cut so that much of the legs can be seen, and golden spurs with steel points. He wears nothing else, neither coat nor cloak. He sings a joyful song of love and happiness. Keii notices the knight until he is right beside him for at that moment his horse wakes him. He sets out after him at once, urging him to stop. As the knight races on Keii insults and threatens him: only a peasant or a coward would travel at this time of night and he would have to pay for stealing away while he was asleep. When he has gotten close enough for the knight to hear his insults the latter addresses him politely. Keii is deceived by the stranger’s friendly words, which seem to him not in keeping with a brave heart. He replies that he takes him prisoner and he must tell him his name. The knight reminds him that he is not acting in accordance with the knightly code and will not tell his name unless Keii defeats him in a joust. He says Keii is not worth courtesy and that his tongue cuts better than his sword. Hearing this Keii gets very angry and challenges him. The stranger unhorses Keii and leads his horse away with him.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
P 52.2 (Li) Knight in service of a lady
Z 65.1 Red as blood, white as snow
Z 142 Symbolic color: white
F 252.5 (Bm) Fairy knight.
H 421 Tests for true lover
F 685 Marvelous withstander of cold
F 821 Extraordinary dress (clothes, robe, etc.)
H 1541 Contest [test] in enduring cold
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-4004: In spite of his efforts to remain alert exhaustion and the cold cause Gales to sink into a stupor so that he is neither awake nor asleep. Then he hears the knight singing as he approaches. While he considers riding toward him to question the stranger the knight hurries past him and Gales starts out in pursuit. He soon overtakes him and his courteous greetings bring forth a like response. Gales praises the knight’s remarkable undertaking and politely asks his name. The stranger only tells him that he is in search of adventure and does not care whether it is hot or cold, but he will keep his name secret. Gales urges the knight to reveal his name and where he is from. If he does not answer Gales must believe that he is a robber and he will fight him. The stranger reminds Gales that the wheel of Fortune is round and moving and that he should not treat him as an outlaw. A valiant warrior should keep from threatening for one can tell a coward by the noise he makes. As Gales insists on his request they start to fight and the stranger strikes him from his horse. The victor leads his steed away.

Motif References:

H 1221 Quest for adventure
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-4240: The moon is shining brightly when Aumagwin who is greatly suffering from the cold sees the knight approach the ford leading the two horses of his companions. He rides towards the knight and greets him politely. After chatting with him in a friendly manner he asks his name and where he was born. This makes the knight angry and they fight. Aumagwin is knocked down from his horse into a nearby brook. The knight is singing as he leads his steed away. Keii and Gales arrive and pull Aumagwin from the water, almost dead from cold. King Arthur too is suffering because of the long wait in the cold. He considers himself a fool to expose himself to this distress because of a woman and because a man is said to gain high esteem through difficult deeds. Women say whatever comes in their heads and they want to rule everything. They act as if they were the sources of all joy - which is true and therefore one must put up with their talk. He is sure that his wife was only joking and it was only a story that she heard someplace. He knows that when she looks at him she is really pleased with him. Many women are careful to hide their pleasure from their lovers.

Motif References:

H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-4382: When Arthur sees the knight for whom he has been waiting ride toward him he recognizes the horses of his companions and is troubled. He rides to meet the stranger and they exchange courteous greetings. Arthur asks him where he is going and accuses him of theft and night robbery. The stranger gets angry and blames him of discourtesy. If he claims that he is a highwayman he gives him the permission to try to seize him and take him to Arthur’s law-court. Arthur wants him to put on his armor to joust against him but the knight will get along well just as he is. The king replies he is not well enough protected to meet an armed knight and should better answer his question and become his friend. The stranger strictly refuses to give him his name but he will not deny him the horses. As Arthur insists on knowing the other’s name he says his name is what his friends and kinsmen have always called him and that he will get no other answer.

Motif References:

J 1252 Quibbling answers.

HvdTCr-4574: They start to joust and both are unhorsed in the fierce crash. The king receives a blow that nearly kills him but since the knight wears no armor chooses not to return it, which he thinks would be shameful. He declares that he would spare the knight and be his friend if the latter would reveal his name. The stranger wants to know Arthur’s name first otherwise he would renew the battle. Arthur splits his opponent’s shield down to his hand, yet does not arrive to get at him in any way. They continue fighting until the stranger’s shield can no more protect him. Arthur renews his question and the knight replies he will not tell his name to anybody except one person whom he has long sought: Arthur. The king identifies but the stranger wants to be given some proof. He has heard that Arthur has a scar on his forehead. The king bends his head down and asks him to untie his helmet and look for the proof. When the knight has found the scar he tells that he is Gasozein de Dragoz, and that he has a claim to make. Arthur asks him to reveal the matter.

Motif References:

H 51 Recognition by scar
N 760 Other accidental encounters
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-4803: Gasozein tells him that since seven years the king holds a lady prisoner who belongs to him. The prisoner is queen Ginover, who was assigned to Gasozein at her birth by the night spirits and later Cupid saw to it that their promise was not forgotten. He asks Arthur to take her a belt which is known only to her, Gawein, and Gasozein, and ask her to come and speak with him for his love’s sake. Gawein won the belt for her and she gave it to Gasozein when he last parted from her. The belt has such power that the bearer is adored by both men and women and cannot be defeated in battle, for his virtues and strength are greatly increased. Saelde never fails him and aids him in all he does. A fairy called Giramphiel helped by her sister made it for her lover, Fimbeus of Sardin. Arthur is much distressed on hearing this and pained by the queen’s unfaithfulness. Yet however much he is troubled he is wise enough to give a courteous reply: he finds it annoying that a false charge is made against the queen for no reason except arrogance.

Motif References:

T 61 Betrothal
T 92.1 The triangle plot and its solutions
H 116 Identification by girdle
F 301 Fairy lover [husband].
D 813 Magic object received from fairy
D 1057 Magic belt
D 1335.4 Magic belt gives strength
D 1561.1 Magic object brings luck.

HvdTCr-4938: A Gasozein reply that he did not intend to discredit his lady, and has spoken only of honorable conduct on her part, for he is her rightful husband. Ginover pledged him her love as soon as she began to talk, for Amor long before had kindled in her the flame of love. She was in his care from the cradle on until Arthur took her from him. Now he will prove that she loves him more than she ever loved the king. The poor man, who only believes that a woman loves him, is struck by Cupid’s leaden dart, and will never receive an honest reward from her. Many different kinds of tents have been set up on Venus’ field. Gasozein asks Arthur to bring the queen there so that they can settle the dispute by seeing who can win her in knightly combat. If he overcomes the king he will give up all claim to her if within a year Arthur finds a man who takes her from him in a second joust. Meanwhile the queen would be carefully guarded from all harm and untouched by him. Arthur agrees to single combat but will have the time for it postponed, since their present conditions are uneven. If Gasozein would gain victory Arthur will let him be Ginover’s husband without further combat. It is decided that the combat should take place at Karidol in six weeks.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
Z 71.12 Formulistic number: forty [Forty days’ limit]
H 218 Trial by combat

HvdTCr-5081: The knight gives Arthur the horses and departs. Unhappy Arthur tries to think of how best to get revenge on her for his dishonor. Should he ban her to a desert island, or hang her or have her burned? He decides to have her burned. But then he considers that he could lose reputation by this and makes up his mind to swear that the knight lied about her. Yet he still fears that she would rebuke him because of him. Arthur rides toward his companions and when he sees by their appearance that they have suffered hardship he cheers himself up at their expense and gives ridicule to Keii. Keii is not embarrassed and calls attention to his companions’ failure, which makes them angry. Arthur continues to joke on Gales and Aumagwin, who says this is a poor reward for their services. The king should permit them to depart so that they would not bring more dishonor to his court. Arthur who knows how to use anger for improvement tells him that all he said was in fun and he should not take it amiss. Then they get the horses from Arthur and ride off. On the way they relate their stories and all are pleased that a combat is to take place.

Motif References:

P 12 Character of kings
W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
K 2130 Trouble-makers

HvdTCr-5334: They all beg the king to let one of them fight the stranger. Arthur refuses, for he has given his word, and tells them to keep silent about the matter unless the knight fails to appear at the trial. Since they suffer from the frost they hurry on to Tintaguel and enjoy the comfort. They sleep until almost nones. Then a meal is prepared for the king. Ginover is worried what might have become of her husband, since she has not seen his shield anywhere. A dream has tormented her at night and left her heart without happiness. A page announces that the meal would be served in the great hall. As soon as Arthur has eaten he tells the seneschal to prepare his journey to Karidol. Since it is terribly cold in the mountains they ask the king not to make the journey and he grants them a week’s delay. When the week has passed the king sets out and at the same time sends word to his kinsmen and vassals to join him at Karidol by the first of February. All come except Gawein who has been away ever since he left the Christmas festival.

Motif References:

H 218 Trial by combat

HvdTCr-5469: Seeking adventure Gawein journeys to a land by the sea where a giant lives, who is so strong that he is not afraid of an army. He subdued the entire region around the sea and forced each of ten kings to send him a knight every year as a tribute from his country. He has raised a knight named Galaas, a close kinsman, who is a very skillful jouster. When a knight is sent to the giant as tribute, he has to come unarmed. Shortly after his arrival he is obliged to fight Galaas. If he fights well, he is well received; if not he looses his standing as a knight and is forced to work for the giant ever after as a servant. The latter is often the case because Galaas has the strength of twelve men, and he is skilled in every aspect of battle. The giant’s name is Assiles and he lives on a desert island. Stories are told about him, that he can step over mountains and can accomplish many other wondrous feats. He moves mountains from one place to another and, when he is angry, tears great limbs from the largest trees. For a weapon he carries some huge tree that he finds as he goes forth to battle. His shield is a thick stone wall. There is nothing so fierce in the lands that are not frightened at the sight of him.

Motif References:

G 100 Giant ogre Polyphemus
S 262.2 Tribute of youths regularly sent to foreign king.
F 531.5 Giants and men
F 531.6.2 Haunts of giants
F 531.6.16 Attendants of the giants
F 531.4.5 Giant’s enormous weapons
F 531.3.2.4 Giant hurls mountain.
F 531.4.5.4 Giant has stone shield.
F 531.3.5.1 Giant bestrides mountain.
P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]
F 610.4.2 Man with twelve men’s strength
F 621.2 Trees pulled up by giant
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-5546: All the lords and their kinsmen became subject to him, and the giant takes whatever he wants. When the time comes to pay the tribute the best knight to be found anywhere in the country is sent to him. They buy their lives with their own children. The giant has extorted five hundred, selected by Galaas the Moor, whom no one can withstand. Not far from the giant lives a king named Flois, whose country has been laid waste because he withheld the tribute whenever he could. At last he has to retreat to a region called Effin, to a strong castle of his on an island in the sea where he prepares his defense. The people of the lands flee there to help the king. They often attack the giant on the field before the gates. Finally the giant besieges the castle to obtain the tribute until only a hundred men are left inside the walls and they have run out of food. When they see that their situation is hopeless they ask the giant for a month’s truce and agree to surrender if they cannot find help. A fast messenger, a courtly page named Giwanet, is sent through the forest toward Breziljan to find King Arthur. He is to entreat the king to send help within twelve days.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
G 100 Giant ogre Polyphemus
S 262.2 Tribute of youths regularly sent to foreign king.
F 527.5 Black man [knight; wild woman]
F 531.5 Giants and men
F 531.6.16 Attendants of the giants
P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
P 558 (Bm) Truce
H 1224 Quest to distant king for military aid

HvdTCr-5659: Gawein by chance has chosen the very path that Giwanet is taking to Breziljan. They meet late one evening and recognize each other at once. Gawein gives him a polite greeting which Giwanet responds in like manner. At the knight’s question the messenger tells him that he comes from the king who is at the green island of Alverne. A giant has destroyed his land and he has sent him to King Arthur to request assistance. If it is not sent the king’s cause will be lost, for he has agreed to surrender himself if he is not rescued within a month. Gawein tells him that Giwanet will find Arthur alone for his companions have gone off to seek adventure. They all fought at a tournament at Jaschune and then the knights left looking for adventure. Gawein asks the page to show him the best way to the fortress and he sets out at once to gain fame from the adventure. On the journey he has to overcome many difficulties before he passes through the forest and the wild gorge where the giant lives and comes to the gatekeepers, who relate to him many strange tales.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
F 531.5 Giants and men
P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
P 558 (Bm) Truce
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
H 1224 Quest to distant king for military aid

HvdTCr-5780: When he rides up to the last gate its guard orders him away with threats and insults. Yet his rude language and his curses accomplish nothing, for Gawein begins to hew the gate with his sword. Thereupon the gatekeeper unbars the gate. He is a brave and prudent knight, whom the giant has forced to become his vassal and has placed on guard there. He has been allowed to keep much of his wealth so that he could take care of the two roads and entertain strangers. Whenever he is able he turns them away, out of kindness, so that they would escape suffering and death by hurrying off before the toll collectors come for their fee. The host now supplies his guest with anything he wishes. Gawein inquires as to this adventure and where the collectors live. The knight tells him that many a knight has lost his life there who did not want to pay his fee. Any knight who strays into this land must give up his armor. If he dares to fight the four toll-collectors, who are brave warriors, and defeats them, he is allowed to go on his way. Yet this has never happened, for the first opponent has always overcome the traveler and cut off his head.

Motif References:

W 32 Bravery
R 74 Defeated warriors [adversaries] go into [are forced to join] the conqueror’s service
M 234 Life spared in return for life-long service [material compensation, peace treaty]
F 531.5 Giants and men
P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]
J 652 Inattention to warnings
F 771.5 Extraordinary guard for castle (land)
N 853 (Bm) Helpful jailor [gatekeeper, guard, watchman]
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-5902: Gawein thanks the knight for his sympathy he showed in wanting to turn him back, yet he will not pay the toll. Riwalin reminds him that luck is inconstant and he who always trusts himself to its care is imprudent. Many have been betrayed by pride and put to shame: Orgolois de la Lande suffered Parzival’s revenge; Milianz was defeated by Lanzelet because of Ginover whom he had brought into his land; the evil Lohins who took Gawein’s steed was overcome by him. The heron has often been lucky enough to escape the hawk. Riwalin says his guest will need luck on his side to survive if he fights these valiant warriors. Gawein smiles because his host has mentioned his name without knowing it. He replies that luck is steadfast only in its wavering and inconstant in all things. No one who scorned the aid of luck ever succeeded. He shall have all the help he needs if the good fortune that has always cared for Gawein will also watch over him.

Motif References:

N 100 Nature of luck and fate
H 195 (Bm) Failure to recognize

HvdTCr-6083: Riwalin advises him to consider the matter more carefully, for Gawein’s success in combat has been due more to his strength and courage than to luck. Fortune favors the better warrior. Gawein’s equal cannot be found in the whole world. He took the belt Lady Saelde had worn from the warrior Fimbeus and survived, at great peril picked Saelde’s flowers on the heath at Colurment for the maiden Leigormon. Saelde opposed him then, for he gave himself a severe wound when he chanced to thrust his spear into his foot; as he crossed the moat to the field where he wanted to gather the flowers, sleep overcame him. He suffered distress in the Castle of the marvelous bed where he lost his shield and a rib to a lion; at Gandroi where he took the wild beast out of a mouth; and in the cave when he defeated Ascurant. Gawein has won great fame in many a hard struggle. The words of his host only make Gawein more determined. He asks his host if he thinks Gawein might be equal to this task. Riwalin replies that Gawein performed a task as difficult in Wales when he fought two giants rather than pay a toll and that the same thing could happen here.

Motif References:

Z 230 Extraordinary exploits of hero
F 531.5 Giants and men
F 628.2.3 Strong man kills giant
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
N 853 (Bm) Helpful jailor [gatekeeper, guard, watchman]

HvdTCr-6210: Gawein identifies and his host is happy that he beholds what he has always wanted to see. They now enter into a friendly conversation about the hardships that both have endured. The guest is well entertained and lacks nothing. Gawein arises at daybreak and arms himself well. Soon the four tax collectors ride up and command him to give up his armor as toll or they would take his life. Gawein replies that he is not traveling as a merchant and therefore owes them no tax. Gameranz threatens him, yet Gawein still refuses to pay the toll. The tax-collector is furious at his opponent and hastens to the jousting field. Gawein is not as hasty, he carefully examines his shield and tests his equipment. When he is riding toward the ring in his shining mail he looks like an angel: If Parzival had seen him he would have acknowledged him as God - so tells Sir Wolfram, who took him from his mother and brought him to court. He cared for the field that she had cleared in the forest and that is how he got his name: parce means “through” and val is “depression”.

Motif References:

H 194 (Bm) Recognition only through direct revelation of identity
P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]
Z 730 (Bm) Eponymous account of personal name
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-6394: As the horses crash into one another Gameranz li Peluz receives a great wound and falls. When his brothers reach him they cry out with grief and carry him off for dead. Belianz li rus wants to avenge the loss of his brother but Gawein attacks him so fiercely that his armor is hacked away. He falls down to earth and dies. His brothers, Eumenides and Sandarab, loudly lament their loss and tear out the hair of their head and beard. Meanwhile Riwalin hastens to get Gawein something to eat and cares for his horse. When he finally leaves the castle with renewed vigor the two warriors are waiting on the nearby field. Gawein’s first opponent soon falls to the ground with a severe wound. Eumenides rides to the aid of his brother who still continues to fight and they press Gawein so hard that his strength at last begins to fail. His horse is slain and the knight now covers himself with his shield until it is cut away. At last his strikes Sandarab a blow on the head and the warrior sinks to the earth dead. Eumenides fights on alone and wounds Gawein, who then injures him so severely that he lies there unconscious. When Gawein wakes him by kicking his foot the warrior springs up and distressed by the sight of his dead brothers seizes his sword and takes his own life by falling on its point.

Motif References:

P 525.3 He nearest to blood of slain man must avenge his death [Blood-revenge]
F 1041.21.6 Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief
F 1041.21.8 (Bm) Suicide from grief
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-6617: Deeply moved by the knight’s sad death Gawein draws out the sword, but he is so weak that he collapses. Riwalin hurries to his guest, unties his helmet and pours water into it to revive the knight. He looks for a sign of life and learns his condition by feeling his pulse and the beat of the arteries. Riwalin thus assured that the knight might recover orders that the sweat be wiped away and the knight be fanned. Gawein soon regains consciousness and some strength, but does not know why there are people above him weeping. He seizes his sword and strikes a blow at his host, for he thinks the man is taking his armor. Riwalin reassures him and then the knight is brought into the castle, where his hostess, Anzansnuse, has made an excellent plaster by boiling fine herbs. She has learned the secret from Isolde of Ireland. Gawein is well cared for, so that he soon wants to ride on. His hosts entreat him to stay but cannot dissuade him from the journey. Riwalin gives Gawein armor, a steed and a fine sword that would cut any steel. Then the knight rides away.

Motif References:

P 424.5 Female physician [healer]
F 668.0.1 Skillful physician
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
D 1500.1.4 Magic healing plant.

HvdTCr-6782: Gawein takes a road that leads around a high mountain covered by a dark forest. He has to struggle with the hazards of the difficult path for five days, but like a brave man rather praises himself in the matter hoping that his labors would bring him much fame. It is on a Wednesday when he comes to a good road that leads into a beautiful country. He sees a castle surrounded by two deep moats and on the drawbridge before the gate an old nobleman, dressed in a splendid garment of a fine red fabric. It is made by Adanz in Ghent, and so costly that it is fit for an emperor. The man is rather old, but of handsome appearance, and his age hardly shows except for his gray and white hair and beard. In front of him stand four squires. Gawein rides toward the castle and the old man gives him a friendly welcome. The squires greet him politely and take charge of his steed. The host, Blandukors by name, has a costly mantle brought for Gawein before he leads him into a great hall where he can take his ease beside a bright fire. His hostess, Amurelle, sends him an excellent garment. Gawein removes his armor and his host takes him to the ladies, who welcome him cordially. The guest is given a seat beside the host’s daughter Sgaipegaz.

Motif References:

P 320 Hospitality
F 821 Extraordinary dress (clothes, robe, etc.)

HvdTCr-6973: In the courtyard stands an iron tree that resembles a fir; it is tall, thick, and round, and on a wheel at the top is fastened a figure that is as black as a Moor and has a horn in its hand. When a knight enters the castle and is given lodging, it blows the great horn loudly enough to be heard four leagues away, letting the toll collectors know that a stranger has come to Ansgiure who would pay dearly for this. The figure has been constructed by a necromancer at the giant’s request so that no man could steal away. Blandukors had refused to pay tribute to the giant and the latter slew or took prisoner all his warriors. After his defeat he had to surrender and was forced to send his son as a hostage to the giant’s castle at Eigrun so that the giant could blind him if the father would take any action against his oppressor. From the noise the figure makes when it blows the mighty horn Gawein would have sworn that the castle has fallen to the ground. He draws his sword, the others begin to weep and lament, but no one tells him the reason. His host pulls out the hair of his beard from distress. Gawein leaves the hall and as he comes into the courtyard, the figure blows again and Gawein thinks it is a man who has climbed the tree. Then it blows once more and cries loudly “Woe to you, Sir Guest, for you are lost!”. Thereupon the figure lowers the horn and is silent.

Motif References:

R 74 Defeated warriors [adversaries] go into [are forced to join] the conqueror’s service
M 234 Life spared in return for life-long service [material compensation, peace treaty]
Q 451.7 Blinding as punishment
F 531.5 Giants and men
F 531.5.19 (Bm) Giant’s prisoners
P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]
P 533.1.1 Boys as hostages.
F 811.1.9 Iron tree.
D 812.13 Magic objects gifts of magician.
F 1041.21 Reactions to excessive grief
D 1268 Magic statue (doll)
D 1317.9.1 Brass (copper) statue at city gates blows on trumpet at stranger’s approach.
D 1610.21 Speaking image
D 1620.1.1 Automatic statue of trumpeter.

HvdTCr-7097: Gawein now has learned that the people are bewailing his fate, yet he is not at all alarmed. He thinks the words an empty threat. Danger only makes a bold man’s heart stronger. Gawein returns to the hall where people sit lamenting and do not notice him. The hostess and her ladies have fallen in a faint from grief. Gawein tries to help her and reminds her that lamenting cannot help. One should prefer comforting advice to cries of grief. His host replies that they are grieving for great peril lies before Gawein, which brings forth new laments. But Gawein simply ignores any foreboding of evil. Whatever happens to him, he accepts it with like composure as the wise man does, who takes the middle road in all things. Unlike many men, Gawein is unmoved by his troubles, but never had to pay for this because Saelde is always with him. Saelde always accompanies the noble which is just for he aids her. They sit there until mealtime. Gawein is treated very hospitably then and when it is time to retire he gets his armor ready. Gawein is quite without worry or fear. He wakes early, puts on his armor, and saddles his steed.

Motif References:

W 32 Bravery
F 151.0.1 Hospitable host entertains (guides, advises) adventurer on way to otherworld.
F 1041.21 Reactions to excessive grief

HvdTCr-7376: Blandukors comes out and when a great din sounds across the plain Gawein asks him what this means. His host replies that the tax-collectors, whom he is to fight, are coming with their men to get the toll. The gates are opened and everyone gives the knight a blessing. Gawein rides out over the bridge at the gate, where two angry knights wait for him. He challenges them. Gawein and Salmanide joust until the latter is weakened from a wound and has to give up. Before he dies he cries out to his brother to avenge him. Ansgavin takes up the struggle against Gawein after a short truce - Gawein’s host has sent him a shield and a large spear. Gawein throws his opponent from his steed and the latter surrenders. The knight lets him live on condition that he be the prisoner of his host. Blandukors takes charge of his captive and the entire company is very happy. Sgaipegaz unties Gawein’s armor. Then a gramangir is prepared, a meal where the host serves many fine foods that do not cause him who eats to bloat or seethe around the heart or give any bad odor to his breath. To honor Gawein there are joyous festivities that last until the morning.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering
F 151.0.1 Hospitable host entertains (guides, advises) adventurer on way to otherworld.
P 320 Hospitality
P 555.4 (Bm) Defeated knights [giant, rescued persons etc.] sent under oath to king [lady, queen] (as proof of victory)
F 851 Extraordinary food
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-7667: The next day as Blandukors sits down with his attendants and Gawein and is about to eat a pretty maiden comes riding into the castle and is received with honor. The maiden is sent as messenger from a land far away. Her garments are beautiful and costly. On her silk dress are embroidered in gold all sorts of beasts and other figures and her golden necklace is skillfully engraved. Her palfrey is black and bears very costly gear. A red velvet cloth covers the saddle, the silver saddlebows are elegantly engraved and the lower part of the saddle is decorated with jewels and gold ornaments, the stirrups are of silver and the metalwork of the bridle is of red gold in which gems are set. The maiden delivers the message of her lady, the beautiful Amurfina of Serre, which commands them to turn over Gawein to her. They will not live a month if they refuse, for her mistress will ravage the land with war. Gawein is ready to follow the messenger at once and asks permission to depart from his hosts. The knight and the maiden hasten forth from the castle.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
N 770.0.1 Feast as occasion for the beginning of adventures or the arrival of questers
F 820 Extraordinary clothing and ornaments

HvdTCr-7853: In those days a woman could travel with a man without having to resist any impropriety from him. That night the maiden secures fine lodgings for Gawein and leaves him alone. She only returns in the morning and the two continue their journey toward high mountains surrounded by forests. There is a country named Forei, which had no male heir, and so the king of Serre left his land to his two daughters. In their care he also left a bridle which will guarantee their ruling the land as long as they keep it. After their father’s death the older daughter had the bridle for herself and drove the younger, who is called Sgoidamur, from her inherited property. Sgoidamur traveled to Brittany to complain to King Arthur that Amurfina had seized her inheritance, and hoped to find a champion there. Fearing that her sister should choose Gawein as her champion Amurfina was eager to defeat Sgoidamur’s plan. Their father had often told them how he fought the knight by the sluice on the mountain stream at the Serre. He would have been killed by Gawein had he not retreated. Amurfina therefore sent for Gawein to obtain him as her own champion.

Motif References:

P 252.1 Two sisters
P 527 (Li) Problems of inheritance (legacy)
D 816 Magic object inherited.
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
D 1209.1 Magic bridle.
H 1381.8 (Bm) Quest for champion [helper]
D 1389 Magic object affords miscellaneous protection.
K 2212 Treacherous sister.

HvdTCr-7964: They pass through a wild, mountainous area. Gawein hears a torrent dashing down the mountainside. It is very wide and filled with great rocks that the water is hardly visible. The girl tells him that this crashing of rocks comes from a river in the middle of which stands the castle of her mistress. They ride on passing the time with all sorts of tales. In the evening they come to the torrent. The maiden rides straight into it and the torrent and the boulders suddenly stop and remain still until she and her companion have ridden across. Then the torrent dashes on as before. They ride toward a castle on the mountainside. The knight neither sees nor hears anyone except a dwarf who welcomes him. The girl looks well after Gawein, and as he asks to see lady Amurfina she takes him to her. Without having seen each other before both are bound together quickly and they long for each other. Gawein finds Amurfina in the finest chamber he ever saw. She greets him and kisses him at once.

Motif References:

T 10 Falling in love
F 451.5.1.7 Dwarfs serve mortals
F 715.2 River of extraordinary fluid
F 932.6 River ceases to flow.
D 2151.2 Magic control of rivers.

HvdTCr-8154: Gawein is highly pleased with the lady, and she with him. Amurfina is of faultless beauty: fine skin, bright, gray eyes with high brows, rose-red lips, small white teeth, a well shaped nose, white and round chin and throat, a fine neck, curly blond hair, rounded arms, white hands with slender fingers. She wears costly garments, which shimmer like the color of a peacock, and a golden necklace that holds an eagle in which are set many precious stones, one of which a ruby that gleams brightly. On her head is a golden chaplet ornamented with jewels: an emerald guards against anger and makes her charming, a ruby protects from all bodily ailments, a topaz defeats all enchantments and a sapphire keeps her safe from poison and gives her a gentle spirit. The lady wears two splendid bracelets, one is of green jasper, that wards off sickness, the other is from Ireland. Its clasps are cut from a red hyacinth and display a precious ceravinus which shields her from thunderstorms and drowning.

Motif References:

Z 65.1 Red as blood, white as snow
F 575.1 Remarkably beautiful woman
F 830 Extraordinary weapons
D 1071 Magic jewel (jewels)
D 1380.11 Magic jewel protects
D 1383.6 Magic red stone protects from poison.
D 1385.3.2 (Bm) Magic stone in ring protects against witchcraft.
D 1388 Magic object protects from drowning
D 1409 Magic object overcomes person - miscellaneous

HvdTCr-8285: Not even the wise Athena and the mighty Juno, nor Venus who won the prize over the other two after she had gained Paris’ favor by showing herself to him naked and making him a promise, could compare to Amurfina. If she had been there she would have been awarded the golden apple by a fair judge. She is sitting on a bed, which is even finer than the bed that a priest of Salie made through magic for Arthur’s mother when she accompanied him from the land with a great treasure - no one who was guilty of any vice or shameful deed could lie on it. Gawein is given a seat on the bed beside Amurfina and when Aclamet and the dwarf leave to arrange the meal they remain sitting there together without anyone else being present. Lady Love can quickly tame anyone and so she has cut away all shyness from Amurfina’s heart. They often exchange loving glances.

Motif References:

A 163 Contests among the gods
R 225 Elopement
F 575.1 Remarkably beautiful woman
F 846.1 Perilous bed
D 1154.1 Magic bed
H 1550 Tests of character
H 1596 Beauty contest
H 1596.1 Golden apple as prize in beauty contest. Judgment of Paris.

HvdTCr-8393: When the meal is ready the dwarf and the maiden return and they eat. Lady Love has found a hiding place with the knight and the lady. One can find many persons, old and young, where her power is evident: Poor Totan was suffocated under bedding, the wise Salomon had to live according to her commands. After the meal a nightcap is served. Gawein drinks it, which causes him great distress, for it wounds him so severely that only Amurfina can heal him. Amurfina and Gawein are left sitting together alone. But they are watched by a guardian of which Gawein knows nothing: Above the middle of the bed hangs a fine magic sword. Should anyone lying beside the noble maiden want to get her to yield to passion, willingly or unwillingly, through entreaties or force, the sword would slip from its sheath and protect her from him until his heart is constant and faithful to her, so that later she would have nothing to regret. When Gawein seizes the lady the sword slips down and wraps itself around him like a hoop. It presses the knight very tightly and causes his strength to ebb away until he lies there like a corpse. He entreats the lady to pardon him, and as soon as he has promised to be faithful the sword leaves him and he now can take Amurfina in his arms.

Motif References:

H 338 Suitor test: faithfulness
D 1081 Magic sword
D 1387 Magic object preserves chastity.
D 1601.4.1 Automatic sword.

HvdTCr-8617: As soon as Gawein discovers that the sword is gone he asks for Amurfina’s favors, which he is not refused. He who has set out in search of knightly combat now becomes a householder and companion of Lady Love, because he drank a potion given him by Aclamet. After Gawein has lovingly done his will with the lady this night, the maiden brings them a golden vessel with wine. When he lifts the goblet to his lips he has to love or lose his mind or die at once. Gawein and Amurfina drink all of the potion, which so bewilders his senses that he does not know who he is and fancies he has always been the lord of he land. He completely forgets his past, his name and position and thinks that the lady has been his wife for over thirty years. His heart is now brittle and weak. In the morning several knights and a number of maidens and an old chaplain wake Gawein and ask if he wants to get up and attend mass. Later a large crowd of ladies appear and then a throng of knights in fine clothing. They all greet him as their master, calling him Lord of Serre, not Gawein. When he hears their names he fancies that he knows them and has always seen them about him.

Motif References:

D 1040 Magic drink.
D 1365.2 Drink causes magic forgetfulness.
D 2004.3.1 Forgetfulness by drinking
J 2010 Uncertainty about own identity.
D 2031 Magic illusion

HvdTCr-8728: Since he does not know who he is Gawein remains idly in this country with his lady and neglects knighthood. Gawein is a generous host, a second Arthur, and any visitor receives a friendly greeting and is cared well for. Messengers are always riding and running about inviting guests. The author advises to avoid inhospitable hosts and praises the virtue of generous hospitality. Men are corrupted by two things that can do much harm: when high-minded lords acquire evil servants and when an upright man, because of a wavering nature, cannot leave a wicked master, even though the latter gives him little. All the fighting Gawein has done is now forgotten, he is now fighting under Love’s tent. But it is better to flee from this battle than to fight too often. Love avoids him who always runs away from her, but whoever follows her track will be subject to constant attacks in which he will be wounded and defeated.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
W 11.2 Munificent monarch
P 50 Noblemen (knights) [rules of chivalry]
P 320 Hospitality

HvdTCr-8832: Gawein is a prisoner of Love there for fifteen days. One day while he is sitting at the table with the members of his court, Amurfina sends for a golden dish with two costly table knives. An engraving on the dish shows a combat between two knights, whose names are written on them. One has been almost defeated by the other but has saved himself by retreating into a river. Around the rim are the words “Laniure of the Serre barely escaped when Gawein was seeking adventure at the torrent”. The lady’s father Laniure has striven for fame as long as he lived and he traveled in search of knightly combat. One day he encountered Gawein at the ford just as he was about to cross the torrent into his land. Gawein drove him from the field. Laniure ordered this great misfortune be engraved on his bowl and soon afterward died of sorrow. Amurfina now wants to increase the respect of the knights for her loved one by showing them his victory against her father who was a mighty warrior.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
P 50 Noblemen (knights) [rules of chivalry]
Z 230 Extraordinary exploits of hero
F 855 Extraordinary image
F 866 Extraordinary cup
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-8906: The lady has the dish carried from table to table and orders that the knights be told the story behind it. They are also to be asked whom they would prefer as their lord, the victor or the man who fled. They all declare that they would prefer the victorious fighter and it is pointed out to them that he was Gawein who is now sitting with their lady. At last the dish is returned and placed before the lady and Gawein. He sees what the writing says, but this means nothing to him. He is more interested in the story told by the figures engaged in fierce fighting and keeps gazing at the contest until he finally notices his name. He thinks that he himself was once called that or that he knew this person somehow. He asks himself who he is, what his name is and where he is from. It seems to him that he fought in tournaments and often won the prize, that he traveled as an errant knight and was esteemed above all knights of Arthur’s Round Table.

Motif References:

Z 230 Extraordinary exploits of hero
D 772 Disenchantment by naming.
J 2010 Uncertainty about own identity.

HvdTCr-8997: He fought his way alone through many wild mountain passes, saved Lady Japhie’s inheritance, which her sister attempted to seize. He slew the giant Galangelle of Klumester, defeated twenty knights in freeing Johenis from the dungeon, avenged Lady Andeclis, whose lover was slain by Iaphine, he came to the aid of Zazant as a dragon was carrying him to its cave, he wrestled with the fierce Matleide at Igangsol and helped the maiden Isazanz to escape from Anfroihin when he tried to abduct her. At Gladet he destroyed the enchantment that nearly burned his friend Lanzelet to death, if he had not escaped from Branaphie into the mountain, he would have left there the wondrous twig. Crossing the ford at Katerac, he journeyed to the desolate castle where he found the treasures Parzival was seeking when the maiden cursed him: the spear and the mighty Grail that once a day let fall three drops of blood. At Bli Maradarf by the sea he slew the devil Sarant, who swallowed the sun, and in the Garden of Dochel he took many a drink from the Fountain of Youth. Campies had to swear allegiance to him, and so did Fimbeus after he took his belt and Editons when he betrayed Segremors and deserted him in need as the wild woman seized him. He believes that he was called Gawein at the time he did these things. After the festive assembly he left and was to go to the aid of a king besieged by a giant.

Motif References:

B 11.11.5 Dragon fight in order to free man.
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
R 110 Rescue of captive
R 111.1 Princess (maiden) rescued from captor
F 163.1 Castle in otherworld
F 166.1.1 ”Silver bowl”: Grail in otherworld.
Z 230 Extraordinary exploits of hero
F 531.6.12.6 Giant slain by man
F 628.2.3 Strong man kills giant
D 700 Person disenchanted
A 737.1 Eclipse caused by monster devouring sun or moon [devil swallowing sun]
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
F 910 Extraordinary swallowings
D 1003 Magic blood - human
D 1131 Magic castle
D 1338.1.1 Fountain of youth
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor
J 2010 Uncertainty about own identity.

HvdTCr-9055: Gawein sits there without touching the food and thinks about the matter until everything is clear. Then he snatches one of the knives on the dish before him, drives it through his hand to the table, and springs up. The lady stops eating and the knights crowd around him. Then Gawein orders that his armor be brought, the company urges him to stay with them always as lord of the two countries but their pleas are in vain. But he promises them to return as soon as he could. He kisses Amurfina and leaves. Before he rides away the dwarf Karamphiet brings him a gift from his lady: a two-edged sword nothing can withstand and which cuts steel as if it were soft lead and a shield that can hardly be broken. It displays a golden lock on an azure field, which means that Love has locked up his thoughts so that he would serve a certain woman and no other but her. Then he rides off alone, for his custom has always been to reject companions. They would gladly have gone with him if he had permitted it.

Motif References:

P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols - coat-of-arms
Z 150 Other symbols
S 160.1 Self-mutilation
F 451.8.2 Proper names for dwarfs
F 824.2 Extraordinarily painted shield
F 833 Extraordinary sword
F 839.2 Extraordinary shield

HvdTCr-9129: Gawein sets out on a broad road and later turns off to the left onto a trail, that leads into a dark forest. Soon he comes to a river and rides downstream along the bank, looking for a bridge, a ford or a ferry. He catches sight of something floating in the distance that appears to be an empty boat and he rides that way. When he gets there he notices on the bank most unusual tracks, which look like that of a dog’s toes in front, but in back like that of a man’s bare foot. He decides to follow the beast toward a high cliff. He finds a woman’s long, yellow tress of hair well bound with white pearls torn out by the beast. On the snow and grass near it he sees three drops of blood, which recall him his ladylove, Amurfina. Gawein follows the footprints to the cliff and notices that the beast has climbed over it. It is now beginning to get dark. Before him he hears loud screams of a woman in terror and he hastens toward the voice. The monster observes him following its trail and turns aside toward its cave where it has lived all his life. When the knight catches sight of the beast he dashes ahead and cuts it off from the entrance to the cave.

Motif References:

Z 65.1 Red as blood, white as snow
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three

HvdTCr-9230: The beast that has carried off a pretty maiden is a fierce waterman whose body is completely covered with vipers and snakes. After Gawein blocked the way to the cave he retreats from the beast. The maiden cries out that he should rescue her or set her free with a quick death. The knight charges the waterman and thrusts his spear through its shoulder. The monster starts to crush the maiden, but Gawein cuts off its arm with his sword and thus saves her. The beast begins to lament its injury to its forest companions and call for their help. They rush toward Gawein and tear off limbs from the trees for weapons. Gawein is forced to retreat with the maiden into the forest. A hard fight ensues but Gawein protects himself and the maiden with his shield and holds out until they have beaten their weapons to pieces. Then he runs at them and cuts one of them in two with his sword, the others flee with great clamor. He kills all those he can catch.

Motif References:

R 11.1 Princess (maiden) abducted by monster (ogre) [monstrous race]
R 111.1.4 Rescue of princess (maiden) from giant (monster)
G 300 Other ogres.
F 420.5.2 Malevolent water-spirits.
F 420.1.4 Water-spirits in abnormal form.
G 440 Ogre [giant] abducts person
F 567 Wild man
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper

HvdTCr-9314: By the time Gawein has driven away all the monsters he is very tired. He returns to where he has left the maiden and stretches out on the snow to cool off. Soon he hears a frightful noise resounding in the forest and springs up. A wild woman comes running toward him. Her shaggy body is covered with coarse black hair as long as swine bristles, her waist looks like a hedgehog’s skin. She is tall and the only bare place on her is between her eyes and her nose. Her ostrich eyes burn like fire, her nose is broad and flat and from it comes a stench that no one can smell without fainting. The hair of her head is black and crimped as a Moor’s, she has a wide thick-lipped mouth and from it protrude sharp, broad teeth like a boar’s. The wrinkled jaws hang down to her chin, and her ears, the size of winnows, droop like a hound’s. Her front is covered with two breasts that would have made a pair of strong bellows. The hands and arms of the wild woman are strong as pillars, she has long and sharp claws. Below the waist she resembles an ape and the place below looks like a horse collar. Her skin hangs on her as wrinkled and folded as a sack, while the sinews beneath are as large as wagon ropes. Her navel protrudes at an arm’s length from her body. The skin of the broad, short feet have many lesions and look as if they are swollen. The feet have strong claws, sharp as a boar’s tusks which she can retract as a lion does.

Motif References:

G 100 Giant ogre Polyphemus
G 362 Ogre monstrous as to nose.
F 511.2 Person unusual as to his ears
F 512 Person unusual as to his eyes
F 513.1 Person unusual as to his teeth
F 514 Person unusual as to his nose
F 517.1.4 Person with claws on the feet.
F 521.1.1 Woman with animal hair.
F 531.1.5 Breasts of giantess [wild woman]
F 531.1.6.1 Giant [wild woman] with nails like claws
F 531.1.6.2.1 Giants (giantesses) [wild-woman] with long teeth.
F 541.1 Flashing eyes
F 542.1 Long ears
F 543 Remarkable nose.
F 544.3.5 Remarkably long teeth.
F 546 Remarkable breast
F 559.2 Long navel.
F 567.1 Wild woman
F 687 Remarkable fragrance [odor, smell] of person.

HvdTCr-9426: The wild woman rushes at Gawein, seizes him and swinging him under her arm carries him off into the forest. She holds him so tightly that he can not move and hurries toward a cave in the mountains where she wants to kill him. As she wades through the river Gawein has freed his right hand and his sword and strikes a blow in her leg. She throws him into the water to drown him and flees toward her cave but Gawein catches her and cuts off her leg. She stumbles down into the cave. He becomes alarmed by hearing many howls and hurries away. In the meantime the maiden has run after him, weeping and tearing her hair. Gawein leads her out of the forest to the heath where he left his horse and they race toward the river where a boat is floating by the landing. They embark quickly and Gawein shoves off. He hears a frightful tumult behind him from a host of the monsters who have run to the landing and carry all kinds of weapons. The one from whom Gawein has taken the maiden is in the lead and at the sight of the two on the opposite bank it shrieks loudly. They find the maiden’s horse which she has left when she crossed the river and was captured in the forest by the waterman. She went there in search of herbs which she gathers for a medicine good for wounds to cure her lord who has been injured in a conflict.

Motif References:

R 11.3 Abduction by giant [wild woman]
R 210 Escapes
G 440 Ogre [giant] abducts person
G 638 Ogre powerless to cross stream.

HvdTCr-9552: Gawein and the maiden ride across a heath toward a castle where they are cordially received. Gawein goes with the maiden to where the sick and wounded knight for whom she was to dig the herbs is lying on a bed with his sister sitting beside him. Behalim, the mistress of the castle, sits in the great hall, weeping bitterly for him. This knight has vowed - pledging his property, sister, and life - to fight a huge and terrible warrior, the wild Reimambram who has slain many knights. Reimambram of Zadas has abducted his pretty sister and the knight agreed to settle the matter by combat before his castle of Sempharap, thereupon her captor returned her. The combat is to take place the next day. The knight and his sister welcome Gawein and lament to him their misfortune. The maiden tells what has happened in the forest. On hearing that she has returned with no herbs to cure him, the knight dies of grief. His sister is in distress for she now has no champion against Reimambram. If he would let the combat be postponed she would try to get a champion from King Arthur at Karidol, if she found Gawein there her troubles would be over. If the giant would not give her more time she would rather stab herself than become his wife.

Motif References:

R 11.3 Abduction by giant [wild woman]
H 218 Trial by combat
G 440 Ogre [giant] abducts person
F 531.5.7.0.1 Giant woos mortal woman

HvdTCr-9653: Many other laments follow her for everyone is concerned about the combat. All weep and tear their hair in grief for the warrior as the bier is prepared. The maiden whom Gawein has rescued advises her lady to ask their guest for help. Gawein will be her champion. After the knight’s burial Reimambram comes riding up to the castle were he is to fight the brother, Mahardi, for the lady. Gawein rides toward him. They charge at each other, breaking their spears with mighty thrusts, and then fight with their swords. Gawein strikes his opponent so hard that Reimambram surrenders to him. Gawein makes him promise to come with him to the castle and become the lifelong prisoner of Behalim. Gawein returns to the castle with his prisoner and is highly praised for his bravery. Behalim offers him her wealth and herself, but he has to hurry away. He continues his way to the home of Galaas and hastens toward the fortress of Eigrun. He comes to a long, thick hedge at the foot of a hill, passes through on a narrow path and comes onto a heath that surrounds the stronghold of Galaas.

Motif References:

Q 53 Reward for rescue
T 68.1 Princess offered as prize to rescuer
R 75 Surrendering
R 111.1.9 Princess rescued from undesired suitor
Q 112.0.1 Kingdom as reward
H 218 Trial by combat
L 225 Hero refuses reward
M 234 Life spared in return for life-long service [material compensation, peace treaty]
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper

HvdTCr-9799: A messenger tells Galaas that a man is riding that way - they think he is the bearer of the tribute from some country. Galaas rides to meet Gawein. His shield displays a black bear’s claw on a gold field, which is to tell that he is wilder than a bear, and he carries a strong spear. He greets Gawein who asks him why he comes armed. Galaas informs him that according to the custom of the castle Gawein must joust with him or take an oath of servitude, swearing to labor the rest of his life in his kitchen. Gawein says that Galaas has disgraced himself by his boasting and that he will give him a joust. They charge at each other, their spear thrusts throw them to the ground and they jump up, drawing their swords. Galaas wants to wrestle but cannot get hold of his opponent and falls into a spring. Gawein who does not want to win in a cowardly manner lets him climb out of the water. He wounds Galaas who at last falls and begs for mercy. He tells him that in his castle are five hundred noble knights, captives and tributaries, whom he has defeated one by one. He asks Gawein to let him live in exchange for their fealty, the castle of Eigrun and his oath to do whatever the knight commands. Gawein rides to the castle with his captive, where the prisoners receive him most cordially and are very happy.

Motif References:

P 52 Knight jousts with all comers
R 74 Defeated warriors [adversaries] go into [are forced to join] the conqueror’s service
R 75 Surrendering
P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols - coat-of-arms
M 100.0.1 (Li) Oath of allegiance
Z 150 Other symbols
M 150 Other vows and oaths
M 234 Life spared in return for life-long service [material compensation, peace treaty]
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-9959: The wounded Galaas is quickly brought to where he would be comfortable. He tells the knights what he has promised and that he had to swear fealty to Gawein and he orders them to take the same oath. They vow to accept Gawein as their liege lord. They are freed and will be sent back to their homelands. Gawein summons them to avenge their sufferings on the giant and they promise to ride with him to Effin. They set out at dawn to Effin, where they are well received by Flois and his men. Gawein has arrived just in time to save him. Gawein tells all the people in the castle except the warriors to fall on their knees on the battlements and cry out loudly to the giant down below. As soon as they hear the noise scouts come up to the moat to ask about the tumult. Meanwhile Gawein and his companions seal out the back and ride up to the giant. When he sees them approaching with their shields displaying a golden chain on one side and an owl on the other he thinks it is Galaas and the prisoners from Eigrun and he is not alarmed.

Motif References:

M 100.0.1 (Li) Oath of allegiance
R 110 Rescue of captive
H 126 Identification by coat of arms
F 771.5.2 Castle guarded by giants (ogres)
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor
K 1839.17 (Bm) Disguise by changing armor
K 2369 Military strategy - miscellaneous

HvdTCr-10039: Gawein rides straight to the giant and attacks and wounds him. A fierce battle begins. Many besiegers are killed while others manage to escape by flight. The giant tries to crush Gawein but the knight slashes deeply through his two kneecaps and then kills him. Much of the giant’s army is captured or killed, the others flee. Gawein returns to Effin and Flois is delighted at his coming. Since Gawein has rescued him the king urges him to accept the crown and rule the land as reward. Gawein refuses and departs.

Motif References:

Q 53 Reward for rescue
Q 112.0.1 Kingdom as reward
L 225 Hero refuses reward
F 531.6.12.6 Giant slain by man
F 628.2.3 Strong man kills giant
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-10113: Arthur concludes a council and after the arrival of all the princes who have been invited, three days are spent in courtly splendor with joyous festivities while they wait for Gawein. The lords are getting annoyed that Arthur does not reveal why he has summoned them. Since Gawein still does not appear the king takes the princes to a palace and tells them the purpose of the assembly: He seeks their advice about something that is to be kept secret, for it affects his honor. Then he tells them what has happened when he held his yearly festival during Tintaguel by the sea during the Christmas season: His knights rode out in search of adventure and when he was thus left alone he went hunting in the forest to pass the time. Because of the cold he soon hurried home and warmed himself by the fire, which his wife thought shameful for him. She said that there is no true lover like one of whom she knows, who does not let the cold keep him from serving his lady by wearing a single light garment. He rides every night by moonlight a white horse across the ford at the blackthorn and sings a love song. She did not want to give his name, but said that one would know him by the splendid wreath of flowers on his helmet and by his sword, shield, and spear, all of which are white.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
P 52.2 (Li) Knight in service of a lady
Z 142 Symbolic color: white
H 421 Tests for true lover
F 527 Person of unusual color
H 1541 Contest [test] in enduring cold

HvdTCr-10213: Arthur told the story to his companions and they agreed that all four of them would ride into the Gaudin to watch for him separately, so that he could not escape them. They had to wait a long time in the bitter cold before the knight came. He took Keii’s steed in a joust and did the same to Gales and Aumagwin. When he came near Arthur asked him how he had gotten the horses he was leading and he told him at once how he had gotten them. Arthur offered to win them back and he declared that he would only fight a fitting opponent. Thereupon the king asked him to tell his name, which the stranger angrily refused. Yet he gave him the horses at once. When the king insisted to be told his name, the knight was unwilling to do this and so the king had to challenge him. They fought a fierce combat until the stranger’s shield was gone and he had nothing at all to protect himself. The king asked again if he would answer his question, and the stranger at last said that his name would never be revealed unless he found Arthur of Brittany.

Motif References:

N 770.1 Chance meeting of seeker and sought
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-10286: The king identified, yet the knight only believed his words when he found a certain mark on Arthur’s head. Then the knight asked Arthur to give him justice and declared that the king had stolen the queen from him. He had come to prove that they had been sweethearts before the king took her away and to claim the queen. They agreed to settle the matter by combat in forty days. The knight is to come the next day. After the king has finished the lords say privately to one another that it is foolish for anyone to try to watch over his wife. They go to a secluded place to take counsel and decide that he should wait for the contest and let everyone see that he is just. If the lady is innocent he would have a wife and a victory, but if the knight’s story is true, it would dishonor country and crown. Arthur takes the advice. The stories fly about quickly and Ginover sends a maid to learn the cause of the uproar. The maid who thinks it would be shameful to the queen to tell her the whole truth only tells her that the queen is accused of what she does not know. Ginover is much troubled.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
H 51 Recognition by scar
T 61 Betrothal
Z 71.12 Formulistic number: forty [Forty days’ limit]
H 218 Trial by combat

HvdTCr-10402: The author laments that often women are maligned by good-for-nothings and wherever two come together they repeat falsehoods, like those men who boast of their success with women. If the author ever lays secretly with a sweetheart her name will never be mentioned. If there is anyone living who wants to defend the honor of women, he will find a comrade in him. He, Heinrich von dem Türlin, will cut down a treacherous man and, if he does not cease to slander innocent women, risk his life in combat.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
K 2110 Slanders

HvdTCr-10458: In the morning after the king has heard mass he goes to the great hall and dresses for battle. A splendid steed has been equipped for his undertaking, with a caparison that matches his surcoat: it is of yellow samite that is covered with a beautiful crown of a gold and silk fabric. A fine flag of like material and design has also been prepared for him. But it is not haughtiness, which he dislikes, that causes the king to be arrayed in this fashion. The warrior rides up and Keii who sees him first spreads the news. The knights hurry to get a look at him. Gasozein’s sister Galamide, a mighty fairy, has furnished him with splendid arms and armor from Lansgei. He is wearing a wealth of treasure: His surcoat is made of a silk and gold fabric that shimmers like a peacock’s tail and has rows of large lions embroidered on it in gold. His hauberk is of excellent white mail, and his helmet gleams like a mirror. The latter is adorned on top with a heart through which a sharp arrow of gold and steel has been driven. His leg mail is white. He has a fine spear, attractive spurs and an excellent shield.

Motif References:

P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols - coat-of-arms
Z 142 Symbolic color: white
Z 150 Other symbols
F 305.1 Fairy relative makes gifts (to half-mortal child)
F 527 Person of unusual color
F 820 Extraordinary clothing and ornaments
F 824 Extraordinary [part of] armor
F 824.2 Extraordinarily painted shield

HvdTCr-10542: The shield displays a lifelike golden lion on azure, that looks like it wants to swallow the world. The wind rushing against it makes a noise similar to a voice, as if the animal were alive and roaring. It has long, sharp claws that are extended, its tongue moves in its jaws and it is crouched as if about to spring. On the lion is a gold boss in which many kinds of large and small jewels are set. His steed is white. As soon as he gallops toward the meadow where the conflict is to take place, Arthur’s steed, shield and spear are brought at once. The king mounts and orders his lords to see to it that, whether he is winning or losing, no one comes to his aid in this combat. If anyone leaves the gate with a weapon Arthur will kill him on the spot. The victor, whoever he may be, is not to be molested. All swear to obey his command. Then the commoners run up onto the walls.

Motif References:

P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols - coat-of-arms
Z 150 Other symbols
H 218 Trial by combat
P 557.4.7 (Li) Rules for single combat
F 824.2 Extraordinarily painted shield
F 999 Inanimate objects act as if living

HvdTCr-10613: Arthur rides down to where Gasozein of Dragoz is waiting on the heath below the castle. The king greets his opponent. They ride apart and then gallop at each other with like wrath. Gasozein dodges aside and lets the king charge past. The knights sitting up at the great hall believe that Arthur has willingly let his opponent ride past and think the combatants are not serious. They attribute it to timidity. Arthur is no longer polite and ridicules Gasozein’s splendid armor: Was he trying to save it or was he afraid to be unhorsed? Perhaps his shield is borrowed, so that he does not want to have it damaged? The lion’s heart is dead and it has taken on the spirit of a hare, which should be displayed by a coward. Gasozein answers courteously, that he has never dishonored himself by flight until this day. He says he is not afraid of Arthur but that they both could suffer disgrace in foreign lands when people hear what they fought about. They should see if there is an honorable way to avoid the conflict. For princes to fight is out of place.

Motif References:

H 218 Trial by combat
P 557.4 Customs concerning single combat

HvdTCr-10763: Arthur replies that he would gladly renounce the combat as long as it does not bring disgrace to him. He was very angry because of Gasozein’s presumption. If what he claims would be true it could not have been concealed for the past seven years. They should ask learned men to decide the matter. The knight is unwilling to abandon the matter to the priests, for they can see to it that the truth becomes a lie and a lie brings forth nothing but the truth. The object of their disfavor cannot protect himself. Gasozein relies on the god of love, whose will prevails in his province. At his court there are no corrupt judgments and verdicts, sold for wealth and honors. The language there is simple and no decisions are affected by friendship or hate. They should let Lady Venus decide the matter. Arthur wants to decide it by combat. Gasozein reminds him that he gave him a fight before in the Gaudin and survived even though he was at a great disadvantage. They should take an oath to permit the queen to decide as she wishes and allow him who gets the prize to be her rightful husband.

Motif References:

T 92.1 The triangle plot and its solutions
M 150 Other vows and oaths
P 426 Clergy
A 475 God of love
P 510 Law courts
P 614 (Bm) Bribes

HvdTCr-10882: The king agrees. Arthur and Gasozein ride back to Karidol with reversed banners for they have granted peace to each other. All the retinue is greatly pleased at the news. They dismount at the castle gate and walk to the courtyard. Arthur sends for Ginover to come with her maidens. Her beauty wounds many hearts. When she appears the king welcomes her and the knight bows. Then the king addresses the company. He says that they all know he fell in love with the queen seven years ago and that he believed her to be his lawful wife. He tells them that Gasozein is claiming her and that they have put aside the trial by combat and leave the matter up to her. Then the king asks the queen to choose between Gasozein and himself.

Motif References:

T 92.1 The triangle plot and its solutions
Z 150 Other symbols

HvdTCr-10965: The queen is greatly distressed at having to declare openly whether or not she has been keeping such a secret. She stands there among the knights and does not know what to do or whom to take. Gasozein overcome with his love exclaims that the king should not have her surrounded on all sides. Arthur bids the knights move back. She becomes pale, then turns red. Ginover then says that she must remain with the king. Does he want to go away in shame to his country with a man she has never known, which she can prove, just because he is angry? He has no claim on her. On hearing this Gasozein departs in a rage without asking leave. Nevertheless, Arthur rides away with him and offers him a friendly escort. The knight thanks him.

Motif References:

T 92.1 The triangle plot and its solutions
P 510 Law courts
F 1041.11.2 Man turns pale, red, blue, etc. from emotion or strain

HvdTCr-11037: Neither good luck nor misfortune can be controlled, as the queen’s fate shows. Ginover has a brother, Count Gotegrin, who is a noble warrior and the son of the honorable and mighty king Garlin of Galore. When the court hears some gossip about this affair he rides out with forty armed men and conceals himself near Karidol. Then he sends a messenger to find out for him the truth of the story. The spy is present during the entire proceedings. Hurrying back to his lord he declares that if she dared the lady would have turned to Gasozein. On hearing this report Gotegrin exclaims fiercely that his sister must die and rides toward Karidol. Ginover stands waiting for Arthur to return from accompanying Gasozein in front of the hall alone. When her brother catches sight of her, he seizes her by the hair, swings her up in front of him onto the horse and gallops away toward the forest. He escapes with her before it occurs to anyone at the castle that he might abduct her. For him she is now outside the law. The queen uses every kind of plea with her brother, but his only answer is that he would kill her, and soon. She cries out for mercy and protests her innocence, she throws herself at his feet but he only laughs.

Motif References:

R 10.5 (Bm) Queen abducted
S 73 Cruel brother (sister)
Q 243.0.2 Suspected incontinence unjustly punished.
P 253 Sister and brother

HvdTCr-11167: Then Gotegrin’s companions begin to lament Ginover’s desperate plight and fall at the count’s feet imploring him to let her make amends; it would be wrong for him to slay her since she is his sister. Yet this only strengthens his resolve to kill her. The knights tear their hair and beards out of grief for the queen’s distress. The queen wails loudly and implores God to send aid and make known her innocence. The knights are deeply moved. They all lie on the ground at the count’s feet and entreat him to let the queen live, but he would not spare her. Gotegrin carries his sister away from them into the forest and the knights hurry off in tears for they do not want to see anything so pitiable. After riding for a while, the count puts Ginover down on the ground, draws his sword and prepares to strike. She begs for mercy and screams so loudly that the forest resounds. After contending for the queen, Gasozein has come riding sadly into the forest. He hears the wailing and sees the knight with his naked sword. He quickly learns who the lady is, because she gives her name while crying out as she lies on the snow. He charges fiercely at Gotegrin and throws him from his horse with such force that his collarbone and arm are broken. Ginover is rescued.

Motif References:

R 10.5 (Bm) Queen abducted
S 73 Cruel brother (sister)
R 161 Lover [unwelcome suitor] rescues his lady
Q 243.0.2 Suspected incontinence unjustly punished.
P 253 Sister and brother
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
F 1041.21.6 Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief
F 1041.21 Reactions to excessive grief

HvdTCr-11286: Gasozein implores Ginover to come with him to his country, saying that he would faithfully keep her in honor and for her sake would once more hold many joyous festivals. Meanwhile the queen has swooned and does not hear what he says. Seeing the state she is in, Gasozein takes her away from her brother far into the forest in order to bring her quickly to his stronghold. When she recovers, she looks at Gasozein and seeing a knight in armor she is frightened for she thinks it is Gotegrin. Gasozein tells her to cheer up, for he from now on will make her forget all her sorrows. He asks her to let him take her to his country, where she will share the crown with him. Ginover begins to weep and refuses to follow him. Yet Gasozein is unwilling to let her go and reminds her that she should reward him for saving her life and for his labors for love of her. His declaration frightens Ginover, who can think of no means to escape him and is afraid of her husband and her brother as well. She knows that Gasozein would be more likely to rape her than let her go.

Motif References:

R 10.5 (Bm) Queen abducted
R 18 Abduction by rejected suitor
N 255 Escape from one misfortune into worse.

HvdTCr-11441: The author says Ginover would never have followed the knight had he not forced her to do so. They ride off. Gotegrin’s companions return and bemoan the death of the queen. When they hear the wails of someone ahead they hurry on joyfully for they think it is Ginover. They find Gotegrin lying like a dead man. He tells them what has happened and that Gasozein has taken the queen. They hurry to take Gotegrin to where he could be cared for and bring him to Karidol. On hearing the dreadful news there is great mourning at the court, with tears and cries of misery and grief, beating of breast, torn clothing, disheveled hair, and breaking hearts. The author recalls tales of much suffering: Dido, Tristram, Gralant, Iwein, Leander, Medea, Totan, Theseus, Alexander, Arachne, Hercules, Iole, Deianira, Phyllis, Myrrha, Daphnis, Dirces, Thyestes, the stepmother of Hyppolytus - yet the grief at the Arthurian court is much greater.

Motif References:

F 1041.21 Reactions to excessive grief

HvdTCr-11608: Gasozein on his way back home is very pleased with his companion and kisses her often as they ride along. He burns with passion for the queen and when they halt on a beautiful spot beneath a linden he lies down with his head in the queen’s lap and tries to get his hand under her dress. She pushes him away and urges him to spare her any dishonor. The knight entreats her to allow him to feel her bare hip just once and promises that he would do no more. Ginover defends herself with hands and teeth. Gasozein swears that he would not take advantage of her if she would grant him the favor asked. At last she gives in. Yet once the knight has felt her body there can be no more truce and he is about to ravish the queen.

Motif References:

R 10.5 (Bm) Queen abducted
R 18 Abduction by rejected suitor
T 471 Rape

HvdTCr-11747: Meanwhile Gawein, after the end of his adventure with the giant, has been riding through the forest on a road that brings him quite unexpectedly straight to where Gasozein is wrestling with the weeping lady. Gawein turns toward them and says that the knight is bringing shame on women, himself and knighthood by using force against women and he ought to be thrown in jail with Lohenis, his fellow in such infamy. Gasozein replies scornfully and angrily. Gawein wants to know who the lady is, for he thinks he knows her, and wants to talk to her. Ginover covers herself and arranges her clothing. Gawein rides up closer and asks her to say if she is with the knight of her own free will. Bursting into tears the queen tells him the whole story. Gawein tells her to mount her horse and ride home with him. Gasozein does not want her to be led away and Gawein challenges him. They begin to fight fiercely and both receive three deep wounds, which makes them much weaker.

Motif References:

R 10.5 (Bm) Queen abducted
R 18 Abduction by rejected suitor
R 111.1.9 Princess rescued from undesired suitor
T 471 Rape
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

HvdTCr-11926: They agree to stop for a while to care for their wounds and regain some of their strength. Ginover tries to arrange a truce but all her urging accomplishes nothing and soon they charge at each other again. They fight on until their steeds become too tired to carry them. Thereupon they dismount to fight on and give each other many wounds. Then Gawein strikes his foe’s sword so hard that it flows over the heath. Gasozein runs to look for it, but Gawein does not want to slay an unarmed man. When the knight regains his sword he rushes at Gawein and such a fierce battle ensues that both of them finally sink down as if dead. As soon as they recover their senses they spring to their feet. Gasozein tries to mount his steed but falls down to the ground from weariness. Gawein lifts him up and Gasozein free of weakness strikes his steed’s head off because he fell from it in front of his ladylove. Thereupon Gawein kills his own horse, for he wants to hold no advantage over his adversary. The two renew the strife and soon both are again lying on the field of battle. They still try to attack each other but both are so weary that they fall and lose consciousness.

Motif References:

H 218 Trial by combat
P 557.4.4 Men’s truth. (fir fer)
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

HvdTCr-12062: When the queen sees how severely injured they are she unties their helmets and runs for water to help them recover. Then she does her best to persuade the two to stop fighting. But the men run at each other again and wrestle. Finally Gawein overcomes Gasozein. The two knights are so weary that they fall asleep on the battlefield. Ginover is greatly troubled for she thinks them both dead. Gawein dreams that one morning very early he has ridden out from Karuin and has encountered a wild boar grazing there that fiercely attacks him. It gives him many wounds before he kills it with his spear. The pain startles him and he realizes that it is a dream. Awakening he gets to his feet. Ginover begs him to ride away with her and leave Gasozein asleep on the ground, but Gawein would rather be killed than act thus shamefully. He looks for something he can use as a weapon and finds two pieces of the spears. Gawein then wakes the warrior and gives him the better fragment. Gasozein says he dreamed that he was with the queen and sailing in a fine ship on the river in Garadigas. It seemed to him that a fierce storm came up and the ship was driven on a rock and torn apart. The queen scrambled up to the top of the rock, but he fell into the water and drowned.

Motif References:

H 218 Trial by combat
P 557.4.4 Men’s truth. (fir fer)
H 617 Symbolic interpretations of dreams
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

HvdTCr-12239: Gawein says that from this dream he can tell that he will defeat him. Gasozein replies it means he will show him what he can still do and, swinging his club, he runs at Gawein. Gawein repays him by battering his head until the cudgel breaks. Once again weariness forces them both to sit down and they lose their wits. The queen once more cares for them. Blood is flowing from their wounds that the road and the field are covered with it. This causes her great distress. When they have recovered and are about to continue the conflict the queen entreats them to put it off until they are well. Both knights again collapse from weariness. Then Gawein says Gasozein should come with him to Karidol to be healed if he swears that he has lied about the queen and she will be free of him. Gasozein refuses and insists that the lady and the horse be given to him. Gawein replies that he should recover at Karidol and when he is well fight him for the lady. The knight is pleased at his words and wants the oath of Gawein and the queen. They return to Karidol. All three of them are very weary and when one wants to ride the other has to walk until the first is rested.

Motif References:

H 218 Trial by combat
H 617 Symbolic interpretations of dreams
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

HvdTCr-12406: At daybreak they are in sight of Karidol and decide that they would all ride their single horse. They meet a maiden weeping and lamenting because she thinks she has lost her lady. She is very happy to see the queen and turns back to the castle to bring the good news to the king. Arthur hurries to the gate, where many knights gather. There is great rejoicing. Keii says the queen has brought back a rich prize, for she has conquered two knights and will recover from her wound. Everyone laughs at this, except Arthur who is angry. A skilled physician is fetched to care for their wounds and two of the best doctors are quickly brought from Montpailliere who watch over their diet. The knights lie there the whole year right up to the feast of Pentecost. Only Gasozein has fully recovered, whereas Gawein’s wounds still pain him. Gasozein goes to the king and thanks him for the good care he got there.

Motif References:

R 111.1.9 Princess rescued from undesired suitor
F 668.0.1 Skillful physician

HvdTCr-12555: Gasozein recalls the truce with Gawein and the combat they have agreed until they were both well. He says he lied about the queen and asks the king to forgive him, his person and his goods will henceforth be at the king’s command and he is ready to swear fealty to him. After taking counsel with his companions, Arthur pardons him for his misdeeds and the queen too forgives him. Gasozein is granted admission to the court society. Gawein is happy about this and at his request and in keeping with Arthur’s custom, a festival is proclaimed for Pentecost. Soon many joyful guests fill castle and town looking forward to all kinds of entertainment.

Motif References:

P 10 Kings [King’s famous court]
R 74 Defeated warriors [adversaries] go into [are forced to join] the conqueror’s service
P 634 Feasts

HvdTCr-12611: In the meantime Sgoidamur, whom Amurfina has robbed of crown and land, has ridden in the cold of winter through many countries. She is confident that King Arthur would recover her country for her. On the morning of Pentecost the court is looking out over the heath in the hope for some adventure. When they see the maiden riding toward them they are very pleased. Sgoidamur is received with great courtesy. The palfrey she has ridden is a white mule and the riding gear is well adorned with gold. She goes sadly to the king and tells him that she has come seeking aid. If she would find a champion who could restore to her the bridle she would offer him herself and great wealth. But getting it back will be very difficult. Sgoidamur will help the knight in his task by lending him her mule, which goes fast and will bring him to the castle where the bridle is. Keii offers to be her champion. When he wants to kiss her, she refuses, but she promises to give him whatever he wants when she has her bridle. Keii starts to ride off without delay and Sgoidamur forbids him ever to turn the mule aside from the direction it wants to go. She begins to weep and say that the task is too much for the seneschal.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
T 68 Princess offered as prize
Q 112.0.1 Kingdom as reward
M 151 Vow not to eat before hearing of adventure
B 563 Animals direct man on journey.
N 770.0.1 Feast as occasion for the beginning of adventures or the arrival of questers
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
H 1332 Quest for marvelous parts or possessions of animals.
H 1381.8 (Bm) Quest for champion [helper]

HvdTCr-12751: Keii sets out on the road and soon comes to a dark forest. Wild beasts have gathered from afar to lie along the way: leopards and lions with gaping jaws appear right where he is to go, which frightens him greatly. But for the sake of its mistress the beasts honor the mule, which they know well by abandoning their fierce demeanor and bowing down onto their front knees. Then the mule takes a narrow trail out of the forest and descends into a deep valley. It is dreadful like hell: its sides and bottom are covered with toads and snakes and there are two enormous dragons that blow fire the stench of which is so horrible that Keii becomes ill. He has scarcely recovered from this distress before it grows so hot that the sweat and heat nearly kill him, and when he has survived this torment a dreadful chill comes over him. Yet he gets out of the valley alive and comes onto a plain. He finds a clear spring shaded by a large savin tree (sevenboum). Keii dismounts and cares for his mule. Then he continues the journey. The mule finds a path that leads to a crossroad on a heath and later it comes to a river, that is black, deep and wide.

Motif References:

B 11.2.11 Fire-breathing dragon
F 151.1.3 Perilous forest.
F 151.1.1 Perilous valley.
B 563 Animals direct man on journey.
H 1236.2 Quest over path guarded by dangerous animals.
H 1332 Quest for marvelous parts or possessions of animals.
D 2156 Magic control over animals

HvdTCr-12840: After riding up and down the path for some time Keii at last catches sight of a narrow footbridge. It is of steel and has sharp edges. The mule turns that way but when it is about to start across Keii holds it back. He turns back and rides home along the same road by which the mule has brought him. When she learns of Keii’s returning without the bridle the maiden asks the king to provide her with a champion once again. Lanzelet wants to serve her, but she objects and says the king should give her Gawein as a champion. He was taken from her at Ansgiure by the rapids of the Serre. Arthur sends word of the matter to Gawein. On hearing how the maiden cried and tore her clothes and hair and would have no other champion but him, Gawein goes to her and agrees to be her champion. He mounts the mule and rides off with only his sword. Sgoidamur makes many signs of the cross after him.

Motif References:

F 152.1.6 Sword bridge to otherworld.
B 563 Animals direct man on journey.
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
F 1041.21.6 Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief
H 1236 Perilous path traversed on quest.
H 1332 Quest for marvelous parts or possessions of animals.

HvdTCr-12926: Leaving everything to the mule Gawein soon enters the forest of the wild beasts which show their respect, then hurries through the dreadful valley and comes to the ravine with the deep water. The mule brings him to the footbridge, where Keii has turned back, and Gawein gives the mule a slap so that it jumps up on the bridge and crosses the river. The mule then carries him down a narrow path toward a meadow on which stands a beautiful and strong castle. Its walls are high and shiny as glass, and all the turrets are completely covered with human heads, except one that is still bare. The castle is enclosed by a moat that is walled with stone. Through it flows a deep stream that drives the wall around and around without ever stopping just like a mill grinding grain. Gawein rides across the bridge and dashes through the gate when it comes around. The only damage done is that a pin hanging out of the lock snatches some hair from the mule’s tail. The mule stops at a beautiful palace. Since there is nobody in the street Gawein goes up into a great hall. A dwarf walks up and welcomes him. Then he leaves him alone.

Motif References:

F 151.1.3 Perilous forest.
F 151.1.1 Perilous valley.
F 152.1.6 Sword bridge to otherworld.
F 163.1.1 Revolving castle in otherworld.
B 563 Animals direct man on journey.
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
F 771.1.6.1 Castle with glass wall.
F 771.2.6 Revolving castle.
H 901.1 Heads placed on stakes for failure in performance of task
H 1236.2 Quest over path guarded by dangerous animals.
H 1332 Quest for marvelous parts or possessions of animals.
D 2156 Magic control over animals

HvdTCr-13004: Leaning against a window Gawein looks all around and at last catches sight of a handsome man, wearing the finest clothes ever seen, coming out of a doorway. Then his body and dress undergo an astonishing change: he becomes extremely hideous. He has slain many a man who was searching for adventure. He is a learned priest who has transformed himself thus by magic; he can take any shape he wishes. He has taken part in many remarkable events. He is courtly Gansguoter of Micholde, the uncle of Amurfina and Sgoidamur and the one with whom Arthur’s mother had stolen away from Brittany. He has built the castle and palace for his two nieces and the revolving walls are to make it impossible to enter over the bridge. If someone were nevertheless to get in he is to die. Gansguoter puts a broad halberd over his shoulder, mounts the stair to the hall and comes up to the knight. He gives Gawein a friendly welcome. But he tells him that a large number of warriors have lost their lives when they tried to get the bridle for which Gawein came.

Motif References:

D 52.1 Transformation: man becomes hideous.
R 225 Elopement
D 631.1.1 Person changes appearance at will.
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
H 1332 Quest for marvelous parts or possessions of animals.
D 1711 Magician
D 1870 Magic hideousness

HvdTCr-13075: Gawein replies he will get the bridle or die in the attempt. Gansguoter leads him into a second hall, then down a stairway to a fine room in which are a table with bread and wine and a fine bed. The magician serves Gawein at the table and carries in many kinds of food. After the meal he tells him to lie down on the bed and get some rest. Before he leaves he asks Gawein to take one of two choices in a game he will play with him, and he will take the other: the guest should cut off his head with the halberd and let Gansguoter cut off his the next morning, or let him strike first this evening. Gawein says he wants to be first and let him strike off his head next morning. Gansguoter has Gawein grasp the halberd and give him a blow that sends his head rolling like a ball. After standing there a moment headless, Gansguoter searches about until he finds it. Picking it up, he leaves without a word and descends the stairs. Gawein lies down and sleeps. Awaking at daybreak he is about to go looking for the bridle when Gansguoter comes walking into the room with the halberd as healthy as anyone. He urges him to keep the promise he made last night.

Motif References:

M 221 Beheading bargain.
E 783.1 Head cut off and successfully replaced.
H 1332 Quest for marvelous parts or possessions of animals.
H 1400 Fear test

HvdTCr-13154: Gawein stands before Gansguoter and the magician swings the halberd twice and misses both times, so that Gawein remains unharmed. He has no intention of killing the knight and only wants to see how brave he is. Moreover they are related by marriage, for Amurfina is Gansguoter’s niece, and the knight’s aunt Igern is Arthur’s mother and Gansguoter’s beloved, whom he had won by fiddling and taken to Madarp after Uterpandragon’s death. When the game is over Gawein asks for the bridle and the priest tells him that he should arm himself well for he must soon fight two wild lions. But first he should eat. The knight wanting to fight them without delay asks for some armor and Gansguoter brings him plenty. He asks Gawein to select a hauberk, and gives him eight strong shields and a steel lance. Gawein is fitted out as a knight should be. When all this is done the magician goes to the grotto where the lions are. He unties one of them leads it to where the knight is waiting in the street outside the palace and tethers it there.

Motif References:

M 221 Beheading bargain.
R 225 Elopement
F 301 Fairy lover [husband].
H 900 Tasks imposed
H 1161 Task: killing ferocious beast.
H 1400 Fear test

HvdTCr-13237: The lion begins to rage but Gawein is not frightened away and comes up to it. The lion tears away Gawein’s shield and he quickly seizes another and gives it a blow that cuts the chain. The beast fiercely attacks the knight and with its tail breaks the second shield. Gawein takes a third one which is torn at once but splits the lion’s head that it falls dead. At Gawein’s request, Gansguoter then brings the second lion to take its place. When it sees its dead comrade, it rages furiously. It growls and roars and its eyes turn red and glow like fire. The lion springs at Gawein and tears away the shield. The knight manages to seize another one, but loses it again. At last only one of the eight shields remains. As he picks it up the lion rips off the front of his hauberk. Gawein finally kills him with his sword. After slaying the lions, Gawein once more asks Gansguoter to say who would give him the bridle. The magician advises him to eat a little first for he will need his strength. Gawein would not take this advice.

Motif References:

F 628.1.1 Strong man kills lion with own hands
H 1161 Task: killing ferocious beast.
H 1332 Quest for marvelous parts or possessions of animals.

HvdTCr-13318: Gansguoter leads Gawein into a splendid bedroom in which lies a sick knight who has a deep cut near the heart. He has lain there in pain for many days without recovering which is because of this custom: Whenever he defeats an errant knight, the stranger can only ransom himself with his head. The knight of the castle cuts it off and sticks it on a turret; the body is buried. But if he is ever wounded during the conflict, he never recovers until another opponent comes. Then he becomes fully sound. When Gawein enters the room, the knight, Berhardis, greets him and is healed at once. He tells Gawein that he must fight with him. Gansguoter brings them two fast steeds. They begin to joust and send one another flying to the earth. Then they draw their swords and never stop fighting from morning until midday. At last Gawein overcomes Berhardis and cuts off his head, which he gives to Gansguoter. The magician sticks it on the empty turret. They go up to the palace and after Gawein has removed his armor he again asks Gansguoter for the bridle. The magician tells him that he will have to fight two terrible dragons of like age that throw fire from their mouths. He will have to wear good armor for that struggle, which Gansguoter can get him.

Motif References:

B 11.11 Fight with dragon
B 11.2.11 Fire-breathing dragon
P 52 Knight jousts with all comers
M 161.4 Vow rather to die (on a spear) than to accept grace
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
H 900 Tasks imposed
H 901.1 Heads placed on stakes for failure in performance of task
F 959.3 Miraculous cure of wound
H 1166 Task: duel.
H 1332 Quest for marvelous parts or possessions of animals.
D 2161.2 Magic cure of wound.

HvdTCr-13417: At Gawein’s request Gansguoter brings him sword and shield and a strong hauberk. Then he asks the magician to lead one of the dragons to the arena which he does. A fierce battle begins. The dragon strikes out with his tail from all directions, but the knight does not expose himself. Then the beast charges furiously and drives the horn on the front of its head through Gawein’s shield. The knight quickly cuts the horn from its head and the dragon dies. Gawein then asks Gansguoter to let him kill the second dragon. It has a green hide with red scales, which are large and thick. It rushes at the knight and intends to fell him with its tail. It seizes him with it but Gawein cuts it off. Fire breaks forth from its jaws and consumes Gawein’s shield. The knight is now in trouble for the dragon covers him with flames and he has to hide his face under his arm from the stench thrown at him with the fire. Its claws tear away his hauberk. Gawein at last gives the monster a blow on the neck that kills it.

Motif References:

B 11.2.11.2 Breath of Dragon kills man [venomous fiery and fetid breath of dragon]
B 11.11 Fight with dragon
B 11.2.11 Fire-breathing dragon
B 11.2.2 Color of dragon
B 11.2.10 Scales of dragon.
B 91.3 Horned snake
H 900 Tasks imposed
H 1161 Task: killing ferocious beast.

HvdTCr-13514: Gansguoter leads him away from the evil stench and to a hall, where he hears a great clamor yet sees no one. He asks Gansguoter about it, and he tells him he will know the whole story before he eats. Those are the maidens whom he has freed from their sorrow. Gawein is their lord and protector, for their mistress is Gawein’s ladylove, Amurfina. And he tells him, that by slaying the beasts and the knight he harmed himself because of his sister-in-law, for all were subject to him. Then he tells him about Sgoidamur and Amurfina. He took Igern, King Arthur’s mother from Karidol to Madarp after Uterpandragon died. Gawein will see his kinswoman. Gansguoter will give him a present that will enable him to live in safety as long as he has it. If he does not leave it, he will come to the Marvelous Castle (Schastel Mervillos). His mother has been worried about him for a long time. The gift is a splendid hauberk and a sword that nothing can withstand and whatever else a knight needs. Gawein is very pleased.

Motif References:

R 225 Elopement
F 301 Fairy lover [husband].
F 340 Gifts from fairies
D 705.1 Castle disenchanted.
D 753 Disenchantment by accomplishment of tasks.
D 812.13 Magic objects gifts of magician.
F 824 Extraordinary [part of] armor
N 845 Magician as helper.
D 1101 Magic [part of] armor
D 1381.10 Magic [part of] armor protects from attack

HvdTCr-13604: The dwarf comes up and says that his lady, Amurfina, is waiting for Gawein in his palace. Gansguoter takes the knight to where he can put on fine clothing and then leads him through many rooms. Gawein hears the sounds of a large company and among them the voices of maidens. The knight asks Gansguoter for the meaning of the music and merrymaking but just then they come to the source of it, a splendid hall where Amurfina is waiting for her husband. She greets him by kiss and all the retinue receives him with honor. There is a great celebration throughout the castle, because the roads were closed by the dragons, which swallowed up everyone they found on them and the people had to hide in caves under the earth. They all thank God on hearing that Gawein has slain them. Gawein tells those in the hall to be prepared to travel at daybreak for he wants to take his ladylove to his uncle’s castle. In the morning Gawein and Amurfina set out with twenty knights and twelve maidens, all clothed very well. Gawein also takes the mule, now wearing the bridle, and twelve pack animals. They reach Karidol in three days.

Motif References:

B 16.5.1 Giant devastating serpent
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper

HvdTCr-13690: They get a splendid reception. Arthur and Ginover leave the castle to meet them. Then Gawein rides into the castle with his ladylove. Sgoidamur is pleased to see the bridle on the mule but wonders why Amurfina has come. Ginover gives orders that the two sisters are to have the best of care. They dine in the queen’s own quarters. After the meal Iwein asks Gawein to say how he has won back the bridle and the latter tells of the many dangers on the journey and in the castle. None now thinks that Keii has acted cowardly when he turned back. Then the queen and the two sisters and their ladies are sent for to join them. Gawein tells them that a lady chose him as her champion under conditions they have heard and that he now asks to be paid. Sgoidamur says that she is at his disposal. Gawein gives her the bridle. She promises to fulfill her promise, but she would not accept being turned over to someone of lesser rank or a coward. Gawein decides to bring the matter before the king. It is determined that Sgoidamur ought to do Gawein’s will.

Motif References:

T 68 Princess offered as prize
P 510 Law courts

HvdTCr-13828: The knight calls Gasozein and Sgoidamur to him and tells them of his relation to Amurfina. Then he tells Gasozein that if Sgoidamur agrees he may have her as his lawful wife. Gawein will give him a country with an impregnable castle in it. He tells Sgoidamur that Gasozein is a highborn king and she accepts him as her fiancé. Ginover gives Gasozein a ring with which to pledge his love and he places it on the maiden’s finger. They kiss. A great festival is held to celebrate the two weddings. Whatever one of the minstrels and guests wants he receives without restraint. Arthur and Ginover are very generous. They both display the same spirit, which comes from the source of everything good: woman’s kindness. The festivities last for fifteen days. Then a tournament is arranged, to be held in front of the castle at Montelei in Orcanie, which brings the celebration to an end. Arthur tells all the knights to ride there with him and they set out toward the forest of Aventuros. Gawein goes his own way and thus becomes separated from his companions.

Motif References:

W 11.2 Munificent monarch
T 61.4.5 Betrothal by gold ring
T 68 Princess offered as prize
T 136.1 Wedding feast
P 561 Tournaments
P 634 Feasts

HvdTCr-13935: While they are riding through the forest, Gawein begins to think about what he wants to do in the first joust, and thus lost in thought turns onto a road branching off from the one they have chosen, without noticing the change. His comrades are not aware of his leaving them. Gawein keeps riding straight ahead until almost evening. Then he hears the noise of a fierce battle that appears to be nearby. When he follows the sounds, he notices that he has become separated from his companions. Hearing the crash of weapons and the cries of heralds he thinks that the knights of the Round Table are jousting there. He hurries in the direction of the din as fast as he can, but the faster he pursues the sounds, the faster they retreat before him. Yet he keeps on their trail until he encounters a maiden who weeps and laments. She rides on a tall horse that is as white as a swan. Leaning against her is a dead knight in full armor. She greets Gawein and bewails her distress. She tells him that she grieves even more because Parzival did not free her and many other women from sorrow on observing the spear and the Grail at Gornomant, because he failed to ask questions when the poor fisherman made him look at them that night. King Arthur and the virtuous knights should not deceive themselves with this companionship.

Motif References:

F 159 Other means to reach the otherworld
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
R 260 Pursuits
N 700 Accidental encounters.
N 771 King (prince) (lost) on hunt has adventures
H 1382.3 Quest for unknown wonder.

HvdTCr-14009: The maiden rides on. Gawein listens to her lament and does not question her, but soon he turns back to look for her and to ask what has happened. Yet he can not overtake her, which saddens him deeply. He then resumes his previous pursuit and once more hears before him the knights struggling fiercely. He also hears a loud wailing and hastens in the direction of the voice. He soon comes upon a company of knights, all wearing the same kind of white armor. There are six hundred of them and they have all drawn together to defend themselves better. The knights are being attacked by a very broad sword and a long spear that hovers above two white horses. Gawein can not see who carries the weapons, but he sees them wounding many knights and he sees that blood is dripping from the spear and the sword. Because of their pitiable situation, the knights cry out in fright. It is not long until the army lies dead. Gawein watches the distress and wonders what it is all about. He sees the horses carry off the spear and sword which are covered with blood. Gawein wants to learn the whole story and quickly sets out on the trail of the horses. The slain army behind him catches fire and burns so brightly that the darkness becomes as bright as day.

Motif References:

Z 142 Symbolic color: white
F 159 Other means to reach the otherworld
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 171.3 People and things that strike one another in otherworld [mysterious fighting in otherworld].
R 260 Pursuits
F 830 Extraordinary weapons
F 882 Extraordinary fire
F 964.3.3 Extraordinary corpse burns of its own accord.
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)
D 1271 Magic fire
H 1382.3 Quest for unknown wonder.
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-14104: Gawein is all the more encouraged to continue the pursuit and he follows the tracks throughout the night. By sunrise they come to a desolate land in which everything has burned up. Neither grass nor grain is growing there, only thickets and thorns. He hurries through the land and comes to a high mountain range. Climbing it, he enters another country. There he comes upon a beautiful, nude maiden with a stick trying to drive large birds away from the fresh wounds of an ugly, chained giant. But she cannot save him and they strip off his flesh, gnaw away his heart and divide his entrails between them. They do not harm his defender. Gawein does not ask the maiden to explain all this, because he is afraid that his quest would fail.

Motif References:

B 33 Man-eating birds
S 148 Abandonment in bonds.
S 160 Mutilations
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 171.6 Mysterious punishments in otherworld
Q 501.4 Punishment of Prometheus
F 531.1.0.1 Beauty of giant
F 709 Other extraordinary countries
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper
A 1074.4 Fettered monster [giant] preyed upon by vulture [birds]

HvdTCr-14149: A short time later he sees a mighty, dreadful beast, as green as grass, that has a long, sharp horn on its forehead and two more at the sides of its head. On it lies a fine blood-red cloth which is richly ornamented. Seated on it is an old woman, whose clothing has most costly embellishments. Her ice-gray hair is falling down over her hips and is adorned by a gold band. Her face is yellow and deathlike and gleams like fire. In her left hand is a strong rope with which she has bound a naked, tall and horrible Moor. He runs along by her side, screaming as she beats him with a whip. Gawein is distressed at the cries of the Moor and would gladly have helped him, but for fear to miss his adventure he cannot stop and he also does not want to get into a conflict with a woman. He lets her ride past. Then a knight gallops toward him in full flight. He wears good armor, that is coal black, and in his right hand he holds a woman’s head by the braids. A knight in red chases after him and challenges him. The challenger entreats the fugitive to wait for him and fight, but the latter pays no attention to him. The two quickly leave Gawein behind as they ride from the heath into the forest. Gawein regrets that he is not to see how it turns out.

Motif References:

B 15.3.1 Many-horned animal
S 139.2.1.1 Head of murdered man taken along as trophy
Z 145 Symbolic color: green.
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 171.6 Mysterious punishments in otherworld
S 186 Torturing by beating
R 260 Pursuits
E 422 Living corpse.
Q 501 Unremitting torture as punishment
F 511.1 Person unusual as to his face
F 527.5 Black man [knight; wild woman]
F 527 Person of unusual color
F 527.1.1 Red knight
B 731 Fanciful color of animal
K 2260.1 Treacherous dark man

HvdTCr-14230: Gawein loses track of the mysterious spear and sword here. He reaches a large forest on a mountain range that the horses in front of him have climbed. At the edge of the forest he sees a shield lying under a tree to which a saddled horse is tied. From the saddlebow hangs a splendid helmet and at the side hangs a drawn sword. A costly hauberk and two mail stockings lie on the shield. Everything is drenched with fresh blood. A large blue banner is planted there, on the top of which rests a knight’s head. Below lies a hound that has been cut in two. Gawein hears the wailing of two voices nearby that sound like those of maidens, but he sees no one. Soon there are three voices, lamenting with such bitter grief that he hurries on.

Motif References:

S 139.2.2.1 Heads of slain enemies impaled upon stakes
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
R 260 Pursuits
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)

HvdTCr-14267: Riding over the mountains Gawein enters a different land and comes upon a lovely sight. Standing in a meadow is a splendid palace surrounded by a beautiful, very high wall of thin, transparent crystal. Gawein hears many sounds of merriment and sweet song coming from within, which warms his heart. Soon he sees a frightful peasant, naked and black, come out of the forest. He is very tall and swings a huge steel club. The peasant rushes up to the wall, and strikes such a blow with his club that the wall is shattered. It falls to the ground and bursts into flames. The pretty maidens inside become silent, then collapse and burn. When the palace is burning inside and out, the peasant goes in and, with his club, pushes many of the maidens, one on top of the other, into the fire. Gawein is greatly troubled that he cannot help them. Meanwhile it has begun to get dark.

Motif References:

S 112 Burning to death
F 163.1 Castle in otherworld
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 527.5 Black man [knight; wild woman]
F 556 Remarkable voice
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
F 771.4 Inhabitants of extraordinary castle
F 771.1.6.1 Castle with glass wall.
F 835.2 Remarkably large club [pole]
F 882 Extraordinary fire
D 1359.3.1 Magic music causes joy
K 2260.1 Treacherous dark man

HvdTCr-14323: Gawein rides through the night without stopping and at sunrise he catches sight of the horses not far ahead. He chases after them. He climbs a mountain that leads him into a delightful country. A heath gleams before him bright red from its many roses and gives off sweet aroma. From the fragrance of the heath Gawein gains strength and all his weariness is defeated. He follows a narrow path across the heath. Then he beholds a strange scene: A beautiful boy, richly dressed and adorned with precious finery, stands there, who has an arrow shot through both of his eyes. His legs are tied together and he is firmly bound to a bed with two iron chains. In his hand he has a fan. The breeze from it is like fire and destroys the glow of the roses when it is waved. He uses it to fan a maiden who lies dead before him on the bed. The cover over her is red as a rose, her body white, and in her arm lies a dwarf wearing an elegant crown made from a single precious ruby. Its radiance robs the roses of their splendor. To one side lies a knight, black as a Moor, who has a large wound through his heart, and a spear fragment with a brown banner is still sticking in him. Gawein thinks of many things as he looks at this scene, but does not dare linger to ask questions. He rides one, but he is strongly affected by what he has seen and does not forget it.

Motif References:

F 162.1 Garden in otherworld
S 165 Mutilation: putting out eyes [blinding]
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 171.6 Mysterious punishments in otherworld
R 260 Pursuits
F 451.2.7.7 Dwarf king wears costly crown
F 527.5 Black man [knight; wild woman]
F 575.2 Handsome man
F 814 Extraordinary flower
F 828 Extraordinary crown
F 882 Extraordinary fire
D 975.2 Magic rose
D 1271 Magic fire
D 1335 Object gives magic strength
D 1645.1 Incandescent jewel

HvdTCr-14410: A short time later Gawein approaches a deep and wide river. The horses make their way across as if it were a level field. Observing this wonder Gawein is afraid he would lose them and he searches up and down the stream for a place to cross. He finds neither bridge nor ford until the horses disappear from sight. At last Gawein guides his horse into the water thinking that he has located a ford. Yet he only finds a quagmire and man and beast are nearly drowned. Still Luck does not forsake him. A lady rides up to the river. On her hand she holds a sparrow hawk and behind her trots a bird dog on a silken leash. The dog is half white and half fiery red, and its voice like a flute, but clearer. She carries a transparent glass vial that is not empty. The lady offers the knight help on condition that he gives her his word to grant her the first thing she asks of him. Gawein grants her any request as long as it is honorable and does not affect his loyalties. Thereupon the lady throws the vial onto the river. It breaks into many pieces and its contents cause the water to gleam brightly and become as hard as stone almost up to the knight. Then she rides to him and tells him to stand up in the saddle. She gives him an end of the leash, bids him tie it around the horse’s head and leap onto the water right along the path of the leash. He springs over to her. Then they pull up the horse and they ride to the bank.

Motif References:

F 162.2.11 Perilous river in otherworld.
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
M 223 Blind promise (rash boon)
R 260 Pursuits
D 478 Water changed to other substance (or vice versa)
D 572 Transformation by magic object.
B 731.6.0.1 Polychromatic dogs
B 739 Fanciful color, smell etc. of animals - miscellaneous
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper
D 1242 Magic fluid.
D 2151.2 Magic control of rivers.

HvdTCr-14515: On the sand Gawein notices a great deal of blood and by it a surcoat the back of which is pierced by a spear that is decorated with gold inlays. Gold letters in the folds of the coat say that the man was killed with this spear and whoever draws it out must avenge him. Gawein reads the letters and crosses himself. When he starts to pull out the spear, the lady forbids it, saying that this is the request he has promised to grant her. Gawein asks her to tell the whole story. She will not tell him everything, but says that the knight named Rahin de Gart was killed with the spear because of his arrogance toward her brother. Rahin took him prisoner and extorted his inheritance, but today paid for it. She identifies as Gener of Kartis and says her brother Humildis is renowned for knightly deeds. Then she hurries away to continue hunting. Gawein looks back at the water and sees that it has become as soft as before and is again flowing downstream.

Motif References:

F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
M 223 Blind promise (rash boon)
P 556.0.1 (Bm) Challenge to single combat [feud]
F 883 Extraordinary writings (book, letter)

HvdTCr-14568: Gawein takes the first road he comes to, then changes to a broad crossroad that goes over the heath. He travels all day, until evening. Then he sees a well-built castle, that is completely round, with tall, slender turrets. Inside the walls are four tall towers, each with an adjoining palace. The two gates are open, but the drawbridges have been drawn up higher than a spear’s length. The castle is well supplied with a series of encircling moats that are deep and wide. As Gawein approaches a drawbridge it drops down before him. A gatekeeper with two keys in his hand receives him, he calls Gawein by name and leads him into the castle and toward a fine palace. He leads him into a magnificent hall, the floor of which is decorated with fragrant blossoms. Gawein encounters a gray-haired lord, sitting on a bed in snow-white clothing. He appears to be at least a hundred years old and is afflicted by his age so that he can not move himself. He greets Gawein who thanks him for the greeting.

Motif References:

F 163.1 Castle in otherworld
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 571 Extremely old person
N 762 Person accidentally met unexpectedly knows the other’s name
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
D 1131 Magic castle

HvdTCr-14642: Then he wanders about the castle to see how it is built and to find some knights. He enters a chapel to say his prayers. When he is about to leave the daylight changes to utter darkness, so that Gawein turns back and implores God to protect him. A flame appears and lights candles all around, and a shrine made from a precious stone and containing a sword comes down on a golden chain to rest on the flagstone before him. Gawein observes the shrine carefully, until it mysteriously vanishes. Then he sees two gloved hands like those of a knight reach out from the wall, holding a heavy shaft with a golden spearhead that streams blood. Gawein hears a mighty thunderbolt crash through the chapel that knocks down the candles. They are extinguished and it becomes dark as before. A voice cries out three times in distress. Then a much louder cry of grief rings out. It is so wretched that Gawein cannot bear it and lies on the floor like a dead man. Meanwhile it is getting light.

Motif References:

V 52 Miraculous power of prayer
V 113.0.1 Miracles at shrine [heroes’ grave]
F 163.2 Church (chapel) in otherworld.
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
E 402 Mysterious ghostlike noises heard.
F 552 Remarkable hands
F 852 Extraordinary coffin [sarkophag]
F 882 Extraordinary fire
F 965 Premature darkness.
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)
F 991.1 Bleeding lance.
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
D 1271 Magic fire
D 1601.7 Lamp (fire) lights itself.
D 1766.1 Magic results produced by prayer
D 1980 Magic invisibility
D 2095 Magic disappearance
D 2188 Magic disappearance

HvdTCr-14712: As soon as the sun shines through the windows Gawein stands up and examines the room, but finds it as empty as when he has entered. Still he hears but does not see a priest chanting a mass. Gawein leaves the chapel and goes back to the hall. The castle is now filled with knights, who welcome him cordially. When night has fallen they go to eat and the company is served with elegance. All but the old man are seated at the tables. Gawein sees at a distance four beautiful maidens carrying four lighted candles in golden candlesticks into the hall. They wear crowns and most precious clothing. Behind them walks another maiden, even more splendidly adorned, who carries a crystal vessel filled with fresh blood. She has a fine tube in her right hand just unwrapped from a costly woolen cloth. They walk straight ahead until they come to the old man. One of them kneels before him by the bed. The fifth maiden gives him the tube and he uses it to drink blood from the crystal. Then the maiden stands up and all five bow to the old man and leave the hall.

Motif References:

Z 71.2 Formulistic number: four
F 166.1.1 ”Silver bowl”: Grail in otherworld.
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 571 Extremely old person
D 1003 Magic blood - human
D 1041 Blood as magic drink
D 1172 Magic dish.
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-14785: Gawein has been watching closely and saw that there was no perceptible decrease in the amount of blood in the vessel. He wishes to ask some questions, but prefers to wait until a better time. The servants clear away the tables and the knights leave. Gawein waits there alone, thinking they would come back and he could ask them about the wonders. But he never sees any of them again. Gawein knows to control his impatience in all matters and wait until he learns the truth. He sits there for half the night until he is sure they would not return. Gawein takes a candle and lights some others that are placed around the bed, for he wants to ask the old man about the strange event. He discovers that the old man is dead. He leaves the palace to the stable where his horse is. It has been given good care and a splendid bed has been prepared for the knight. There are also two white horses, which give Gawein cause for reflection. The knight sleeps till morning. When he wakes up he sees nothing but his spear, the armor on his shield, and a broad field. The castle and its inhabitants have vanished. He puts on his armor, finds his horse standing over good fodder, and makes it ready for the journey. Then he mounts and follows an old trail that leads into a forest where there are many paths.

Motif References:

F 163.1 Castle in otherworld
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
F 771.6 Phantom house: disappears at dawn
D 1131 Magic castle
D 1652 Inexhaustible object.
D 2095 Magic disappearance
D 2188 Magic disappearance

HvdTCr-14927: Gawein turns onto a path that is supposed to take him straight home. He knows that the court would be lamenting his absence and he is eager to tell them about his recent adventures. The road leads him into a country where he has much trouble. Gawein has made a bitter enemy when he took a jewel that he had cut out of the warrior Fimbeus’s belt in a conflict. It was the belt that Giramphiel of Gahart made for Fimbeus of Sardin so that he could not be defeated. It was brought to Arthur’s court. The power of the belt lies in a certain stone without which the others have no strength. Fimbeus lost the jewel during a day-and-night-long battle that Gawein won by getting the stone from him. The stone dropped by chance under Gawein’s foot and its power at once made him stronger than ever before. Exhaustion fell on his adversary who became so weak that he surrendered. Gawein always keeps the stone with him. Giramphiel is a goddess and she has made the belt for love of Fimbeus. Lady Fortune who is her sister gave her a stone that locked in the power of the other jewels and would protect the warrior.

Motif References:

N 200 The good gifts of fortune
F 302 Fairy mistress
D 813 Magic object received from fairy
D 840 Magic object found
D 859.2.1 Magic object received from other world.
D 1071 Magic jewel (jewels)
D 1381.18 Magic belt assures victory
D 1400.1.14 Magic stone (jewel) gives victory.

HvdTCr-15005: Giramphiel is very pleased to hear that Gawein has come to her country for she wants to avenge Fimbeus’s defeat. She urges her lover to wait for the knight on the road and invite him to his castle. One day toward evening Gawein happens to come to the castle at Gahart to get a night’s lodging. Giramphiel receives him very well, yet she is only thinking of how she could get revenge. Since she cannot attack Gawein directly, she gives him false counsel by telling him of a great adventure at Aufrat. As soon as a small dragon is slain, she says, one would be able to see Lady Fortune and whoever beheld her palace would have good luck. When he leaves at daybreak she points out a road through a forest and Gawein starts on his way. About midday Gawein comes to the place where the dragon lives and the narrow pass it is always watching. Gawein finds no hostel but sees a hunter climbing down the mountain toward him with a wild goat over his shoulder. Gawein asks him about the adventure and the hunter advises him to avoid it. Yet the knight rides toward the dragon’s lookout. The dragon lies in a high cave overlooking the road.

Motif References:

F 361 Fairy’s revenge.
N 856 Helpful forester
H 1211 Quests assigned in order to get rid of hero
H 1232.1 Directions on quest given by herdsmen (peasants) [knight, warrior]
K 2294 Treacherous host

HvdTCr-15102: As soon as Gawein catches sight of the beast he makes a joust toward him and strikes it. Enraged the dragon springs out at Gawein, blowing fire from its jaws that burns his shield, armor and his steed. Everything except the inner clothes that are encircled by the belt burn. They and the knight himself are saved because of Fimbeus’s magic stone in Gawein’s belt. The dragon drives him toward the cave, which is half full of hauberks and swords and bones of the knights slain by the beast. Gawein seizes a sword and turns back to the dragon. The beast sets the forest ablaze and devours the sword. With a new one quickly the knight returns to the beast, he throws it at the dragon and pierces it. The sword goes completely through the monster and is at once kindled by the dragon’s blood. It burns like straw, then the beast itself catches fire and burns up. Gawein cannot stay there because of the stench and he sets out on foot without clothes. He soon comes to a castle, the mistress of which is Siamerac of Lembil.

Motif References:

B 11.11 Fight with dragon
B 11.2.11 Fire-breathing dragon
B 11.2.13.1 Blood of dragon venomous.
F 151.1.2 Perilous glen on way to otherworld.
F 964.3.3 Extraordinary corpse burns of its own accord.
D 1016 Magic blood of animal
D 1380.11 Magic jewel protects
D 1382.1 Magic pebble [gem] prevents burning.
H 1561.6 Test of valor: fight with giant [warrior, dwarf-hero, dragon etc.]
D 1841.3 Burning magically evaded

HvdTCr-15224: Gawein is received in a friendly way and Siamerac supplies him with clothing, armor, and steed and with ornaments. She knows very well that he has been sent to the dragon-fight by hate, for she remembers the conflict with Fimbeus and was at Ordohorht at the time Lady Fortune made the belt for her sister. The maiden gives Gawein a costly present, a splendid surcoat, as firm as a diamond, made from a kind of silk that no steel can cut. She tells him that the coat would save him from a great danger and that he would die if he did not wear it, for Laamorz of Janfrüege would slay him by magic. Gawein asks her how the fight would take place and she tells him Laamorz’s custom: Giramphiel has lured Gawein to this dangerous adventure by hate because of her husband Fimbeus, who lost his belt when Gawein defeated him. She thought if the dragon would not kill Gawein Laamorz would slay him at Janfrüege, where many have perished. Laamorz lies in wait there with magic.

Motif References:

F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper
D 862 Magic object taken away by force [recovered by fighting]
D 1053 Magic mantle (cloak)
D 1131 Magic castle
H 1211 Quests assigned in order to get rid of hero
D 1381.4 Magic coat protects against attack

HvdTCr-15294: She advises him to get there early in the morning. The castle is protected by magic and ordained by enchantment that every knight must fight Laamorz. Anyone who fights him inside the castle has to die, only Siamerac’s surcoat and the stone can prevent it. But even with them the battle would continue for a very long time and if the conflict takes place in the castle Laamorz can fight for a whole year without being conquered. Though he will keep his strength and cannot be harmed, Gawein should avoid fighting Laamorz inside the castle, instead he should face him on a grassy jousting ground. There he will surely defeat him. Yet he should refrain from killing his foe, but in exchange for his life make him give the skein of thread, sent him by his sister Ilamert of Lanoier, that enables one to cross the lake. With it Gawein will come to Ordohorht, where Lady Fortune lives. He can always touch it with is bare hands, but when he takes it away he should wrap it and tie it tightly in the front of the surcoat, otherwise he will have all of his trouble for nothing. When he comes to the lake, he must fasten one end to his finger and keep swinging the other mightily onto the water until it flies across the lake and the skein is fully unwound. He should fasten the thread to the bank, leave it there, and ride across the water. When he rides back he will find the lake just as he left it.

Motif References:

P 52 Knight jousts with all comers
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper
D 1053 Magic mantle (cloak)
D 1071 Magic jewel (jewels)
D 1131 Magic castle
D 1184.1 Magic ball of thread.
D 1380.11 Magic jewel protects
D 1381.4 Magic coat protects against attack
D 1400.1.14 Magic stone (jewel) gives victory.
D 1524 Magic object enables person to cross water
D 1830 Magic strength
D 1840 Magic invulnerability

HvdTCr-15383: In the morning Gawein leaves Lembil and follows the maiden’s advice. He comes to Janfrüege and is well received there. Then the host comes and says they must joust before the meal. It is his custom that whoever wants food there must pay his host for it this way. No knight can avoid it unless he swears fealty to him. Laamorz wants to fight in front of the palace but Gawein insists to joust outside the gate. At last the host gives in and they begin to fight. When their spears are broken each draws his sword and they press fiercely together. The battle continues all day long until evening. At last Gawein wins the battle and demands that Laamorz swears fealty to him or grants a certain request. Otherwise he would cut of the lord’s head. Laamorz gives him all that he possesses and will swear fealty to him and do whatever he requires. He gives his oath. Gawein accepts him as a vassal and carries him into the castle. Laamorz has his guest well cared for.

Motif References:

P 52 Knight jousts with all comers
R 75 Surrendering
M 100.0.1 (Li) Oath of allegiance
M 150 Other vows and oaths
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
D 1131 Magic castle
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor
K 2294 Treacherous host

HvdTCr-15649: The next day Laamorz keeps his word and gives him the skein. Gawein departs for the lake that is called Laudelet. Following the advice of the maiden he enters the land of Ordohorht where Lady Fortune lives. He sees a delightful gleaming palace built by a master in accordance with the lady’s wishes of sards and hyacinths, intermingled with golden decorations and a row of beryls. The four corners are of emeralds in which crystals are set to make an ornamental figure and the castle is ornamented with all sorts of precious jewels. The wall is built of blocks of tourmaline, on a prase over the portal rests a brilliant ruby with some other jewels. The gate is a hard diamond. Along the base of the wall are beautiful coral, carneliand and amethysts, achitas and agate lies discarded on the ground, while chalcedony is stacked there. The inner and outer pinnacles are covered with precious material and the great hall has a high round dome that extends over the entire structure and is its only roof.

Motif References:

N 111.1.1 Home of Fortuna in otherworld.
F 141 Water barrier to otherworld
F 162.0.1.2 (Luminous) precious stones in otherworld (dwelling)
F 163.1 Castle in otherworld
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
F 771.1.5 Palace of jewels
D 1184.1 Magic ball of thread.
H 1281 Quest to Fortune to seek fortune
D 1524 Magic object enables person to cross water
D 1645.1 Incandescent jewel

HvdTCr-15722: The dome is richly adorned inside and out and gleams with rare radiance. At the top hovers a large and costly gold eagle, that reflects the sun, which makes the gems shine so brightly that the entire countryside lights up wondrously, as if all ablaze. A row of a hundred windows goes around the hall. Their appearance is so lovely that it cures sickness. They are extended all around by similar pier arches of gray hyacinth, which is also used for the sills and the embrasure walls. Over the arch is a splendid gable of topaz and the base blow is of garnet. The two columns that adorn each window differ in color for they are not of the same kind of stone. Their pedestals are onyxes. The windowpanes are of carbuncle which causes the whole edifice to glow.

Motif References:

N 111.1.1 Home of Fortuna in otherworld.
F 162.0.1.2 (Luminous) precious stones in otherworld (dwelling)
F 163.1 Castle in otherworld
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
F 771.1.5 Palace of jewels
D 1645.1 Incandescent jewel

HvdTCr-15790: When the glare first meets Gawein’s eyes it makes him think that the whole land is on fire until he becomes aware that it comes from a splendid palace. He soon reaches the entrance ties his steed to a cedar, leans his shield and spear against the tree and bares his head. Drawing his sword he then enters the gate. He goes through a doorway and finds a large company. High on an engraved golden wheel sits Lady Fortune and her son Luck. A wind coming from her drives the wheel around while she remains in her place. As long as the wind blows the wheel turns rapidly and thus alters the position of all those who hang there on it. Whoever moves to the left is reduced to poverty and nakedness, but he who comes around from there becomes rich, healthy and splendidly dressed. While Lady Fortune and Luck are on the right hand of the wheel they are handsome and joyous, but on the other side they appear old, blind, dark and sickly. Their clothes are wretched, torn and so thin that one can see through them and see on their bodies the marks of a scourge; their feet dangle from the wheel. On the left side of them the hall is desolate.

Motif References:

N 111.1.1 Home of Fortuna in otherworld.
N 111.3 Fortune’s wheel.
N 111.2.3 Fortune half white, half black.
N 111.4 Fortune’s dealings with men.
N 111.2.2 Fortuna with two faces.
N 111.2.1 Fortuna blind.
Z 134 Fortune personified
F 162.0.1.2 (Luminous) precious stones in otherworld (dwelling)
F 163.1 Castle in otherworld
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
D 1645.1 Incandescent jewel
D 1645.3 Magic castle shines from afar.

HvdTCr-15870: As soon as Gawein steps in, the wheel stops and Fortune becomes lovely, and the throng on both parts of the wheel bows and sings a beautiful song of praise. Lady Fortune bids them be silent and welcomes the knight. She tells him that all the grief of those on the wheel will be driven away because of him. None of them will move again to the left side of the wheel and all will share in her joys. Then she asks him why he came. He will have her blessing and victory and health in all worldly matters. For his sake she will make the castle and realm of his uncle King Arthur so strong the he will lack nothing and he will be very wealthy. The knight bows in thanks. Fortune gives him a ring which is the sign of complete welfare. As long as Arthur wears it, his court will be preserved from all that could harm it. Gawein should take it to him and tell him to guard it well. Gawein himself will have the power in all things to do great deeds. Then she says he cannot stay any longer and Gawein leaves. He rides over the lake that he has crossed before.

Motif References:

N 203 Lucky person.
D 859.2.1 Magic object received from other world.
D 1076 Magic ring
D 1380.23 Magic ring protects
D 1561.1.2 Magic ring brings good luck.

HvdTCr-15932: On a highway Gawein meets a knight, who invites him to his castle. They soon turn off onto a narrow path and before long Gawein sees a castle, called Amontsus because it sits on a mountain. It does belong to Lady Fortune and the knight is its burgrave. He is named Aanzim and is a skillful warrior, who has courage and wealth and is devoted to the pursuit of honor. Fortune’s door is always open to him. He knows how to live well on what she pays him. The knight entertains Gawein as a good host should. At dawn his guest departs and Aanzim accompanies him as far as the forest. He advises him to take the path to the right, go straight ahead and hurry. He adds that Gawein should not be alarmed no matter what distressing or offensive sounds he hears behind him and should pay no attention to anything that chases after him, for it cannot hinder or harm him. He says that Gawein would often be challenged in the forest but he should avoid any knightly combat, nor is he to stop on the way for no one. Then he wishes him well.

Motif References:

F 151.0.1 Hospitable host entertains (guides, advises) adventurer on way to otherworld.
F 151.1.3 Perilous forest.
C 740 Tabu: doing deed of mercy or courtesy.
C 811 Tabu: heeding persuasive voices.
C 833.2 Tabu: turning aside for anyone.
C 835 Tabus concerning fighting

HvdTCr-15998: Gawein hurries toward the path and follows Aanzim’s counsel. Behind him mounts a great roaring of limbs and rocks as the forest begins to bend and break. Between the falling trees the lightning of a fierce hailstorm splits and burns everything in its path, both cliffs and timber. Then comes a rainstorm that exposes him to great danger. A rain falls that boils and burns and with it comes a shower of rocks, large and small, that glow with flames, are transparent and shine brightly like hot iron. They kindle whatever they touch. If Luck would not protect him, the knight might not have escaped. After this horror has passed it begins to snow heavily, the flakes are like lead and they crush his armor and bruise his flesh. Though they cause great pain he pays not attention to it and does not leave the path. The snow is followed by the light of an immense fire and after it has faded he hears behind him the cry of a challenger. Gawein rides on, but the knight keeps pursuing him until he overtakes him and urges him to joust.

Motif References:

F 150.3 Challenge at entrance of otherworld.
F 171.0.1 Enigmatic happenings in otherworld.
C 811 Tabu: heeding persuasive voices.
C 833.2 Tabu: turning aside for anyone.
C 835 Tabus concerning fighting
D 905 Magic storm
F 960 Extraordinary nature phenomena - elements and weather
F 962.2 Fire from heaven
F 962.11 Extraordinary snow.
H 1400 Fear test
H 1553 Tests of patience
H 1557 Tests of obedience

HvdTCr-16081: A pretty maiden rides down the path toward him. She is weeping bitterly, her clothes are torn, and she carries the head of a slain knight in her hand. She bewails his death and urges Gawein to avenge the knight, who was victim of treachery and decapitated while he was sleeping. As the maiden is begging Gawein to avenge her lover the hailstorm again rages out of the forest and the knight once more begins to demand a joust. Gawein refuses the urging of both pursuers and rides on. Both follow him, shouting “Coward!” All at once a whirlwind comes up with a loud roar and thundering, so that the knight and the maiden both vanish. Soon the wind dies down and darkness rises before the sun, but it does not completely block out the daylight. A grief-stricken woman is approaching along the path, whose little child has been shot through the heart with an arrow. She keeps crying out loudly. Then Gawein hears the shouting behind him anew, urging him to stop and joust. The woman with the dying child entreats him to avenge its death and tells him what has happened. Gawein hurries down the path, the knight and the woman follow with commands and laments. He gallops away from them. At once the storm begins to rage as before, with a downpour of glowing stones and boiling, burning rain. Gawein never sees the knight or the woman again.

Motif References:

F 150.3 Challenge at entrance of otherworld.
F 171.0.1 Enigmatic happenings in otherworld.
C 811 Tabu: heeding persuasive voices.
C 833.2 Tabu: turning aside for anyone.
C 835 Tabus concerning fighting
D 905 Magic storm
F 960 Extraordinary nature phenomena - elements and weather
F 962.2 Fire from heaven
F 965 Premature darkness.
H 1400 Fear test
H 1553 Tests of patience
H 1557 Tests of obedience

HvdTCr-16228: Gawein continues on through the painful tempest when a very tall knight begins to chase after him urging him to stop so loudly that the entire forest resounds. He quickly overtakes Gawein and tries to persuade him to stop and fight. Gawein hurries on, but the other continues his urging. Soon Gawein hears nearby a pitiful wailing that is approaching along the path. A knight and a dwarf are mourning a beautiful maiden, whom they carry on a bier. They beg Gawein not to let this death unpunished and add that it is the will of his ladylove, Amurfina, and that he has been given to them as a champion in the matter. They offer to become his bondmen if he would fight for them. Then the two take the maiden from the bier, lay her on the grass and begin to lament loudly. Gawein who has been forbidden to help pays no attention to them. The tall knight scolds and calls Gawein timid. Gawein becomes troubled and it pains him to refuse when summoned for the sake of Amurfina. He becomes undecided, and at last is so moved by the cries of grief that he is just about to fight the knight when a maiden comes riding hurriedly through the forest. She urges him to stop, for if he does battle with this knight he will bring about the same misery that Parzival caused by failing to speak.

Motif References:

F 150.3 Challenge at entrance of otherworld.
F 171.0.1 Enigmatic happenings in otherworld.
C 811 Tabu: heeding persuasive voices.
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper
F 833 Extraordinary sword
C 833.2 Tabu: turning aside for anyone.
C 835 Tabus concerning fighting
D 905 Magic storm
F 960 Extraordinary nature phenomena - elements and weather
H 1553 Tests of patience
H 1557 Tests of obedience

HvdTCr-16365: Both men are eager for combat and the noble maiden believing that he cannot stop them before they charge raises a long mace she carries and strikes a tree so that the mace breaks. This brings on a storm like the one before, with cold snow that both chills and burns. At the same time, the knight and the bier vanish. The maiden rides on with Gawein. They hear through the forest ahead the sounds of many knights in battle. They quickly arrive at the scene and as soon as the combatants catch sight of Gawein, the conflict ceases and each declares that the knight has to joust with him or die. One cries that Gawein killed his father, a second knight that he broke faith with him, a third that he slew his three brothers. Others accuse Gawein of having been betrayed by him, of having been dishonored by seducing the knight’s sister. Each disputes with the rest who is to fight him first and prepares to charge at Gawein.

Motif References:

F 150.3 Challenge at entrance of otherworld.
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper
D 905 Magic storm
F 962.11 Extraordinary snow.
D 1094 Magic cudgel (club)
D 1541.1 Magic object raises storm
D 2095 Magic disappearance
D 2188 Magic disappearance

HvdTCr-16434: Then a knight on a red horse pushes up in front of them and orders them to be silent. He declares that he will fight Gawein as the agent of all, for he is bringing with him his ladylove, the beautiful Samaidie. The knight prepares to joust and Gawein starts to follow his example, but the maiden draws him away and would not let him fight. The two continue their journey. She would not allow him to accept any challenges, although he hears others before they leave the great forest. They ride on until they come out onto a heath. There the maiden has to turn back. She commends Gawein to God and tells him that she is a messenger sent by Lady Fortune to make sure that he got through the forest and does not act contrary to the advice of her brother Aanzim which would bring about the downfall of the court. They part and go separate ways.

Motif References:

F 150.3 Challenge at entrance of otherworld.
F 171.3 People and things that strike one another in otherworld [mysterious fighting in otherworld].
F 171.0.1 Enigmatic happenings in otherworld.
C 811 Tabu: heeding persuasive voices.
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper
C 833.2 Tabu: turning aside for anyone.
C 835 Tabus concerning fighting
H 1553 Tests of patience
H 1557 Tests of obedience

HvdTCr-16500: Sometime later Gawein sees ahead of him a knight named Gigamec riding at full speed and another close behind pursuing him. Gigamec has slain the brother of the other knight, and when the latter chased after him he fled rather than fight, because he knew he had wronged his pursuer. The name of Gigamec’s foe is Aamanz, but for his similarity to Gawein he is called “the other Gawein”. But Aamanz is intercepted, for as he is galloping in pursuit, he is confronted by a knight who would not let him pass. He holds him until Gigamec has escaped. The stranger is a famous warrior, called Zedoech. Aamanz overcomes him and lets him choose whether he would save his life by swearing fealty. Yet Zedoech refuses to become his vassal. Aamanz begins to pull the armor from his prisoner’s head and declares he will lose his head. When he is about to cut off his head Gawein rides up and asks him to stop. Aamanz angrily replies that he will only spare his prisoner on condition that Gawein pays him the same tax in his stead or fight him.

Motif References:

F 577 Persons identical in appearance.
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-16606: Gawein declares that if he gets in the position of the prisoner he would rather swear fealty than lose his life. Aamanz swears that he will never save himself with an oath of fealty. Then they begin the combat and fight bravely for a long time. Gawein defeats his opponent and demands an oath of fealty, yet Aamanz refuses. Then Gigamec joins in and implores Gawein to order Aamanz to swear fealty to him, Gigamec, instead. Zedoech does likewise and both offer Gawein their allegiance. He accepts them as his vassals. If Gawein would have known how eager the two are to see Aamanz dead, he would not have exposed him to the peril of their company. Leaving the knight with Zedoech and Gigamec, Gawein rides on in search of adventure. The two disregard the loyalty they have promised and cut off his head.

Motif References:

R 51.4 Prisoner[s] [hostages, messengers] massacred [killed]
M 100.0.1 (Li) Oath of allegiance
M 108 Violators of oaths
S 133 Murder by beheading
M 161.4 Vow rather to die (on a spear) than to accept grace
K 910 Murder by strategy

HvdTCr-16714: Not far from there is a forest of Arthur’s where the king is accustomed to hunt. It is the second day on which he and the princes are to chase the white stag. The rules of this festival and the circumstances of its establishment are well known. They all have come to Karadas Castle in Karidagan to see who would kill the white stag and which of the maidens and ladies would win the beauty prize and receive the kiss. After the stag has been slain, Arthur is dining in state with his guests and vassals and enjoying fine entertainment. The table is set in the open under a lime tree far from the palace. Then Gigamec holding by the hair the head of the knight called the other Gawein rides up to the king and declares that he slew Gawein in equal combat for he refused to swear fealty after having been defeated. He brings the head so that they would believe him. Then he drops the head on the table in front of the king and rides away. Since the head is completely covered the king and the attendants laugh for they think that all this is a joke. Then Keii warns them that the matter could well be serious and the head could be Gawein’s. Keii is rebuked for what he says. He walks up to the table and removes the wrapping. When he sees the face the seneschal is overcome with grief and, holding it in his arm, he begins to weep and wail.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
S 139.2.1.1 Head of murdered man taken along as trophy
Z 200 Heroes
P 556.3 (Bm) Feast interrupted by man offering challenge.
P 634 Feasts
B 731.7.3 (Bm) Milk-white deer
F 989.15 Hunt for extraordinary (magic) animal
H 1592 Hunting contest
H 1596 Beauty contest
K 1840 Deception by substitution
K 1864.2.1 (Bm) Corpse falsely said to be hero’s by treacherous rival [knight]

HvdTCr-16868: Keii thinks it is Gawein’s head. He falls to the ground and tears his hair and clothing out of loyalty to Gawein. He kisses the head often and after each kiss he raises a cry. He swoons from grief. Then the company begins a great lamenting. Although his senses have left him, Keii still grips the head that none can take from him until he at last regains consciousness. All joy has left them and there is common lament. Then Keii expresses his grief in a distressing lament, in which he praises Gawein’s excellence and courage and deplores with complete loyalty his death. As he speaks he often kisses the head. He complains to God that he did not protect Gawein, who was a faultless knight, a model of faithfulness, of good manners and a champion for women. The ladies should banish their gaiety, mourn the warrior by not wearing splendid garments, put aside their jewelry, become pale, roughen their brows, let their lips fade, and take care that no one desires their love. When Keii finishes speaking he sinks to the ground. Attendants take the head from him. Arthur begins his lament and is joined by all those present. They cry out and often sigh, they tear their clothes and bodies.

Motif References:

P 681 Mourning customs
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
F 1041.21 Reactions to excessive grief
F 1041.21.6 Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief

HvdTCr-17123: Ginover returns with her ladies to take part in the mourning. All of them except the two sisters Sgoidamur and Amurfina have come with the queen to the palace. The ladies bewail the great calamity and kiss the head. They tear their clothes and disarrange their hair, they wring their hands and beat their breasts. When the women become silent Amurfina and Sgoidamur come up, which causes the wailing to begin anew. Amurfina kisses the head and deplores the loss of her husband. Then she gives it to her sister, who kisses the head as well. Amurfina then takes it back and begins to lament again. Then Amurfina faints and Sgoidamur takes the head from her hands and carries it away. The general bewailing and deploring of Gawein’s death again breaks out.

Motif References:

P 681 Mourning customs
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
F 1041.21 Reactions to excessive grief
F 1041.21.6 Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief

HvdTCr-17314: After Zedoech and Gigamec have pointed out the way through the forest to the adventure and Aamanz has been turned over to them, Gawein hurries away. He rides through forests and mountains, sees no dwellings and finds only a desolate land surrounded by a broad lake. He has often heard about the country and thus he recognizes it. Floating in the middle of the lake, he sees a long, broad plot of grass that moves toward the shore. The grassy plot controls the lake and when someone wants to cross, it floats to the strand, but if the traveler is not free of all reproach it would have to remain on the bank. Only a man without any trace of infamy would be carried to the island. The grassy plot reminds Gawein of what he has been told. The ferry comes to the shore, takes on Gawein and carries him across. Gawein finds there a large and stately town. Neither in it nor in all the country around is a single man. Yet the prettiest women live in the houses. Passing through the town, he rides up toward a castle that encloses a round rock high above the plain.

Motif References:

F 112 Journey to land of women
F 134 Otherworld on island
F 141 Water barrier to otherworld
F 163.1 Castle in otherworld
D 934.1 Magic sod
H 1221 Quest for adventure
D 1524.7 Magic sod serves as boat.
H 1550 Tests of character

HvdTCr-17377: Gawein is received there by the mistress of the castle with a hundred maidens. She welcomes him cordially and says that he must be a bold man to have come to this place for she has never seen any knights here. The mistress conducts Gawein to a splendid hall and provides lavishly for her guest. Before she leaves she promises Gawein a choice of two things. The country is the Land of Maidens, the name of the lake is Aifaies, and the grassy lot is called Castlegate (Burctor). The name of the castle is Rohur, and that of the lady is Levenet. When the knight wants to depart, he is offered the one of two gifts that pleases him best. The lady wants him to have her love and her land, or eternal youth without any infirmities. Gawein chooses youth and she gives him a gold box containing a substance, with which he is to bathe according to her instructions. He rides down from the castle and the grassy plot carries him over as before. He sets out on an old road that is well traveled and reaches a delightful forest filled with flowers, clover and the songs of many birds. He dismounts under a splendid linden and ties his steed to a bough.

Motif References:

J 230 Choice: real and apparent values
F 343.0.1 Fairy offers mortal choice of magic objects.
D 1349.2 Magic object produces immunity from old age.
D 1788 Magic results from bathing
D 1883 Eternal youth

HvdTCr-17522: After a while a knight approaches who rides with five squires, all well dressed. His arms and armor are black except for a fine white hauberk, his horse is red as blood. Gawein runs toward him and asks the knight to stop. They entertain each other well as they get acquainted and finally Gawein asks the knight the purpose of his journey. His companion tells him that he seeks adventure that is to be found nearby: A tournament will be held the next day at a castle, which has been arranged by the Count Leigamar because of his beautiful daughter, who will be the prize of the contest. He asks Gawein to take part as his comrade. He is Quoikos the Breton of Montichsdol, the brother of Sempitebruns. Gawein agrees and they ride on together through the forest until they come out onto a plain. Meanwhile each relates many adventures to shorten the journey. They continue till evening and then Quoikos asks Gawein who he is. Gawein identifies and the knight is very pleased, for he has heard a great deal about his strength and courage.

Motif References:

T 68 Princess offered as prize
H 331.2 Suitor contest: tournament
P 561 Tournaments

HvdTCr-17648: They hurry on to Sorgarda castle, where the tournament is to be held. The princes have taken up quarters in castle, town, and field. Since the town is full, Gawein and the knight ride up toward the palace and happen to come to a small chapel on a high rock. Observing his custom to dismount and pray whenever he passes a church, Gawein springs to the ground, takes his sword in hand, and removes his helmet and armor. He then enters the chapel. Meanwhile some maidens are watching from the palace to see why Gawein has gone in alone. One of them declares that those two are merchants who are transporting goods and treasure and are pretending to be knights in order to save themselves from robbery. Gawein looks up at the window as she says this when he returns from the chapel. They find quarters with a merchant, whose house stands below the palace. It is so tall that one can see from it all that goes on in the palace.

Motif References:

P 50 Noblemen (knights) [rules of chivalry]
V 57.3 Prayer on special occasions.
P 431 Merchant
J 1485 Mistaken identity

HvdTCr-17736: One of the maidens has observed the strangers and has been pleased with them both. Pained by her sister’s remark she exclaims that the strangers do not act at all like merchants and that he whom her sister has chosen as her knight will lose if one of them attacks him. The elder sister reprimands her for this talking and a quarrel begins. At last the younger one says she will choose as her knight the one whom her sister maligned and that she thinks Fiers of Arramis, who is supposed to win her sister in the tournament, will atone for his pride. The older one gives the maiden a blow in the face that she falls to the ground and blood pours from her nose and mouth. The matter is soon reported to their father, Leigamar, and he hurries there. But meanwhile the maiden accompanied by three attendants has gone down to the house of the townsman to complain to Gawein about the ill treatment because of him. She receives a cordial welcome, which embarrasses her and she blushes. She tells Gawein that her sister, Flursensephin, has beaten her cruelly in a rage because she praised him higher than her sister’s sweetheart.

Motif References:

P 252.1 Two sisters

HvdTCr-17904: She entreats Gawein not to take part in the tournament in order to gain her sister’s love, but that he be her knight when he seeks adventure tomorrow on the field, and, representing her in the tournament, to avenge the injury she has suffered. Should he grant her request she will send him an emblem. Then she asks him that he should unhorse the knight named Fiers of Arramis, who displays a griffin’s claw. Gawein says he is glad to avenge her pain according to her wishes. In the meantime, Leigamar, acting on advice of Flursensephin, has placed guards in front of the house and with some of his knights has broken in through the gate in back. When the townsman sees the lord and his men in the courtyard he starts toward them, but Gawein attacks the knights and drives them out of the courtyard. He pursues them until Leigamar promises to give up the assault. The count tells them that he has come because an enemy has been spied in the house. Peace is made. Leigamar regrets the shame he has suffered and asks Gawein to forgive him his bad manners, which Gawein does. When the lord finds his daughter Quebeleplus in the house, she tells him why she has come and then goes back to the palace. She leaves Gawein one of her sleeves for an emblem and reminds him of his promise. If he brought down Fiers she would at once pledge her love.

Motif References:

P 52.2 (Li) Knight in service of a lady
T 59.2 (Bm) Sleeve as love token.

HvdTCr-18030: The guests begin to prepare themselves as best as they can for the tournament. A large number has come to win the prize of the tournament. All have come with a large army or a splendid retinue. Their tents are pitched on a sandy plain in front of the castle. The visitors are fenced in by a large solid circle of shields, displaying all manner of devices. Kavomet wears an anchor with which he hopes to find the ford to the maiden, and Melde displays a sword. Efroi shows Fortuna on a wheel for good luck, the device of Iger is a broad scythe, that of Poidas an ermine leopard on a sable field. Laamez of Babylon carries a large eagle, Aschalone a golden chain, which means that he wants to take captive both the maiden and her wealth. Varuch displays an elephant so that his land would become better known. Hardifius and Elimas, two warriors from Agardas, bear the same emblem, a unicorn, which has a quick temper. The count of Bigame and his brother Sorgarit display oars, because their power is on the sea, and Heimet and his three companions, Rains, Greins and Engri, wear a lion. The device of Mitarz of Ansgewe and of Cleir of Voie is an owl. Lorez of Jasaida and his companions wear a white swan. There are many knights who have their own insignia, others do not. The vassals of the duke of Aram all display a pair of wings.

Motif References:

P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols - coat-of-arms
Z 150 Other symbols

HvdTCr-18181: The following morning every man gets ready for the tournament and they dress slowly and with care. When they are ready to begin a page reports that a knight has already entered the lists and jousts against a proud Arabian whom he has lifted out of the saddle. Qoikos steals away from Gawein and soon catches sight of a single knight coming along the edge of the forest looking for a joust. Quoikos unhorses him. Many spears are shattered in splendid jousts. By now the knights in the town have also got ready for the tournament. They come to the arena and each finds what he seeks. Fiers of Arramis hurries to the arena eager to put to shame anyone who thinks he will win the beautiful lady he has long served. A page runs up and tells them who of the knights is about to joust - he identifies them by their emblems. There are many jousts and the troops crash together in mighty charges. A great din arises of resounding flutes, drumming tambourines, and shouting heralds, because the struggle has gotten wild and confused and the fighting becomes general.

Motif References:

P 561 Tournaments

HvdTCr-18415: Fiers of Arramis joins the fighting and wins great praise, which displeases Quoikos. He asks Gawein why he is not jousting. Gawein attacks Fiers and makes him his captive. Fiers quickly pledges fealty. A herald is running about calling for more contests and Gawein and Qoikos make some captives. The tournament continues without a pause. Leigamar strikes at Gawein and at once is thrown to the ground. He swears fealty to Quoikos. Many knights have fallen to the earth at Gawein’s hand. At last the tournament ends. Then the ladies up in the palace are told how Leigamar and Fiers have been taken captive by a mighty warrior whom nobody knows. There is no ornament that might reveal who he is except that his shield displays a tiny red flame on a black field and is adorned by a white sleeve, which is all tattered. When Flursensephin hears what has happened, she is so grieved for her father and her lover and so shocked at the victory of her sister’s knight that she cannot stand. The little maiden, on the other hand, is overjoyed.

Motif References:

T 59.2 (Bm) Sleeve as love token.
P 91 (Li) Heraldic figures and symbols - coat-of-arms
Z 150 Other symbols
R 222 Unknown knight (Three days’ tournament)
P 561 Tournaments

HvdTCr-18622: Meanwhile Gawein and Quoikos ride in state to their quarters, followed by a throng of minstrels and pages who hope to be well rewarded. Gawein orders that the steeds he has won be divided among them. After their meal discussions concerning prisoners are held everywhere. Leigamar and a noble troop that Gawein has captured rides down from the castle, and the affair is settled according to law. The count and Fiers are sent to the little maiden, the others are turned over to Gawein’s host. They give him so much goods as ransom that from then on he can live with no fear of poverty. But each one can bargain with him and pay according to whether he is rich or poor. The following morning Flursensephin is brought to Gawein because of his prowess in the tournament. But Gawein makes them award the prize to his comrade instead of to him, saying that Quoikos would be a good match for her. He has castles and lands and is not a wanderer. A wedding celebration is held with great pomp that lasts for a week.

Motif References:

T 68 Princess offered as prize
R 99 (Bm) Ransom
T 136.1 Wedding feast
L 225 Hero refuses reward
P 555.4 (Bm) Defeated knights [giant, rescued persons etc.] sent under oath to king [lady, queen] (as proof of victory)
P 561 Tournaments

HvdTCr-18680: After the festivities are over, Gawein leaves Ansgoi. He rides toward a large, dense forest, in which he hears the sounds of hunters and hounds. He takes a crossroad through the forest until he comes upon some knights and their gray-headed lord surrounding the game they have killed. As soon as they catch sight of Gawein they greet him and ask him to dismount, but he does not wish to stop and leaves them at their hunt. The road leads him out of the forest and he comes into the open, where he sees a splendid tent standing on a broad meadow. In it are a lady and four maidens. The lady has come because it is May and her whole life is devoted to joy; all the world’s happiness that she desires is in her power. She is the goddess Enfeidas, who is Arthur’s aunt and queen of Avalon. She recognizes Gawein and goes to greet him by kiss. Then she reminds him that he is a close relative of her. She last saw him before she lost her brother Uterpandragon. Then she tells him that he is being mourned for everyone thinks he has been killed. She also tells him that the road will take him to a nearby castle named Karamphi, where he will suffer great distress, but will not perish. She warns him to spend the night there, because he will be in danger in Karamphi.

Motif References:

F 252.2 Fairy queen
F 347 Fairy advisor [advice from dwarf]
N 815 Fairy as helper
K 1860 Deception by feigned death (sleep)

HvdTCr-18779: Gawein takes leave of the lady and follows the same road as before. He is sad because Arthur and his companions are deprived of joy, but quite unconcerned about the peril ahead of himself. Soon he comes to the bridge at the castle gate and is admitted. Up in front of the tower sits a dwarf and a maiden playing chess. The latter gives him a cordial welcome, when Gawein comes in. She tells the dwarf to dress the knight in some fine clothes she gives him and care for his armor. Gawein then goes back to the tower and begins the same game. Among the knights whom Gawein has encountered in the forest was Angaras of Karamphi, the son of the old lord, who realized who Gawein was but did not tell anyone. Instead he hurries with his men toward the castle where he hopes to find Gawein. Many years before, when Angaras was still a child, Gawein has slain the brother of Angaras in a tournament. Now he is seeking vengeance. He soon learns that Gawein is at Karamphi and would spend the night there.

Motif References:

N 399 Additional unlucky accidents
P 525.3 He nearest to blood of slain man must avenge his death [Blood-revenge]

HvdTCr-18855: Angaras comes upon Gawein without warning. When she sees the men running toward them the maiden warns the knight, runs to her brother and seizes him in her arms. Meanwhile the chessboard has become Gawein’s weapon and he advances on the knights. He drives them out. Seimeret slams the door and makes it fast with bolts and bars. Then she insists that Gawein goes up with her into the tower for a large throng gathers in front of the door. Angaras tells them about his brother’s death and at his command those outside get large poles so that they can break in. In the meantime his father arrives. When he hears what has happened he is sad, for as an honest man he is most concerned with the honor of his house. Angaras has to halt the attack and an agreement is made: Gawein has to swear that within a year he would find the spear and the Grail for Angaras or return to be imprisoned. Gawein gives his promise and the term is set at a year and a day. Seimeret leads him down from the tower and there is a joyous celebration.

Motif References:

R 4 Surprise capture
Z 72.0.1 (Bm) Year time limit on quest
P 320 Hospitality
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper
H 1219.5 Quest assigned [to] prisoner.
H 1320.1 Quest for magic object: [grail].

HvdTCr-18934: Gawein departs in the morning and soon comes to where there has been a large camp on a heath. He finds two maidens weeping over a lady whose head lies in the lap of one of them and who seems dead. Gawein asks them why they are wailing and they tell him the cause of their grief: The lady lying there dead came to a festival with her beloved, who was winning high praise for his knightly skill until at last a black warrior rode up with a long spear, the two edges of which had been sharpened. The lord saw this, but gave him a joust nevertheless and the black man struck him near the heart and drove the lance through his body. Then he knocked him from his steed and carried him away. The lady died of grief. The maidens implore Gawein to help them get her home. Although he would have liked to refuse Gawein is moved by their plea and does their will. He lifts the woman up in front of him and rides across the heath toward the forest. The maidens tell him which direction he should go. Meanwhile the dead lady begins to move and tears the ribbons from her hair and all the ornaments from her clothing. Gawein is startled, for dead people can be frightening.

Motif References:

Z 143 Symbolic color: black
T 211.9 Excessive grief at husband’s or wife’s death
F 527.5 Black man [knight; wild woman]
F 832 Extraordinary lance
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
F 1041.21.6 Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief
K 2260.1 Treacherous dark man

HvdTCr-19021: He sets her down on the ground, she wails and implores him to avenge her husband, who is burning like a coal with the knight standing right beside him. She will guide him. Then she falls down and, screaming, rips her headdress to pieces and tears her hair. The two maidens start to lament and wring their hands. Their faces become swollen from weeping, they tear hair and clothing, beat their breasts and tear out their tresses. Gawein feels sorry for the pretty women, but cannot stop them. He says that he will avenge the lady’s loved one and asks them how he could find the murderer. They are happy to do this and their grief turns to joy. They go to the place where the knight is lying. Standing over him as he burns is another knight, black as a Moor, who wears light, shining armor and holds in his right hand a broad glaive, with both edges well sharpened. Its steel is hard and shines more brightly than a mirror, but everything else about him is black; his coat of arms consists only of a black field. Gawein asks him why he killed the knight. The black man replies that he did not practice murder and will defend himself of the crime.

Motif References:

S 139.2.2 Other indignities to corpse
Z 143 Symbolic color: black
T 211.9 Excessive grief at husband’s or wife’s death
Q 491 Indignity to corpse as punishment
F 527.5 Black man [knight; wild woman]
F 832 Extraordinary lance
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
F 1041.21.6 Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief
K 2260.1 Treacherous dark man

HvdTCr-19178: Gawein challenges him and they charge furiously at each other. Gawein throws his foe to the ground dead. When the blood from the wound pours over the spear, a very bright flame leaps up and burns away the shaft right up to Gawein’s hand. The black knight is consumed completely, as are his armor, his glaive and steed. The ladies are delighted at this and thank Gawein. Gawein is astonished that they are so full of joy now and asks them to tell him about the strange happenings: two men vanishing in flames. The lady tells him how this misfortune befell the knights. A clan brought calamity down on itself through excessive pride: it did not fear God. Its members were therefore condemned by divine power to end their lives in knightly sport, losing body and soul thereby. And God ordained that His messenger and their executioner should be this black man, who carried out the mission by means of the glaive. That is why neither courage nor help could free them or save their souls and bodies from destruction unless the spear of a warrior outside the clan should defeat him in mortal combat. Then the curse would be lifted forever. Gawein has now brought them this comfort.

Motif References:

C 53.2 Tabu: arrogance toward deity.
H 218 Trial by combat
Q 220 Impiety punished
Q 331 Pride punished
M 411.4.1 Curse by a god
M 460 Curses on families
Q 556 Curse as punishment.
F 832 Extraordinary lance
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
F 882 Extraordinary fire
C 937.1 Immortality lost because of breach of tabu.
F 964.3.2 Extraordinary blood catches fire
F 964.3.3 Extraordinary corpse burns of its own accord.
D 1003 Magic blood - human
D 1086 Magic lance
D 1271 Magic fire

HvdTCr-19294: Then the lady tells Gawein that it has long been foretold that this affliction would last until it was God’s will for Gawein to come. He would then surely set the land free. It has been troubled for many years and many warriors have come seeking adventure here only to lose their lives. Therefore she knows for certain that he is Gawein. Then Gawein takes leave of them and goes on his way. He follows a trail toward the forest and leaves the heath behind. Gawein finds a path in the forest and soon comes to a wounded knight who is lying under a linden and being cared for by a maiden. She holds his head in her lap. No shield or spear is to be seen, only a horse that is tied nearby. The knight is Lohenis of Rahaz who is lying there to get revenge. He hates Gawein. Lohenis belonged to Arthur’s court and was a member of the Round Table when he was justly imprisoned for an act of violence against a maiden. Gawein took him captive and following the advice of the courtiers ordered that he be punished in accordance with their custom.

Motif References:

Q 244 Punishment for ravisher [rape].
Z 254 Destined hero
M 310 Favorable prophecies
M 361 Fated hero
T 471 Rape

HvdTCr-19386: It is a credit to the kingdom that a maiden can do as she pleases without surveillance. She could ride about with a knight for a whole year without losing her good name. Should he want her love she might decide for herself to grant him her favors, but the knight would not try to gain them by force. If he does and it becomes known, he is outlawed, stripped of property and liegemen and abandoned by monarch and country. If he is caught, he is locked up in a vile prison, unless some warrior who wants to free him should be able to capture twenty knights one after the other without a pause or a single failure. These knights would be assigned to the maiden so that she might do with their property and life as a recompense for the offense. But even though the evildoer might thus be set free he would still be forced to leave the country for seven years and if she wants would have to be his victim’s faithful lover the rest of his life. This is the sentence that Arthur has imposed for rape.

Motif References:

P 60 Noble (gentle) ladies
R 99 (Bm) Ransom
Q 244 Punishment for ravisher [rape].
Q 431.6 Banishment for rape.
T 471 Rape

HvdTCr-19447: Lohenis of Rahaz has ravished a maiden while she was riding with him and she has lamented the deed to King Arthur, because the knight belonged to his retinue. Gawein captured him and threw him into a cell which he shared with the dogs. He was confined there for fourteen weeks. Gawein finally released him in the manner referred to. Lohenis was forgiven by the maiden but still was forced to leave the court and the land in dishonor. Seven years have past since he was banished from the fellowship of knights and king, and he is still determined to take vengeance on Gawein. Since he dares not face him in open battle, the knight manages through cunning to get a wide wound. Then he has himself brought there, laid beside the road on which Gawein would ride past. A magic spell prevents Gawein from recognizing Lohenis. He is very sorry for the warrior and for the weeping lady and turns toward them at once. Lohenis begs Gawein to dismount and help him bind his wound, which he does. When he starts to ride off, Lohenis begs him that he may entrust to him his ladylove, Emblie. Then he asks Gawein to enable him to receive the Holy Communion before he dies, by lending him his horse to ride to a hermit nearby, his ladylove will return it to him.

Motif References:

Q 244 Punishment for ravisher [rape].
Q 431.6 Banishment for rape.
T 471 Rape
Q 478.2 Adulterer [ravisher, rapist] compelled to eat with dog[s].
D 1710 Possession of magic powers.
K 1800 Deception by disguise or illusion.
K 1818 Disguise as sick man
D 2031 Magic illusion
K 2247.3 (Bm) Treacherous knight

HvdTCr-19582: Gawein denies this request saying that it is unreasonable now for he is traveling through the lands in search of fame and could not do without his horse. Thereupon Lohenis asks him to see if a peasant who is riding this way would lend him his pony. During their conversation a young man of most ugly person and dress has come riding up. His skin is glossy green and black like a monster’s, his hair is sharp as a hedgehog’s, stuck up all around, and kept wet by some evil fluid exuding of it. His yellow eyes are swollen and drip pus, his cheekbones are higher than the eyes and protrude beyond the eyelashes. Elsewhere his face looks as if it has been squeezed flat, for there is no flesh over the bones. The upper head has a point in front projecting like a horn, and large black veins wound around it like a net. The ears are turned up like those of a large watchdog. He has bristly eyebrows and eyelashes, his nose is large and bloated and set in a depression. Seen from the front it is broad, flat, crooked and high on the face. Out of each nostril come stiff and filthy hair. His mouth is wide, his lips thin, and he keeps drooling constantly over his beard. The beard looks as if it has been sown, but not thickly, over the cheeks. Its hairs are about the length of a finger and straight. His teeth are broken and worn down, except the four at the corners, which stick out a distance of two hands and are red and black.

Motif References:

F 510 Monstrous persons
F 511.2 Person unusual as to his ears
F 511.3 Person with horns
F 511.1 Person unusual as to his face
F 512 Person unusual as to his eyes
F 513.1 Person unusual as to his teeth
F 513 Person unusual as to his mouth
F 514 Person unusual as to his nose
F 527.2 Green knight
F 542.1 Long ears
F 543 Remarkable nose.
F 544.0.1 Remarkably large mouth
F 544.3.5 Remarkably long teeth.
F 545.2.2 Horns on forehead
F 555 Remarkable hair
F 576 Extraordinary ugliness
K 2270 Deformed villain.

HvdTCr-19697: The head is large, with a long, narrow chin. The neck is small and thin and surrounded by lumps down to the collarbone and large veins. Both head and neck are covered with herpetic eruptions. He has two large humps, one in front, the other behind, and going down to his legs. His belly is bloated, but below it he is so slender that two hands could encircle him. His arms are bent, and he can not straighten them or stretch them out, for they bend around in a curve right down to his hands. Where his clothes do not cover them, they look like two burnt sticks. The man is shriveled and deformed. His hands and fingers are swollen and covered with dirt. The nails are decayed and hardened and covered by the cuticles. His legs are long, thin and crooked, dirty and weak. His feet are broad and so short that one can hardly distinguish the toes. The toes have no nails and are flat; the heels stick out like spurs and turn up from the ground. The wretched clothing he wears is made of goat hair and his shoes have worn away from the soles of his feet. Nature has completely ruined him, making him into a grotesque creature.

Motif References:

F 510 Monstrous persons
F 511 Person unusual as to his head
F 516 Person unusual as to his arms
F 517.1 Person unusual as to his feet
F 529.9 (Bm) Men with humps on front and back
F 529.6 Person with enormous belly
F 548 Remarkable legs
F 551 Remarkable feet
F 576 Extraordinary ugliness
K 2270 Deformed villain.

HvdTCr-19787: The peasant rides a weak and tired horse. It is so weak because it has subsisted only on thistles all its life. The beast would be white if it was clean, but it is covered with filth. The horse’s large and long head is bald, for its hair has been destroyed by mange, which has spread all over the animal. Its eyes are glassy. It has long, thin teeth scattered here and there and a wolf’s tooth sticks out further than the others. The cheeks and all its members are very ugly. The horse is saddle-high behind but low in front, so it sways from one side to the other as it walks. The beast is asthmatic and swaybacked and has knobby knees, its hooves are all split and its shoulders are damaged by disease. It limps and is crooked, has galls and is lame. It has neither shoes nor tail. The nose and ears are without hair. The riding gear is in keeping with the horse that bears it, the saddle is made of bast, breast strap and stirrups are bad, the saddle cushion from straw.

Motif References:

F 576 Extraordinary ugliness

HvdTCr-19948: The peasant approaches and Gawein questions him concerning his destination. The man replies most impolitely and starts insulting the knight. As Gawein cannot persuade him with either kindness or threats to reveal anything about his business he pulls him down from the nag. The peasant cries out loudly and runs off into the forest shouting invectives. Lohenis and his ladylove have been watching and now the lady seizes her horse and mounts. Lohenis springs up from the ground, leaps onto Gawein’s charger and rides it back and forth in front of him crying that he will make Gawein pay for the disgrace he suffered at Arthur’s court. Then he rides away. Only then Gawein fully comprehends the deception. Yet all this does not alter his customary cheerfulness. Gawein mounts the nag since he can get no other steed.

Motif References:

K 1240 Deception into humiliating position - miscellaneous

HvdTCr-20082: After he has ridden for a while, the peasant approaches from behind and begins shouting abuse. The man does not leave him until Gawein, who pays little attention to the peasant, comes to a heath. There he screams more loudly than before and then turns back into the forest. Gawein rides out onto the heath and at once sees before him a splendid castle and landscape. The castle stands beyond a broad stream on a high hill and is surrounded by a delightful plain of wheat, rye, grass, of fruits, grapes and flowers, that give a sweet aroma to the whole land. The castle is large, rich and well protected by cliffs and natural moats. It is enclosed by walls and towers of long, thick bricks of stone that is covered with polished marble - green, white, and blue - trimmed everywhere with gold. Gansguoter of Micholde wanted it thus. There is a palace with vaulted windows all around, five hundred of them, distinguished by pillars of different colors and with a skillful arrangement of mighty, fully-drawn bows and crossbows on the sills. When the windows are closed, the strings and arrows are relaxed, but when the windows are opened, they are drawn tight again.

Motif References:

P 552.4 War-machines
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
F 771.1 Castle of unusual material
F 782 Extraordinary doors and windows

HvdTCr-20150: Gawein has an unpleasant ride on the jade. Meanwhile Lohenis has sent forth a warrior from Rahaz – his name is Ansgü – on Gawein’s horse with instructions to slay his foe and thus avenge the shame he suffered at Arthur’s court. Lohenis told him how he has just tricked Gawein and that it would be easy to defeat the knight for he is on foot. Ansgü rides to the ford at Madarp. He races after Gawein and urges him to stop and joust with him. Gawein has to wait whether he likes it or not, because in any case, riding the nag, he would soon be overtaken. They meet and agree to a joust. After Gawein has received a spear from Ansgü he holds the nag right where it is, because it would not move when it is spurred. Luck and courage save Gawein, for his spear strikes Ansgü with such force that he is thrown from his horse. Gawein seizes the steed unjustly gained from him before and mounts it.

Motif References:

R 260 Pursuits
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-20264: Ansgü lies half dead. Gawein shouts for the ferryman, Karadas, a worthy knight who lives by the river below the castle. He soon crosses the water and asks for his fare: Whoever crosses there must give him his horse and hauberk or a particular kind of knightly booty - he must have a joust there by the dam and if he defeats his opponent the ferryman is to have the latter as his fee. Gawein offers him Ansgü as his due and Karadas accepts the offer. He brings them both across the river to his house, where he entertains them well. In the evening Gawein goes with his host to a hall on a hill where he has a fine view of the castle. He sees all around the splendid palace maidens who have come there after dinner to sit and amuse themselves in the window recesses. They are all well dressed, beautiful and charming. There is one in particular who is very beautiful. Gawein asks his host about her and the other maidens and he also wants to know who is the lord or mistress of this castle.

Motif References:

P 413 Ferryman [fisherman]
P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]
F 575.1 Remarkably beautiful woman
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
F 771.4 Inhabitants of extraordinary castle
N 862 (Tu) Ferryman as helper

HvdTCr-20378: Karadas tells Gawein that the castle was built by an excellent knight named Gansguoter. He brought into this land a great treasure that belonged to a lady called the beautiful flower Igern, who gave up her entire inheritance for love of him. She was queen of Brittany, wife of Uterpandragon and mother of Arthur. She brought the maidens there with the aid of Gansguoter, for it was done with magic. He planned the castle, named it Salie, and built it through necromancy with such cunning that no one can conquer it. No man but one who has never done anything shameful can remain overnight there. If such a knight should be found, the beautiful maiden would be given him as his ladylove, and with her he would get castle and retinue, land and income, peasants, vassals, and servants, for the lady to whom the land belongs is her grandmother. The maiden is the daughter of Jascaphin of Orcanie, but after the latter’s death his brother banished her mother from that country.

Motif References:

D 6 Enchanted castle (building)
T 68 Princess offered as prize
R 225 Elopement
F 301 Fairy lover [husband].
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
F 771.4 Inhabitants of extraordinary castle
D 791.2 Disenchantment by only one person.
N 862 (Tu) Ferryman as helper
D 1131 Magic castle
D 1131.1 Castle produced by magic.
H 1410 Fear test: staying in frightful place
H 1550 Tests of character
D 1711 Magician

HvdTCr-20433: Many warriors have tried to pass the test and lost their lives when they lay down on the perilous bed. Whoever wants to rest on it will be pierced with many wounds. Gawein asks his host that he would take him there to see the castle and the ladies. Karadas grants his request and will accompany him to the castle only if he agrees not to remain there but come back down with him to his house. Then they go to bed. When they arise at daybreak they see a knight and a maiden hurry across the heath toward the landing and hear them call for the ferryman. Karadas tells Gawein to prepare to fight, for someone wants to challenge him. Gawein arms himself quickly and sets out to meet his opponent. They charge at each other and Gawein knocks the knight to the ground. The maiden, whose name is Mancipicelle, runs to Gawein crying that he should spare the warrior and have him swear fealty. Gawein has his host take the oath from the knight and takes him and his horse across the river.

Motif References:

D 6 Enchanted castle (building)
M 100.0.1 (Li) Oath of allegiance
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
F 846.1 Perilous bed
N 862 (Tu) Ferryman as helper
D 1131 Magic castle
D 1154.1 Magic bed
H 1410 Fear test: staying in frightful place
H 1550 Tests of character
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-20543: Gawein reminds Karadas of his vow and asks that he ride up to the castle with him right after breakfast. His host grants the request. He gets Gawein some fine clothing and a splendid blood-red palfrey with costly riding gear and they set out for the castle. In front of the gate sits a well dressed, apparently wealthy man who has a peg leg of silver. When he sees them approaching, he slams the gate shut and cries out angrily that they should ride on. If he had not known Karadas he would have run at Gawein with his staff. But despite his threats the knight and his host enter the gate and riding toward a palace come to a handsome stable, where they leave the horses. When they walk about the castle they encounter no one until at last two youths and a pretty maiden welcome them. The maiden takes them to a place where there is a wondrous magic bed in which only a perfectly virtuous man could survive. The two pass the day in the custody of the maiden until evening. Then they are served a good meal. When the table is removed, Karadas asks Gawein to take leave of the maiden and to ride down with him. Gawein wants to try the splendid bed and since all his pleading is wasted Karadas goes from the castle. The maiden leaves Gawein and closes up the hall, in which all the women have gathered and are lamenting the brave warrior.

Motif References:

F 150.2.4 (Li) Extraordinary porter at entrance to otherworld castle
F 771.5 Extraordinary guard for castle (land)
F 846.1 Perilous bed
N 862 (Tu) Ferryman as helper
D 1154.1 Magic bed
H 1410 Fear test: staying in frightful place
H 1550 Tests of character

HvdTCr-20701: Before Gawein goes to sleep the bed begins to move around and the many little bells on it begin to ring out loudly. Thereupon the windows quickly slam shut and the bows and crossbows at once loose many a fierce shot into the bed. The knight who has never done anything shameful escapes unharmed. When they hear the sound of the bells and the missiles the women begin to weep. Gawein hears them lamenting and is anxious to know what troubles them. Yet soon he falls asleep. He sleeps away the morning. At daybreak four maidens go to the palace with four youths to get the warrior and bury him secretly. Meanwhile Karadas has ridden back to the castle to find out what has happened. The youths and the maidens are pleased to see that the missiles are all hanging in the canopy and none has even touched the knight. Delighted to find the stranger unharmed, they leave quietly and bring the news to their mistress. Igern and her ladies go to the hall to behold the marvel for themselves. In his grief Karadas does not hear the shouts of joy and when he sees the ladies standing there he thinks that the warrior is dead and begins to tear his hair out and lament. Gawein is so startled by his cries that he springs nude from the bed. Igern quickly throws a blanket over him to hide his nakedness. Gawein is deeply ashamed.

Motif References:

T 68 Princess offered as prize
Q 112.0.1 Kingdom as reward
F 782 Extraordinary doors and windows
F 846.1 Perilous bed
D 1154.1 Magic bed
H 1410 Fear test: staying in frightful place
H 1550 Tests of character

HvdTCr-20854: Igern goes off happily, leaving the knight with Karadas who brings armor and tells him to put it on at once. He fetches a spear, a shield and a steel helmet and tells him that he must now fight a mighty lion. Should he win this land and the beautiful maiden will be his. Then the peg leg enters the hall in a rage. He holds a terrible club of hard steel and strikes a door in the wall of the hall. Out springs a large lion roaring fiercely. Gawein quickly strikes the beast four blows, protecting himself with his shield. The lion springs at him and strikes both forepaws through the shield and tears at the rim with its teeth. Gawein gives the beast such a mighty blow that it falls dead on the pavement with its paws still hanging in the shield. As soon as the battle is over, Karadas and the peg leg praise with sweet melodies Gawein’s coming and his triumph. Then the bells of the bed begin to send forth lovely tones while the crossbows loosen their strings and let their store of missiles fall. The entire castle is filled with happiness. Soon Igern, Orcades, and Klarisanz come into the hall. Gawein hurries toward them and they give him a splendid reception.

Motif References:

T 68 Princess offered as prize
Q 112.0.1 Kingdom as reward
D 705.1 Castle disenchanted.
D 753 Disenchantment by accomplishment of tasks.
H 1161 Task: killing ferocious beast.
H 1561 Tests of valor

HvdTCr-20982: Each of the ladies kisses him. Shortly after this ceremony they are joined by a lovely group of five hundred maidens, alike in beauty and dress who bow formally to Gawein. They are followed by many splendid knights, also wearing the same costume. They receive Gawein and accompany him and the others to a hall, where everyone is seated. Then some old lords enter and behind them five hundred handsome squires. When they have greeted the knight, Igern rises and declares that this warrior has redeemed all of them and that he shall be their lord. Either her granddaughter Klarisanz or her mother Orcades is to become his wife. She places castle and country in Gawein’s hands and asks him to tell them who he is. Igern does not know Gawein, otherwise she never would have offered him to marry his sister. Gawein stands up and asks them to wait twelve days before telling them his decision. In the meantime they should consider their affair and find out how their subjects feel about it. Then the discussion ends.

Motif References:

T 68 Princess offered as prize
Q 112.0.1 Kingdom as reward
R 150 Rescuers
D 705.1 Castle disenchanted.
N 734 Accidental meeting of brother and sister
N 735 Accidental meeting of mother and son
D 753 Disenchantment by accomplishment of tasks.

HvdTCr-21095: Mancipicelle comes seeking Gawein and rides up to the palace. She dismounts and hurries into the hall. She says that she cannot believe that Gawein accomplished the adventure and that she would like to see some proof. Not far away is a pretty meadow around which flows a river. Among the flowers of many colors there are four that are enclosed by a narrow, sparkling brook that empties into the larger stream. The water of the brook spreads over the meadow every day and keeps the flowers fresh. Her mistress would be happy if she could get some of the flowers for a chaplet. Any color will do if the flowers come from that meadow and include one of the four. She needs them so that their sweet scent will make her young again, for old age has weakened her and taken away her beauty. If Gawein would grant his help she would no more doubt that he succeeded in the adventure. Gawein replies he will carry out the request. The maiden thanks him and prepares to show him the way. Igern counsels Gawein to give up this dangerous journey for her sake. She tells him that the maiden has always practiced this treachery whenever she encountered a knight in search of adventure and all of them lost their lives. The maiden only wants to diminish the renown Gawein has won.

Motif References:

Z 71.2 Formulistic number: four
F 141 Water barrier to otherworld
F 162.1.1 Everblooming garden in otherworld
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper
H 931 Tasks assigned in order to get rid of hero
D 975 Magic flower
H 1199 Other tasks
D 1338.2 Rejuvenation by plant.
D 1652.7 Unfading garlands.
D 1889.4 Rejuvenation by smelling apple [flower]
K 2010 Hypocrite pretends friendship but attacks
K 2293 Treacherous old woman.

HvdTCr-21270: In spite of the urgent entreaties of many courtiers Gawein rides down from the castle. Karadas goes with them. Gawein gets his charger and some light traveling clothes. Since the maiden tells him that he would have to swim across a broad river, he does not want to take any armor, only his shield, sword and spear. When they come to the river his companions turn back. Gawein soon comes to the place where he should cross, but there is neither bridge nor boat. He rides into the deep water and swims for a long time before he comes to a landing place. He barely makes it to solid ground and would almost have drowned. Then Gawein rides downstream until he finds a lovely path that leads into a beautiful meadow with pretty flowers of many colors. Their aroma drives away all discomfort. Yet a drowsiness from this smell seizes the knight, he loses all strength and tumbles from his steed. Though beset by sleep and fatigue, he springs to his feet and ties his steed to a branch. Then he sinks to the ground. He falls many times but escapes from sleep once more and to conquer his desire for rest thrusts his spear through his own foot. This succeeds and Gawein quickly makes two chaplets of blooms and picks two of the four flowers. Then he wades across the brook and hurries back to his horse.

Motif References:

Z 71.2 Formulistic number: four
F 141 Water barrier to otherworld
F 162.1.1 Everblooming garden in otherworld
D 975 Magic flower
H 1199 Other tasks
D 1364.3 Flowers cause magic sleep.
D 1960 Magic sleep
D 1978 Waking from sleep

HvdTCr-21406: When he mounts he is no longer troubled by sleep. He has just gotten to the crossroad when he sees a knight in full armor ride across the heath toward him. The stranger shouts fierce threats and swears to kill Gawein, who does not reply in kind. They charge at each other in an uneven joust, which is very risky for Gawein. After the joust they draw their swords and in the bitter struggle the shields are cut to pieces. When they both are exhausted there is a pause in the conflict. Gawein’s opponent is called Giremelanz. He is surprised that Gawein is not afraid even though he wears no armor and tells him he should protect himself properly as is fitting for such a noble knight. Giremelanz ends the fight under the condition that he may renew it in twelve days and asks him to tell him his name for he has never seen his equal. Gawein replies that he never has told his name to anyone out of fear yet whoever wants to know him as a friend he will tell it. Then he says he is the son of King Arthur’s sister and is called Gawein.

Motif References:

P 557.4.4 Men’s truth. (fir fer)
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvdTCr-21610: Thereupon Giremelanz asks him to bear a message from him to Klarisanz and take a ring to her as a token. When he last saw her she declared that she could more easily bear to see her brother Gawein dead or maimed than to have him suffer the slightest harm. Gawein replies that he cannot believe that she ever said such an unkind thing and he will show through combat with Giremelanz that it is not true. He will bring many noble knights to the trial and fix as the time for it this very day of the first combat. However he will take the message to the lady, but she will not know his name or identity until just before the fight. Then Giremelanz courteously brings Gawein to his road. Just before he comes to the castle he sees Mancipicelle riding toward him. She is distressed that he is unharmed, yet she conceals her feelings and praises him loudly, for no knight has ever picked one of the flowers. Then she asks him to give her a flower and a chaplet. She confesses that she tried to betray him at the urging of Lohenis of Rahaz and Ansgü who wanted him killed.

Motif References:

T 41 Communication of lovers
H 82 Identifying tokens sent with messenger
H 82.3 Tokens between lovers
K 2293 Treacherous old woman.

HvdTCr-21718: Gawein grants her request and with the rest of the flowers he goes up to the castle. He sends for Igern, Orcades, and Klarisanz. Gawein presents the token, which causes the three to turn pale with fear for their honor. Therefore they give a false account of the matter. They assure Gawein that the token means nothing and that they do no know how the knight has gotten it, only that it has vanished and could not be found. They are certain that Gawein should be lord there and want him to marry Klarisanz. Karadas appears and is delighted about Gawein’s exploit and very pleased to see Klarisanz wearing the flower and the chaplet from Colurmein. Everyone is happy and subject to Gawein, the land and its castles are completely at his disposal. Early the following morning Gawein rides down to the town and in privacy tells Karadas to find a squire and see to his equipment. Then he orders the youth to ride forth at once as fast as he could to find Arthur. He directs him to look for the king first at Karidol and teaches him the best way.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
T 41 Communication of lovers
H 82 Identifying tokens sent with messenger
H 82.3 Tokens between lovers

HvdTCr-21819: The squire arrives at Arthur’s court at Karidol when there are neither guests nor festivities, which is rare, for everyone is bewailing Gawein’s death. The king and his queen sit in the palace lamenting the knight. The squire tells Arthur that Gawein is alive and that he wants the king and his knights to come to his aid, for he is committed to a combat against Giremelanz, who has always opposed the king and often ridden forth to harm him. Ginover should gather her ladies and maidens and come to support him with their beauty. The king joyfully springs from his chair and kisses the squire. All the courtiers follow his example. A maid observes the merriment and tells the queen about it and that she learned that Gawein is alive. As a reward she only asks for Ginover’s affection. The ladies are very happy at the news and dress up in fine clothes and costly ornaments.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
P 681 Mourning customs
K 1860 Deception by feigned death (sleep)

HvdTCr-22025: This finery had lain unused since the day on which they had been told of Gawein’s death. Then they had torn out their hair, wrung their hands, beaten their breasts and lost their color; there had been much weeping, their fingernails had been dirty, and they had worn black clothes. Now they are happy, they laugh and are dressed up in beautiful clothes and ornaments, their fingernails are clean, their lips are no more pale and they wear costly chaplets. All happiness rises again: there is singing and music of all sort of instruments, and the storytellers at once begin their tales, boards for chess and other games are carried into the hall. Shields are hung along the walls, armor is cleaned, helmets are decked out with ornaments, horses are carefully looked for and preparations are made for jousts and a tournament. Keii arranges the festivities because of his friendship for Gawein - which proves that his ridicule does not spring from spite. He always likes the best men and is angry at the evil ones, but when he begins to make fun of people no one is spared.

Motif References:

W 34 Loyalty
Z 143.1 Black as symbol of grief
P 310 Friendship
P 634 Feasts
P 681 Mourning customs
F 1041.21.6 Tearing hair and clothes from excessive grief

HvdTCr-22164: A large army is gathered to help Gawein: Keii summons it quickly from castles to villages, heralds proclaim the campaign throughout the land. The troops are well equipped for the journey and no military expedition was ever more splendid. Ginover has clothed the ladies and maidens very richly. At daybreak all are on their way. Keii has charge of the army which is moving along merrily with trombones and flutes ringing out. Early on the seventh day, the army enters the land of Madarp and approaches Salie. They make camp within sight of the castle. All kinds of tents cover the field by the river that one can scarcely see it. When Igern sees the strangers she is troubled and seeks the counsel of Gawein, who tells her not to worry, and that her son Arthur has come, which pleases her greatly. But she is bewildered as he gives his own name and makes himself known to his mother, sister, and grandmother. They are overjoyed. Gawein rides down from the castle to King Arthur’s tent. The king and queen spring toward him, as do the knights of the Round Table, and give him a friendly welcome.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
N 730 Accidental reunion of families

HvdTCr-22307: They sit down and Gawein tells the king about the great wealth up in the castle and about Igern. Arthur is very glad to hear news of his mother because he has never seen her. Then Gawein reports that the king’s sister Orcades is there with her mother and tells about Klarisanz and Giremelanz, whom he is to fight. Arthur, Ginover, and many of the knights set out with Gawein for the castle. Gawein sends a messenger ahead to tell the ladies that Arthur wants to see them, and they put on their finest clothes and prepare an elaborate reception. When the king arrives at the castle both Arthur and Igern are delighted. After the reception Igern shows her son castles and lands and declares that she wants to give all of them to him at once, but he does not accept them. Then the three ladies explain how they have gotten there. Arthur and Ginover and the royal retinue stay with Igern at the castle and are fully cared for. Igern thus reveals both her generosity and her wealth. There are all sorts of entertainment.

Motif References:

W 11 Generosity
N 730 Accidental reunion of families
N 734 Accidental meeting of brother and sister
N 735 Accidental meeting of mother and son

HvdTCr-22411: The combat is to take place on the following day. But first Giremelanz, in accordance with the custom, sues for the hand of Klarisanz, and Arthur gives her to him in marriage together with the land of Madarp. Igern has no objection and is pleased, yet she adds the condition that before the struggle begins the warriors are to swear that they have not lied. They take the oath. But Klarisanz brings the matter to a halt by beseeching them to call off the conflict and an agreement is reached. Arthur wants to return home and suggests that Giremelanz and the maiden should go with him to Karidol. Giremelanz, who has long wished to see the highly praised court, and his bride are soon ready. Early in the morning they ride toward Janphis. Ginover takes Klarisanz into her care, as Gawein does his brother-in-law. They head toward the wealthy Janphis at the request of Giremelanz for it is his land and he wants them to see it. Keii is sent on ahead to invite the lords of the land to the wedding festival. When the king arrives at Karidol there are many entertainments, and a bohourt begins in front of the ladies.

Motif References:

T 100 Marriage
P 634 Feasts

HvdTCr-22517: The king likes to have much amusement and pleasant pastimes, and his retainers follow his example. It is a grand festival. Both the guests and the members of the court give away horses and garments to honor the king. The king bestows many steeds, clothes, silver and gold on the wandering entertainers. There is no lack of splendor and the festival is conducted with great ceremony. Before the wedding and the celebration are over all the visitors are honored with costly gifts. Arthur’s knights receive Giremelanz into their company, hang his shield among theirs on the edge of the forest in front of the town, where all the guests hang their shields, and with common approval at once give him a place at the Round Table. He therefore remains at the court.

Motif References:

W 11.2 Munificent monarch
P 19.0.1 (Li) King Arthur as leader of outstanding chivalric society (Round Table)
T 100 Marriage
T 136.1 Wedding feast
P 634 Feasts

HvdTCr-22565: Before the festival ends Gawein remembers his vow and goes to the hall where Arthur is sitting with the nobles. Gawein tells them what happened to him while he was away looking for adventure and the joy of the court needlessly was destroyed by mourning over his death. When he rode away from the king he took a road that led him into an unknown land where he encountered great hardships. Many years ago while looking for adventure they were all together at Baldac in Babylonia, where they took part in a great tournament to which Angsir of Slaloi, Gamur the Saracen and Firus Bahnadin had challenged Arthur. Many knights from Barbary had come to fight against them, as had Angaras of Karamphi and his brother Dahamorht. Gawein killed the latter in knightly combat, which was just bad luck and not his fault. Now he must atone for the knight’s death. He reveals how Angaras in his treatment of him broke the knightly code. When Gawein came into the land of Karamphi he thought it would be safe for him although Arthur’s aunt Enfeidas told him in Avalon that he would get into trouble if he went on.

Motif References:

N 330 Accidental killing or death
N 831 Girl [woman] as helper

HvdTCr-22697: He found Angaras on a heath beside a slain red deer, with many knights and squires. Gawein was well received, but did want to go on. He soon came to Karamphi where he found lodging. Meanwhile Angaras learned that it was Gawein who had ridden by and chased after him in an unknightly manner. Although he learned that Gawein was his guest he wanted to kill him. Had his sister Seimeret not strongly defended him, he would not have come through alive. Finally he had to swear that he would return within a year, that he would search for the Grail and that he never again would remain as long as a week in Arthur’s castle. Then he asks leave to depart. All are distressed by Gawein’s intention because the quest is very difficult and the court’s happiness depends on him alone. Gawein once again asks for leave to go with the king’s blessing.

Motif References:

Z 72.0.1 (Bm) Year time limit on quest
M 100 Vows and oaths
P 320 Hospitality
H 1219.5 Quest assigned [to] prisoner.
H 1320.1 Quest for magic object: [grail].

HvdTCr-22847: Then he tells them that he has brought a token from the land of Lady Fortune, Ordohorht. He saw her sitting in splendor in her palace with her child Luck. For his sake she let the wheel stand still and thus all distress be stilled on the left side of the wheel and all those on the right side also became more joyous. Gawein hands over Fortune’s ring to the king, which will guarantee wealth and high esteem as long as he wears it and make him gain whatever he wants, riches or victory. The gold and jewels of the ring gleam brightly. Fortune also gave Gawein her blessing which is to help him in every ordeal. Soon Ginover and the ladies hear that a great event is taking place in the hall and send a maiden to find out about it. After the king and all those with him have heard how Lady Fortune has honored him - giving him good luck and sending Arthur the ring by him everyone is happy and praises the knight. Keii asks the king to let Gawein go, and Lanzelet and Kalocreant make like requests. Arthur grants them all.

Motif References:

N 111.3 Fortune’s wheel.
Z 134 Fortune personified
N 203 Lucky person.
D 859.2.1 Magic object received from other world.
D 1076 Magic ring
D 1561.1.2 Magic ring brings good luck.

HvdTCr-22974: The following morning the king and the court are very unhappy because of Gawein’s quest. While the matter is being discussed in the great hall, a beautiful maiden, well dressed and with costly finery, dismounts in front of the gate. The news is brought to the court by Giwanet and they lead the maiden to the king. Before she gives her message she requests that the queen and her ladies are sent for. Keii goes for the ladies. Ginover and the others give the maiden a friendly welcome. The maiden delivers her message: Giramphiel has sent the king from Sianist a glove that came to her from Fortune and her son Luck. The nature of the glove is such that half of him who puts it on disappears while all the other half can still be seen. There are two gloves and whoever can put on the one she has brought as an adventure for the king will receive the other from Lady Fortune. Great fame comes with the gloves.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
F 340 Gifts from fairies
H 411 Magic object points out unchaste woman
D 813 Magic object received from fairy
D 1066 Magic glove.
D 1361 Magic object renders invisible.
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-23112: Any man or woman who is inconstant or is not true in every respect, will be betrayed on attempting to wear the glove. It will disclose peculiar failings of maidens and women, and of the knights, for it will show their strength and courage as well as their coarseness and cowardice. With respect to women the glove has another power: A woman may have a secret lover even if she is married, and if she shows no treachery toward him she will earn no disgrace. Then the maiden presents the wonderful glove to the king. If he lets it be tested on knights and ladies, the maiden has to be present at the trial and she will put on the glove before them all so that they can see whether she has told the truth. When she has finished Arthur takes the glove.

Motif References:

F 340 Gifts from fairies
H 411 Magic object points out unchaste woman
D 813 Magic object received from fairy
D 1066 Magic glove.
H 1561 Tests of valor

HvdTCr-23211: A fierce hate brought the maiden to Arthur: Fimbeus of Sardin in Angiez was chosen as her lover by a beautiful goddess. She would not let him take part in knightly contests until she could guarantee his safety. In order to shield him from all danger, she has made for him a magic belt. Whoever girds it on must fear nothing, but also seems courtly, noble, well-mannered, gallant and very handsome, and appears to possess every praiseworthy trait. This comes from the power of the stones that are fastened to the belt and the mastery with which this is done. The belt was made by Giramphiel’s sister, Lady Fortune. After this belt has been created with such wisdom Fimbeus seeks adventure as before and Giramphiel does not object. He came to Karidol and was treated with great respect. He stayed as long as the festival lasted. One day Ginover sent for him. She was very pleased with him, which was because of the belt. She had heard about it and asked him to show it to her. He handed it to her at once and asked her to keep it as a gift from him but Ginover only wanted to see it herself and show it to the ladies.

Motif References:

D 50 Magic changes in man himself.
F 301 Fairy lover [husband].
F 340 Gifts from fairies
D 813 Magic object received from fairy
D 1057 Magic belt
D 1071 Magic jewel (jewels)
D 1380.11 Magic jewel protects
D 1381.18 Magic belt assures victory
D 1400.1.14 Magic stone (jewel) gives victory.

HvdTCr-23316: Ginover put the belt on, which made her much more beautiful. Everyone was surprised to see such a change in her and all were troubled by it. The queen was truly happy while she wore the belt. She sought some honorable way to obtain the belt, but she did not want to give the knight her love or even accept the belt as a gift, for this might harm her reputation. At last having considered the matter Ginover returned the belt before the festivities ended, and the knight departed. She then sent for Gawein, told him the story and asked for his aid. She entreated him to ride after Fimbeus in her service and fight him for the belt. Gawein was reluctant to do this but finally yielded to her plea. He managed to take the belt from the knight, as has been told before. Gawein came away with the knight’s oath of fealty and the belt. He cannot be accused of robbery because he was driven to it against his will by Ginover’s entreaties.

Motif References:

D 50 Magic changes in man himself.
D 862 Magic object taken away by force [recovered by fighting]
D 1057 Magic belt
D 1860 Magic beautification

HvdTCr-23418: The maiden has brought hate to the festival from her lady, who was furious at what had happened to her lover and also because Gawein had not been killed when she invited him to her castle and betrayed him to a dragon, which he had managed to slay. The power of the stone in the belt had helped him there. Arthur grants the maiden’s request and says that he would like to see what wonders the glove can do. She draws it on her right hand and at once the entire right side of her body vanishes completely. Keii cries out his ironical comment on that step and the maiden goes about the hall to show everybody the wonder that has happened. Then the maiden approaches the king and saying that she kept her promises tells him now to keep his. She gives the glove to Arthur and he tells Gawein, Iwein and Keii to take the glove to the ladies. Ginover is to be the first and the others are to follow.

Motif References:

F 361 Fairy’s revenge.
D 813 Magic object received from fairy
D 1057 Magic belt
D 1071 Magic jewel (jewels)
D 1380.11 Magic jewel protects
D 1381.18 Magic belt assures victory
D 1400.1.14 Magic stone (jewel) gives victory.
K 2010 Hypocrite pretends friendship but attacks

HvdTCr-23529: Because of his eagerness to harass the women, Keii snatches it and all hope he would be the first to disclose his faults. The glove winds around his hand with great ferocity and he is forced to confess the offenses he has committed. He stands there trapped until he berates himself for the ridicule he has always heaped on others and for the many ill-advised ventures that have brought him disgrace. After he has said all this the glove relaxes his grip. None wants to show any satisfaction for fear of his tongue, only Kalocreant avenges himself by making fun of Keii. Arthur then asks Gawein and Iwein to carry the glove around to all the ladies. Gawein gives it to Ginover. The glove witnesses to all that she is without fault, but before she takes it off, it conceals one side of her completely except that her red lips gleam on the right side of her face, on the other side they are pale and colorless. She is much grieved at this and it does not escape Keii. He says that her lips are red, just like they were last night when she kissed the king, and pale because she begrudged Sir Gasozein a kiss while they were together in the forest. The mantle and the tankard as well proved her faithfulness.

Motif References:

W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
H 411 Magic object points out unchaste woman
D 1066 Magic glove.
D 1361 Magic object renders invisible.
H 1556.4 Fidelity in love tested
H 1556 Tests of fidelity [loyalty]
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-23663: Gawein carries the glove to his sister and Klarisanz slips it on. Half of her vanishes except for her bare heart and a part of her hand. Keii declares that her heart can see further than her lover and her hand is reaching for high esteem, but she is loyalty itself. The glove is brought to Arthur’s mother Igern and it conceals all of her right side save the eye and ear. Keii says that this is how Gansguoter pleased her with his fiddling when she was burning with desire for his love. Her eye gazed upon him and her ear heard what he said. Gawein then gives his mother the glove and it fits her well, and shows only her breast. Keii says spitefully that this is the breast that suckled Gawein. The glove is next offered to Amurfina and her right side disappears but a bare part of her body comes to view. Keii comments that she went too far with somebody at the time of her marriage, when she would not let Gawein remain with Blandukors. She was going to ruin the latter through war if he did not send Gawein with her maid; Keii judges that she was tired of being a virgin.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
H 411 Magic object points out unchaste woman
D 1066 Magic glove.
D 1361 Magic object renders invisible.
H 1556.4 Fidelity in love tested
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-23773: Gawein gives the glove to Sgoidamur and it fits her well. But a small spot presses against her as her side disappears, her belt buckle remains visible. Keii says that her only flaw is in childishly letting herself be measured so often around the waist. The glove is then passed to Lady Laudin and her right shoulder still shows when she tries it on. Keii says that the lady’s wiles are in concealing that which she has done in womanly kindness. Then comes Lady Enite and when she puts it on only her foot and the hip shows. Keii says her foot was ready wherever love led and her hip wanted the same thing. Then Parzival’s lady is tested: the entire right half of her vanishes except her leg. Keii says that the maiden is to blame for Parzival’s hurrying away from her, because she could not endure his rejecting her so long. She secretly desires love. Galaida, the sister of Duchess Leimas of Siandria sits beside her, who is Keii’s ladylove. Only her eyes disappear, everything else is bare for all to see. Keii gives his comment, saying that the glove shows that she does not dare open her eyes for modesty. She is more generous than the king and gives herself unasked in any way a man wants.

HvdTCr-23959: Keii derides his ladylove more severely for disloyalty than all the rest. Therefore one should be tolerant if he says bad things about the others: He does not exclude anyone from his ridicule. Gawein and the messenger give the glove to Flursensephin. Almost the entire half of her body disappears at once, unfortunately the part still visible is not what one likes to see publicly, although it is necessary for life. Quoikos has brought the lady, who wanted to see the famous court. He wanted to tell them how Gawein had won the lady but given up claim to her so that Quoikos might be her husband and lover. Keii declares that she shows that the reward that Lady love promises lies straight ahead and she has leaned forward to make a fierce charge. Then Parkie dons the glove and it conceals her right side, but still lets the back part of her be seen. Keii says that she was unlucky that the thorn divided her in such a manner and that Sir Lucanus should be her physician and probe the wounds. His words produce a great din throughout the hall, which annoys the ladies very much and the knights too. Keii does not exempt anyone from his ridicule, not even himself. This went on throughout his life and he could not be silenced.

HvdTCr-24074: Gawein and Lanzelet pass the glove on to the latter’s sweetheart, Janphie, whom it treats very harshly. Keii is on his guard and restrains himself because of her lover, whose exploits would be somewhat tarnished if his ladylove were to be accused of unfaithfulness. The mantle too had fitted her very poorly. Janphie’s body looks like wild waves in front, but not in back, where she is fully covered. One stream sweeps upward over her head, the second dashes across her hands and breast, her right eye and mouth are untouched, another wave surges down to her navel, the space from there to the knee is bare of waves. A flood plunges down over her lower legs and her feet. Keii says this shows she has the same constancy as the sea. He supposes that she often puts those in check whom her eyes follow. Love’s meadow must be defended on Lady Love’s heath, which is her secret longing.

HvdTCr-24169: When Kalocreant’s ladylove dons the glove, it only causes the calves of her legs from feet to knees to vanish. Keii declares that this lady and his own ladylove show like amounts of great virtue and that no one needs to lie in wait to catch them at an unguarded moment. Filleduch, Sir Gales’s ladylove takes the glove and it divides her right side into two equal parts, the lower half of it remaining visible. Keii begins to ridicule her at once: She affirms her love for Gales from the waist up but displays her wares for all below. Then the glove is brought to Lady Aclamet, who loves Aumagwin. Her right side vanishes, except for her neck and hair. Keii declares that she has sent forth for love by secret ways, knowing well that neck and hair can reach out for love. Furthermore the glove performs manifold wonders with the ladies and maidens, one by one. It seizes upon their inconstancy in various ways and Keii ridicules and censures each of them. The author will say no more about them, and no one in more grieved by women’s sorrow than he. Therefore he seeks forgiveness from them and establishes the praise of women firmly on the basis of virtue; thereby he serves the best of them. A woman does only good and misdeeds are only caused by women’s frailty.

HvdTCr-24313: Were he to be so unfair as to omit the testing of the knights it might well be an offense to woman’s sweet kindness. Therefore the author now shall tell about the knights. The glove is brought back to the king, who puts it on with the result that the right half of him vanishes completely. Gawein declares that their faultless lord thus has freed all the knights of the glove for he has won all rights to it. Yet Keii says the messenger does not exempt anyone and that now Gawein must atone for the belt that he deceitfully took from Fimbeus by highway robbery. After the ladies have been tested, now one should learn the faults of the knights. Otherwise this messenger and her lady would be accused of having sent the glove out of hate for women. Besides the king should not be too greedy to let anyone but himself gain honor. Doing as Keii wishes Gawein puts on the glove and it fits him perfectly. Keii says that Gawein as a clever talker deceived the glove that it gave itself to him. Yet he can’t take charge of the glove because the king won it first.

Motif References:

W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
H 411 Magic object points out unchaste woman
D 1066 Magic glove.
D 1361 Magic object renders invisible.
H 1556 Tests of fidelity [loyalty]
H 1561 Tests of valor
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-24449: Giremelanz dons the glove and it makes him vanish but his eyes, mouth, neck, and hair can still be clearly seen. Keii gives his interpretation: Giremelanz sends his glances toward Kolurmein, where he watches over the flowers that protect against old age. His mouth serves the purpose of enabling one to hear him well as he rode about the heath shouting threats, for whoever entered fell into a deadly sleep. Gasozein takes the glove, and he too does not disappear entirely, for his mouth shows in front and he is visible from head to waist behind. Keii declares that this shows the knight’s delight in gossiping about the mishaps of ladies. Lanzelet is the next to get the glove and is treated about the same, but the signs of censure are not pronounced. His eyes, lashes and eyebrows are still to be seen. Keii recalls the knight’s ride in the cart during their pursuit of Milianz, and says that the glove rightly observed that he renounced the love of the goddess who raised him on the island in the sea, but he will say no more.

HvdTCr-24523: When Iwein accepts the glove only a foot and a hand remain visible. Keii says that this proves his eagerness to kill. If he still had his lion - who died - none of them would survive. Then Erec is tested and a strip of bare chest is pointed out. Keii says that his love for Enite did not last: It was not seemly of him to accept her service for his steed and to turn deep affection into a game. Then Lucanus, the cupbearer, has to try on the glove. Everything on his right side disappears at once except the hand and the knee. Keii ridicules him too. Parzival takes the glove, and he vanishes, but from head to toe there remains a strip two fingers wide of his bare body. Keii declares that this is the result of childhood acts, for he took a ring from a lady and kissed her even though it made her weep. Kalocreant puts on the glove and it does not quite fit: In front nothing can be seen, but in back all of him shows. Keii says this is because of the fall he took from his steed in the forest near the spring, where he was defeated by the husband of Lady Laudin after Kalocreant had poured water on the stone there.

Motif References:

W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
H 411 Magic object points out unchaste woman
D 1066 Magic glove.
D 1361 Magic object renders invisible.
H 1561 Tests of valor
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-24652: Sempitebruns and the rest of the knights there don the glove, but the author will tell nothing of this. Keii judges all of them harshly and often even ridicules himself. He spares neither friends, nor kinsmen, nor himself. When all the other knights have tried on the glove, the retinue demands that he do as the rest, but he refuses, declaring that it was not made to fit him. He would gladly give up his claim to the glove, for he could buy two good gloves in a sales booth for three pennies and would not give a thorn bouquet for a hundred like this one. The messenger is surprised at his words.

Motif References:

W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
H 411 Magic object points out unchaste woman
D 1066 Magic glove.
H 1561 Tests of valor

HvdTCr-24693: The maiden thanks Arthur for having granted her everything for which she has asked in the name of the lady who sent her, and asks leave to depart. As she is about to go down from the hall, another adventure begins, which too has been arranged by her mistress. This new adventure is deceitfully brought about by Giramphiel because of her grief at the loss of the belt. She dispatched a knight as a second messenger, who rides a wild goat for which no terrain is impassable. He is called the Knight with the Goat. His clothing is splendid - of gray, black, and white ermine and fine silk - and very costly. The goat is decked out with all the adornment that a charger should have and is the size of a tall Castilian horse. Both steed and rider are black and white like a magpie; in other respects the latter resembles the rest of the knights. The knights of the court greet the stranger warmly and accompany him to where Arthur, the maiden and all the ladies are.

Motif References:

F 361 Fairy’s revenge.
F 527 Person of unusual color
B 557 Unusual animal as riding horse
B 731 Fanciful color of animal
N 770.0.1 Feast as occasion for the beginning of adventures or the arrival of questers

HvdTCr-24772: He is received with honor by the king and the ladies. Everyone gazes curiously at the handsome knight, surprised at his attractive color, which is an equal mixture of ermine-white and resin-black. Arthur offers him surety. The messenger tells him that the glove the maiden brought equals a king’s wealth, and when he has also obtained the other glove, which he now brings to him, the king will still become more famous. Lady Fortune has sent it to the king by him as a gift. As soon as he pauses the maiden departs. Meanwhile the knight asks that he be permitted to conclude his business in the morning and they have to put off his report until the following day. Early in the morning when all members of the court and the guests have been sent for the stranger finishes his story: He has come for the king’s and Gawein’s benefit. Lady Fortune has sent him to bring Gawein aid in the quest he has sworn to undertake and protect him from great danger. As his password he tells them that Lady Fortune sent the king by Gawein from Ordohorht a golden ring, that should forever insure the king’s welfare and happiness.

Motif References:

K 330 Means of hoodwinking the guardian or owner
F 527 Person of unusual color
D 859.2.1 Magic object received from other world.
D 1076 Magic ring
D 1561.1.2 Magic ring brings good luck.
K 2010 Hypocrite pretends friendship but attacks
K 2200 Villains and traitors.

HvdTCr-24882: The Knight with the Goat tells them further that Fortune laments that Gawein had to promise Angaras to take the fearful journey. Had Fortune not dispatched him as a messenger he would have faced certain death. The stranger knows that Gawein is aided by the gem that sprang out of the buckle as he defeated Fimbeus and took the belt from him, thus gaining the enmity of Fortune’s sister Giramphiel. This jewel helped him survive the dragon when she betrayed him, but with the Grail it cannot assist him against the perils along the way unless he teaches him how to use its power so that it will protect him. He must also take the ring and the two gloves on his journey to return home unharmed from it. This instruction has to take place openly, for all to see, otherwise it won’t work. Then he asks the king if he should go on. The king grants his request and the gloves and the ring are quickly brought before them, and Gawein gives up the victory-bringing stone. When the messenger has them all he asks that onlookers should not become bored when they watch the wonder he will do before them. Arthur gives orders that no one is to leave his place without permission from the messenger.

Motif References:

K 330 Means of hoodwinking the guardian or owner
D 830 Magic object acquired by trickery.
D 1071 Magic jewel (jewels)
D 1076 Magic ring
D 1400.1.14 Magic stone (jewel) gives victory.
K 2010 Hypocrite pretends friendship but attacks
K 2200 Villains and traitors.

HvdTCr-24994: When everything is ready the knight puts the ring on his finger, saying that if Gawein would do this, all hatred would vanish and he would find only peace around him. Then he takes the victory stone and tells Gawein that if he places it in his mouth he will be safe from harm. He puts it in his mouth. A maiden because she is very young has been left alone and is not in the hall, even though she is the child of a king. When a mighty wind blows on her while she is sitting in a bedroom, she forgets herself and has no idea who she is. She is seized by the spirit of prophecy as the wind lifts her and, driving with great force, finally brings her before the king. All are astonished at this gust of wind that has picked up the maiden, and there is a great commotion. Everyone maintains that she is so transformed that she displays hardly any familiar traits. Keii gives his laughing comment to the strange scene.

Motif References:

M 301 Prophets
K 330 Means of hoodwinking the guardian or owner
D 830 Magic object acquired by trickery.
D 906 Magic wind
D 1071 Magic jewel (jewels)
D 1076 Magic ring
D 1354 Magic object makes person kind.
D 1400.1.14 Magic stone (jewel) gives victory.
D 1520.28 Magic transportation in whirlwind.
D 1712 Soothsayer (diviner, oracle, etc.)
D 1812 Magic power of prophecy
D 2135.0.1 Levitation
K 2200 Villains and traitors.

HvdTCr-25074: The whirlwind holds her high enough to make no footprints, yet her soles are hardly the breadth of three fingers above the ground. She does not stand thus for long before the wind suddenly begins to shake her violently and swing her about. It repeats this twice, the third time she begins to speak. She exclaims that she has a warning for the king. Then she drops to the ground and is silent. But the wind at once begins to prompt her: it lifts her up, buffets her about and causes her such distress that those watching think she has been killed. Believing her dead, they are crowding forward when she recovers and cries loudly, that the king is being betrayed. If he does not see it in time, he and many knights, ladies and maidens will suffer great sorrow. Then she says she has no more to tell him and wants to be free of this pain. Wanting to leave she bows to the king, and the wind carries her back to the bedroom. There is now much discussion among the company about the matter, but they can reach no conclusion.

Motif References:

M 301 Prophets
M 340.6 Prophecy of great misfortune
D 906 Magic wind
D 1520.28 Magic transportation in whirlwind.
D 1712 Soothsayer (diviner, oracle, etc.)
D 1812 Magic power of prophecy
D 2135.0.1 Levitation

HvdTCr-25135: At last Keii begins to wonder whether any sort of enmity has brought the knight there to harm them in some way with lies. Still, he does not want to offend him because of the honor of the court. Cleverly avoiding anything like a deliberate insult to the messenger, he begins a speech that brings forth laughter from Arthur and the company. He points out that they have had far too many adventures come to them at this festival, and that with regard to the affair at hand, the king should take care that it should remain a pleasant event. He should consider carefully the favor of Lady Fortune and what sort of trick this knight wants to show them. A man often profits by what should have brought him harm had Luck forsaken him, and comes to grief, if Fortunes so decrees, over that which was to have made him happy. It is a game for her to confuse people completely until they don’t trust anything. A large profit is often followed by a loss. It certainly was not for nothing that Lady Fortune sent in the little maid who foretold mischief.

Motif References:

N 100 Nature of luck and fate
J 1115.10.2 Clever minister [counsellor]

HvdTCr-25224: Some are pleased by this advice, others think it offensive, but all discussion of his words are carried on privately. Then Arthur addresses them all, saying that Keii’s remarks will not cause him to refuse the knight’s request. He asks the stranger to do what he wishes. The knight thanks him and puts on one of the gloves, which causes the right half of his body to vanish. Then he takes the other and there is no more sign of him. Keii begins to search for him, but cannot find him. When he goes to block the door the messenger with his rich prize walks ahead of Keii through the door. Then he mounts the goat and rides in front of the palace. The king believes the stranger to be beside him and the others also suspect nothing. They think that it is because of ill manners that he keeps them waiting, as he has promised when the request he made was granted. Therefore the entire retinue, except for Keii, is sitting in the hall, for they have been forbidden to get up from their places until the messenger has completed his mission. Arthur at last becomes annoyed and is the first to realize that the stranger’s deeds are evil. He asks the messenger to reappear, as he has promised, and offers to give him whatever he desires as a present. A great stir arises, which is heard down below by the messenger, who is not at all alarmed, for he is protected by magic.

Motif References:

K 330 Means of hoodwinking the guardian or owner
J 652 Inattention to warnings
D 830 Magic object acquired by trickery.
D 860 Loss of magic object
D 1066 Magic glove.
D 1361 Magic object renders invisible.
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-25366: They look carefully for him throughout the hall and among the ladies. At last the messenger cries out that they should call off the search. Then he tells them that he has come to charge Gawein anew with treachery and is avenging the crime when he attacked Fimbeus to take his property. His accusation concerns the gem Gawein seized, but he will keep what was Arthur’s for his wife still has the belt he took. Then he tells the king what troubles he must endure because of this loss: His court which otherwise would have lasted forever, will not maintain itself much longer but will go to ruin. Since Gawein has lost the gem, the gloves, and the ring, he will perish if he journeys to seek the Grail. The king will have to put aside his joy. All his coming hardships will be caused by Gawein’s deed. Meanwhile Keii wanting to cut off the stranger’s escape he bars the gate firmly, and hopes to locate him by the tracks of the goat. But the stranger easily avoids him. The seneschal calls for everyone to help so that the stranger would not get away. The knights rush up to join the hunt, but their efforts are in vain. Letting them all see him he spurs the goat and charges through their midst with a wondrous dash. His steed lifts him straight up over the wall, like a storm or hail driven by a hurricane. Thus he rides on his way. The king and his companions are stricken with sorrow.

Motif References:

K 330 Means of hoodwinking the guardian or owner
M 340.6 Prophecy of great misfortune
D 830 Magic object acquired by trickery.
D 860 Loss of magic object
F 1071 Prodigious jump
D 1361 Magic object renders invisible.
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-25550: The king and his retinue bewail the evil that has overtaken them and their cries of deep distress last for three days without pause. At last, before the end of the festival, their pain is soothed by advice that Gawein gives. He says that they are grieving quite needlessly, for what has happened was designed for his death alone. There should be no more lamentation, for he was born to live as long as God ordained. Arthur still has life, fame, wealth, people, and lands and he can easily get along without him. Besides he survived many dangers before he had the stone. Unfortunately only Keii understood the little maiden and his advice was useless because no one took it seriously. Gawein thinks the maiden will be able to help them with counsel and makes the king send for her. When she stands in front of Arthur a mighty wind lifts her up, as before. Then it drives her around and around the hall, shaking her with such force that the knights and ladies are very sorry for her. After some time the wind brings her back to her place before the king. The maiden tells the king that he will be ruined if that which was lost is not regained, though this will bring great hardships. Still everything will be made good if Gansguoter of Micholde offers aid.

Motif References:

M 301 Prophets
N 845 Magician as helper.
D 880 Recovery of magic object
D 906 Magic wind
D 1520.28 Magic transportation in whirlwind.
D 1712 Soothsayer (diviner, oracle, etc.)
D 1812 Magic power of prophecy
D 1814.1 Advice from magician (fortune-teller, etc.) [prophet]
D 2135.0.1 Levitation

HvdTCr-25727: The maiden bows to the king and leaves the hall. The entire court is happy at what she has said. Igern is very pleased at her words and tells her son, that since the whole undertaking depends on her husband, Gansguoter, everything will turn out well. The court becomes as joyous as before. In the morning Arthur summons his retinue and tells them that he will accompany Gawein on the journey. He too will assume this quest and will never again take part in joyous festivities as long as he lives unless he is present. The entire assembly objects in a roar. Then Gawein makes his proposal: If Arthur considers the matter carefully he will see that his high position forbids him to wander through the lands as a chevalier errant, thus letting his country, his subjects and kinsmen poorly protected against many dangers. He should leave such things to his knights who know very well to win honor for him. Since everyone approves of Gawein’s words, the king’s mind is changed. Gawein then strives to prevent anybody else in the retinue from joining him in his quest. Yet they are all competing among themselves as to who should be permitted to go.

Motif References:

P 10 Kings [King’s famous court]
D 880 Recovery of magic object
H 1381.8 (Bm) Quest for champion [helper]

HvdTCr-25911: After every request Keii offers shameful comments. Each knight meets with refusal but when the others have given up Parzival is still insisting that he be allowed to go. Keii advises him to postpone this request and see first if Gawein can capture the ring, stone and gloves. Then, if Goorz of Gornomant were beside him, he could learn all about the Grail, even though he told him never to ask questions. That would not be timidity, but good breeding. When Gawein asks the king’s permission to begin his journey, Keii insists on going too until the latter has consented. Lanzelet and Kalocreant can also not be dissuaded and order that their outfits be made ready by early the next day. Then Keii takes leave of the ladies, maidens, and knights in a farewell that evokes laughter and embarrassment. He says that he knows it will be hard for them to get along without him, but they should nevertheless give him leave to depart and control their grief. He has long deserved that they should be very fond of him for he has always made excuses for them and covered up their offenses. He is thinking especially of the ladies for he believes they need to be watched constantly.

Motif References:

W 188 Contentiousness.
M 402 Satire [satirist]
D 880 Recovery of magic object
H 1381.8 (Bm) Quest for champion [helper]

HvdTCr-26015: He will always regret that they will have to beat their breasts because of the longing for him, many clothes will be rent because of him, red lips will be bitten, many tears shed, they will tear out their tresses. He asks them to moderate their loud wailing with proper woman’s decorum. He is not overbold and could easily come galloping home, since they have always been so happy to see him. His ladylove would surely have perished from grief, for she is such a faithful wife. The ladies all blush at this derision. Then Keii goes to Ginover who is sitting with her ladies and asks that they all be merry and cease to weep and grieve. This makes the queen laugh. He makes many jokes at their expense before he leaves and is not greatly lamented by either the men or the women.

Motif References:

M 402 Satire [satirist]

HvdTCr-26091: At sunrise Gawein sets out with Lanzelet, Keii, and Kalocreant to Madarp. They ride for twelve days. Then they have to conquer a mountain stronghold that bars their passage. Keii is the first to charge the enemy. His opponent is a fine warrior, the brother of the lord of the castle, whose spear throws Keii from his steed. Then he wants to take off his head, which is now bare, but Keii catches him with his sword. The knight is captured, but the fierce battle continues. The foes have to retreat toward their walls and defend themselves there, for they are hard-pressed. The lord of the castle becomes troubled about his brother and his men and dashes out. Gawein defeats him and forces him to surrender. Gawein’s companions are still fighting and, confronted with many knights, have become exhausted by the battle. Peace is arranged therefore and the travelers are brought into the stronghold with much ceremony. They are well cared for and remain there twelve days, until Keii is fully able to journey on. Gawein gets directions as to the roads they should take to Madarp.

Motif References:

F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
H 1236 Perilous path traversed on quest.
H 1381.8 (Bm) Quest for champion [helper]

HvdTCr-26201: They have to climb over a high mountain and descend to a cold, dark wilderness covered by a vast and dreadful forest. There are no paths or roads and they suffer great distress in this jungle. Their way leads them to a deep gap, wide enough for a rider, that cuts through a high mountain. No one who enters the gorge can escape by flight, for if he turned back, he would still have to face a mortal struggle. Gawein knows nothing of this. As soon as the four companions have ridden into the narrow defile, the mountain crashes down behind them, taking them prisoner. Shortly thereafter a loud voice rings out: “Good; they are caught!” There is nothing about them but stone walls. They dismount and try to go on in complete darkness. At last Gawein and his companions drive their steeds away from them and come close together. They want to take off their armor, for the darkness makes them very sleepy. Misfortune causes Gawein to lose some distinction here, since never before has his own thoughtlessness exposed him to such troubles.

Motif References:

R 45.3 Captivity in cave
K 737.1 Dupe lured into hole and entrance closed.
F 757 Extraordinary cave
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)
F 969.4 Extraordinary earthquake
H 1236 Perilous path traversed on quest.

HvdTCr-26305: Just as they are about to remove their armor and go to sleep, the mountain makes a deafening racket that resounds over the whole countryside. At least ten times it jerks violently as though it were about to collapse at once. After that a voice cries: “Stop; you are too hasty! They are all lost!” The knights think the end has come. After this event they fall asleep with their armor on, because of the darkness and exhaustion. The travelers sleep for three days and nights without waking until the fourth morning. Then only Gawein awakes and wonders what has happened to him, for he does not remember how he has come there. He also has forgotten about his three companions who lie near him. All at once the sun shines brightly down into the mountain. The gorge is straight, wide and smooth as glass, and to the right, very far below a broad stream flows swiftly. Gawein can hear beneath him a river and it also seems to him that he hears people talking. He follows the sound and walks toward the river. Carefully he looks down and sees in a boat below a strong, handsome, richly-clad knight lying with his head in the lap of a beautiful maiden. They are completely devoted to each other by Love. She is leaning over the knight and they are kissing.

Motif References:

R 45.3 Captivity in cave
Z 71.1.1 Formula: three days and three nights
F 564.3.2 Person sleeps for three days and nights
F 757 Extraordinary cave
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)
F 969.4 Extraordinary earthquake
F 1099.11 (Li) Unnaturally long sleep
D 1960 Magic sleep
D 1978 Waking from sleep

HvdTCr-26484: The boat is drawn by a swan that has around its neck a golden chain with which it pulls the knight and the lady from place to place. It is larger and taller than an ostrich and is enjoying the service: it has taken a place high up in the stern and is smoothing its feathers. While Gawein is secretly looking the knight says to the lady that she should kiss him and be moved by pity, for this morning four knights will be slain here. At her question he tells her how that will happen: The ruler of this mountain, Baingranz of Ainsgalt, had a brother whom Gawein slew. It was the mighty giant who piled mountains on top of each other and conquered all the lands so that they had to pay tribute. Otherwise he would let no one live whom he or Galaas could reach with an army. When he besieged Flois on his island in the sea to enforce tribute, Gawein rescued the king by slaying the giant.

Motif References:

R 45.3 Captivity in cave
G 450 Falling into ogre’s power - miscellaneous
N 455 Overheard (human) conversation
P 531.1.1 Tribute required of conquered foreigners
F 531.5.11 Giant in contest [combat] with man
B 558.1 Boat drawn by swans (geese)
F 757 Extraordinary cave
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper

HvdTCr-26525: Now Gawein has ridden into this mountain. The practice here is that whoever comes in must remain for he must fight either a knight or Baingranz himself. If he swears fealty, he will become prisoner. But because of Gawein his companions will not be spared. This morning they will have to meet three good knights in single combat and if one of the comrades falls they will all be considered defeated. Luck has favored those knights with such strength that not one of them has ever been conquered. Gawein must face Baingranz, and the giant could kill twelve of him. Baingranz would not accept his oath of fealty, spare his life and keep him prisoner, but will cut off his head at once and do the same to his companions. Then the knight in the boat tells his lady that Gawein once served her by aiding her brother and that she should lament his death. He rescued him and defended him from magic when her brother was riding about as an errant knight, consumed with a passion that the art of the wild Lanfie had lighted in him because of her love.

Motif References:

R 45.3 Captivity in cave
F 301 Fairy lover [husband].
N 455 Overheard (human) conversation
F 567.1 Wild woman
F 610 Remarkably strong man
D 700 Person disenchanted
F 757 Extraordinary cave
H 924.1 Tasks assigned as ransom.
H 1166 Task: duel.
D 1355.3 Love charm
D 2063.1 Tormenting by magic.

HvdTCr-26581: They kiss again. Then the maiden asks her lover if he knows of anything that could save the stranger and his friends. The knight tells her that there is something in the mountain that might save Gawein if he knew about it, but all three of them would have to win. Besides the fourth day they are still asleep and have had nothing to eat or drink. In the gorge is a key with which one can unlock the mountain, and just outside is a spring that is guarded by a fierce dragon that never sleeps. He who unlocks the mountain and is able to drink from the spring cannot be harmed by the enchantment that overcomes all who must fight here. The dragon could swallow twelve men if he came upon them together. The maiden asks where is the key and the door, and how could they avoid fighting. The knight says they cannot evade combat, which will take place in the open. Then he tells her that the key is on the stone wall above them and shows her where the door is.

Motif References:

B 11.7.2 Dragon guards lake [fountain].
R 210 Escapes
N 455 Overheard (human) conversation
F 757 Extraordinary cave
D 925 Magic fountain
D 927.2 Magic spring [fountain] guarded by demons (monsters) [dragon].
D 1176 Magic key
D 1242.1 Magic water
D 1552.12 Magic key opens treasure mountain
D 1578 Magic object keeps off enchantment.

HvdTCr-26680: The knight orders the swan to go on. It climbs down at once into the water and takes them away. Gawein goes to the wall of the gorge and finds the key. Then he takes his steed and leaves his companions still sleeping. He soon finds the door and opens it, and hastens forth toward the spring. Gawein sees the monster basking in the sun with its tail wrapped around and around the spring so that no water could be seen. He turns at once toward the dragon, which is as large as a great tree, and pierces the dragon’s heart with his spear. The dragon knocks Gawein’s steed down dead with its tail, then gives a blow at Gawein, which he dodges. The monster relentlessly continues to attack Gawein in every way, but the knight skillfully manages to evade it. Meanwhile he has noticed a deep ditch near the spring and when the dragon is about to leap across he springs down and thrusts his sword through its throat. The dragon crashes down and dies. Its end comes just in time, for Gawein is almost overcome by weariness and the stench. He crawls toward the spring on all fours, washes himself in it and drinks. This greatly revives him.

Motif References:

B 11.11 Fight with dragon
B 11.7.2 Dragon guards lake [fountain].
R 210 Escapes
F 628.1.3 Strong man kills great serpent [dragon]
F 757 Extraordinary cave
D 925 Magic fountain
D 927.2 Magic spring [fountain] guarded by demons (monsters) [dragon].
D 1176 Magic key
D 1242.1 Magic water
D 1335.2.2 Water as magic strengthening drink
D 1552.12 Magic key opens treasure mountain

HvdTCr-26794: Then Gawein takes off his helmet and, filling it, carries spring water to his comrades who are still sleeping in the gorge. He raises them only with difficulty, they are robbed of all their strength. He gives them a drink from his helmet and urges them to saddle their steeds and arm themselves. Then he tells them about the events of the morning, what he has seen and heard in the gorge and how he has fought the dragon. He says he has not wanted to wake them until he has learned the truth of the matter. Before they are mounted they hear from mountain and valley a noisy confusion of voices that sounds like a joyous celebration of peasants. The throng crowds happily around the entrance of the gorge, singing all sorts of songs in praise of Gawein because of his victory. At the same time up on the mountain four heralds announce the four knights whom Gawein and his companions are to fight.

Motif References:

N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
D 1242.1 Magic water
D 1335.2.2 Water as magic strengthening drink

HvdTCr-26861: The people acclaiming Gawein have much suffered from the dragon: The monster had made its lair in their land, laid waste their meadows, forests and heaths and killed everything it could catch. The people had therefore been forced to retreat across the river into a very desolate region. Since he has delivered them, the people accept Gawein as a trusted protector and he therefore suffers no harm. Otherwise Gawein and his companions would have been killed at one. The four comrades ride forth from the gorge to fight the powerful knights who wait outside. Baingranz comes up and challenges Gawein. Since Gawein has lost his charger in the dragon-fight and now has only a palfrey, he asks his opponent to give him a charger so that the contest will be even. Baingranz refuses, for Gawein has killed his brother and slain his dragon, which will cost him land and people, and orders him to surrender. Gawein says he will do without and he and his companions will defeat the giant or die.

Motif References:

B 16.5.1 Giant devastating serpent
H 1166 Task: duel.
H 1561.6 Test of valor: fight with giant [warrior, dwarf-hero, dragon etc.]

HvdTCr-26981: A fierce battle begins. There is a single opponent for each, which is fair enough except that the travelers and their steeds are greatly weakened by having gone four days without food and drink. As their steeds bring the eight men together, they aim at each other mighty thrusts so that all fall to the earth behind the horses except Keii, who keeps his seat. They spring up and rush at each other with drawn swords. The violent struggle continues for a long time and all press hard against their opponent. Baingranz gives Gawein a blow that brings him to his knees. Gawein who has little strength left swiftly scrambles out of the way. Baingranz who would have crushed him to death crashes to the ground and cannot get up quickly because he is very heavy. Gawein springs up and strikes the giant a blow that nearly kills him. While the battle among the others still rages Baingranz offers fealty and Gawein accepts it, letting him live.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering
M 100.0.1 (Li) Oath of allegiance
H 1561.6 Test of valor: fight with giant [warrior, dwarf-hero, dragon etc.]

HvdTCr-27090: Soon afterward Lanzelet and Kalocreant are victors and receive the fealty oaths of their opponents. But Keii is fighting the best of the three knights and their conflict goes on fiercely. When Keii has so overpowered his foe that he begins to retreat the seneschal makes such a furious attack that he is weary when the other is again rested. But at last Keii manages a trick thrust and the knight falls dead on the battlefield. The people crowd around Keii and, singing, lead him to Gawein. Everyone is happy at the victory. Baingranz is sad and angry, yet he shows Gawein no less honor and has him treated with great esteem. People give Gawein all sorts of presents and offer their complete loyalty. They clean his armor and riding gear, and Keii gets good care for his wound.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering
M 100.0.1 (Li) Oath of allegiance
H 1166 Task: duel.

HvdTCr-27183: Gawein departs, and the people now freed from Baingranz’s dominion accompany him until he is out of the country. He takes a highway that leads straight toward Micholde. When he is close to the land he turns left onto a road that leads into it, but then he journeys for a month and suffers many hardships, because it is a desolate region. At last they come to the castle of Madarp. Gansguoter walks down from the castle to greet Gawein and his companions are also given a friendly welcome. Gansguoter entertains them well. That evening Gawein tells why he has come and presents Arthur’s request. Then he tells of his own trouble and asks for advice. Gansguoter, for the sake of Arthur and Igern, gladly does what Gawein desires. Gawein and his companions are happy and cease to worry. The next morning Gawein relates the whole story to the entire court and complains of Giramphiel’s deceit. Everyone is displeased with this treachery and many a knight declares he would risk his life with them if he were permitted to do so. Then they hear of the great dangers of their undertaking, but their warnings are in vain for nobody can discourage Gawein.

Motif References:

W 32 Bravery
N 845 Magician as helper.

HvdTCr-27309: Gansguoter prepares to travel, for he has to endure the hardships with them. With great art he has placed his land under an enchantment that no one who wants to ride through it could withstand. He did this because of his devilish giant-neighbors who are always lying in wait for him. He cannot fight them, because they have too much power and have completely conquered ten kingdoms. But his magic has held his enemies at bay and they are not able to harm him up to the time that Gawein will slay them. Gansguoter equips his guest and gives Gawein a hauberk. Its power is such that whoever wears it cannot be overcome by enchantment if he faces someone whom he excels in knightly skills. His foe could only win through his own strength and courage, for the hauberk’s might would surpass the other’s power so that both warriors would have to rely entirely on themselves. Gawein also receives a sword.

Motif References:

F 531.5.11 Giant in contest [combat] with man
D 812.13 Magic objects gifts of magician.
N 845 Magician as helper.
D 1101 Magic [part of] armor
D 1380.0.1 Magic object protects a city [land]
D 1578 Magic object keeps off enchantment.
D 1711 Magician
D 2163 Magic defense in battle.

HvdTCr-27370: Gansguoter takes three of his companions and such gear that is needed and sets out from the castle with the other four knights, on a road that leads through a forest. They soon come to the edge of the forest, where great, high mountains tower before them and find their way blocked by a cliff. Gawein turns at once toward an opening, but when he climbs the hillside, he hears, sounding from both valleys and down from a castle above the pass, a loud clamor like that of knights setting out for battle. He also hears much crackling before him; then a great fire suddenly flames up around the pass and the castle. Seeing this he rides up closer to get a better look. As he approaches, the fire and noise grow enormous and a voice cries from the tumult: “Come! Strangers are here.” After this a mighty blast sounds from a horn, and out of the flames presses a throng of burning warriors, who ride in knightly manner as if seeking a joust. The travelers are startled. When Gawein moves in the direction of the burning knights they turn toward him. Gawein aims his spear at them but Gansguoter orders him to stop, saying that he would be killed. Gawein obeys, but his companions object loudly.

Motif References:

F 574 Luminous [fiery] person
F 756.5.2 Perilous glen [narrow passage]
N 845 Magician as helper.
D 1131 Magic castle
D 1271 Magic fire
D 1380.0.1 Magic object protects a city [land]

HvdTCr-27454: Gansguoter at once rides up the mountain toward the knights, and they all retreat before him straight into the castle. He follows them through the gate and drives them away. The fire too disappears and everything is as still as before. Then Gansguoter tells them to ride after him without fear through the pass to a beautiful castle where they would spend the night. They are well entertained there. In the morning they set out again, their host riding with the four knights. Gansguoter says that all this is his land and that he has made it so safe that the whole world could not take it from him. Meanwhile they are traveling over open country that is bounded by high mountains and dark, thick forests. Later on they have to make their way up the left side of the ridge of the mountains along a narrow path, hanging over the plain, that leads to a high bridge.

Motif References:

N 845 Magician as helper.
D 1380.0.1 Magic object protects a city [land]

HvdTCr-27503: On reaching the bridge Gawein is denied passage, for the entrance is barred by a mighty portcullis and crossing over before them is a tall Moor, with a heavy iron club on his shoulder. He takes it in both hands and with it lets himself down into the water, which at once wells up toward the bridge, soon completely covers it, and rises as far as Gawein. All four knights think their end has come, for they can go neither forth nor back. Moreover this is the only way to the land of Sardin, the goal of their journey. Though the mighty current rises high over the bridge Gawein is determined to cross over. But as he is about to enter the water, Gansguoter calls out loudly, bidding him halt. Gawein stops. Gansguoter goes through the flood to the bridge, and, easily lifting the portcullis, tells the knights to ride after him without fear. When they follow Gansguoter through the gate and onto the submerged bridge, the water subsides. Then comes a mighty crash that resounds like thunder, and the bridge falls, carrying the travelers with it down into the gorge. Yet no one is harmed. It was all started by the Moor who had dropped into the water, but they survive because of Gansguoter whose magic has brought them out of great peril. The magician watches over them and they soon float out safely to the shore.

Motif References:

F 531.1.7.2 Black giant
F 531.4.5.0.1 (Bm) Giant ‘s [wild man ‘s] club.
F 835.2 Remarkably large club [pole]
N 845 Magician as helper.
F 932.8 River rises and overflows
D 1258 Magic bridge.
D 1380.0.1 Magic object protects a city [land]
D 2091.7.1 River magically caused to rise against enemy
D 2151.2 Magic control of rivers.

HvdTCr-27610: When Gawein asks Gansguoter to tell what is behind all this, he replies that they are in the land of Sardin, involved in an adventure so dreadful that no man has ever before dared try it. If Gansguoter would not have undertaken it now for Gawein’s sake, the adventure would have never been completed by anyone. He adds that the purpose of the bridge and the flood is to guard the land, and that no one has ever walked or ridden on it. Great pains have been taken to construct a bridge that would protect the land from all danger should someone want to invade it with an army or terrorize it. But now this weapon is down in the water and broken and nothing worse could have happened to the country. No one could have done it except he who knows the enchantment and was aided by strength and courage. He tells them how greatly worried Giramphiel and Fimbeus have been by this turn of events and that it would bring sorrow and distress to Sardin. He declares that Gawein is avenged on the two for all of his hardships, for nothing could hurt them more. With the destruction of the bridge, their land’s very best defense is forever stripped of magic, lies in ruins and cannot be restored. Therefore both they and their fame are doomed to fade.

Motif References:

N 845 Magician as helper.
F 932.8 River rises and overflows
D 1258 Magic bridge.
D 1380.0.1 Magic object protects a city [land]
D 2091.7.1 River magically caused to rise against enemy
D 2151.2 Magic control of rivers.

HvdTCr-27678: Having learned all this, Gawein once more sets out with his companions on their quest. In a short time they catch sight of a beautiful castle. Before Gansguoter takes leave of them he tells Gawein just what to do and what to watch out for. Then he gives him a small present with helpful instructions about how it should be used to aid him. Gansguoter turns to Micholde and the others toward Gahart. When the knights come near the drawbridge they find Fimbeus and his men who receive them most politely. The gate is opened for them to ride in. They are treated as honorable guests. Those in the castle do not yet know why or from where these men have come and have no idea what has happened, for they do not think such a misfortune possible. Least of all do they expect one of the strangers to be Gawein.

Motif References:

P 322.2 Guest in disguise or under false name
D 812.13 Magic objects gifts of magician.
N 845 Magician as helper.

HvdTCr-27748: On learning the news Giramphiel sends a maiden to find out who the strangers are. It is the one whom she had sent to Karidol with the glove. She recognizes them at one and hurries back to her lady. Giramphiel is not at all troubled, but quite pleased and Gawein is treated with much respect. She is happy because her deception has regained the victory stone and because she intends, through treachery, to make Gawein pay in the morning for all her grief. Fimbeus is certain that he would defeat his enemy, since he has got back the stone. Yet the power of Gawein’s hauberk still would see to it that only human strength, unassisted by magic, could conquer or kill him. In the evening while they are sitting at the table eating, Gawein is thinking about his errand and what Gansguoter told him. The knight has not forgotten his directions. When the meal is half finished he takes the gift and goes to Fimbeus. He speaks very politely and tells Fimbeus that he has been charged with bringing him a costly present from King Arthur. He will tell him everything if Fimbeus will neither deny nor be offended by the request that goes with it.

Motif References:

P 322.2 Guest in disguise or under false name
D 1101 Magic [part of] armor
D 1578 Magic object keeps off enchantment.
D 2163 Magic defense in battle.

HvdTCr-27838: Fimbeus grants all for which Gawein has asked and the latter shows the present to the company. It is a tiny gold coffer in which lies a figure. Whoever looks at it cannot keep from falling asleep. Gawein tells him that whoever looks inside the coffer cannot help falling asleep at once. Fimbeus should send for his entire retinue so that they could find out whether this is true. After court is seated in the hall, Gawein carries the coffer along in front of them. As soon as they see the figure, they forget where they are and sink down, while Gawein goes on to the rest. He leaves out no one except his comrades, his host, the other three at the latter’s table, and Giramphiel. Fimbeus is delighted. Gawein closes his coffer and tells Fimbues more about the present: He says Fimbeus has heard how a nobleman, whom Gawein sees here with his host, deceived King Arthur, by getting something of value through falsehood. Gawein tells Fimbeus that he has come to demand that which was taken from his lord (magic glove and ring). The two sides are equal and each of Fimbeus’s companions can have his own opponent.

Motif References:

D 881 Magic object recovered by using second magic object.
D 887 (Li) Magic object recovered by fighting
D 1174 Magic box.
H 1239.3 Quest accomplished by means of objects given by helpers.
D 1266.2 Magic picture.
D 1364 Object causes magic sleep
D 1960 Magic sleep

HvdTCr-27959: Fimbeus is willing to settle the matter by fighting Gawein. He sends for his armor, weapons and steed, which are brought by his three companions. Gawein and his friends also prepare for the battle. Soon all eight ride out of the castle gate, while Giramphiel remains behind alone. Lanzelet and Kalocreant get two fine warriors, while the magpie knight falls to Keii. The spears are soon shattered and they continue to fight with their swords. The battle rages on and profit and loss is shared equally for Luck gives his support to all. Their armor becomes covered with blood, but none of them feels weakened by the conflict. Gawein has wounded Fimbeus, but the latter fights on, trusting in the stone that is now dormant. When Gawein sees that his opponent can not longer defend himself, he calls on him to surrender for he does not want to kill him. In the meantime Giramphiel wants to find out why the battle is lasting so long. Seeing her knight almost defeated she admonishes him to fight on for the sake of their love. This renews Fimbeus’s courage and strength, and the struggle becomes very fierce, for Fimbeus presses hard on Gawein. By a clever stratagem of parrying and retreating he regains his strength and gives his foe no rest until he drops senseless from his steed. Thus the conflict ends.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
D 881 Magic object recovered by using second magic object.
D 887 (Li) Magic object recovered by fighting
H 1239.3 Quest accomplished by means of objects given by helpers.

HvdTCr-28209: On seeing this Giramphiel falls unconscious to the ground; she swoons ten times at least for she does not know whether Fimbeus is alive or dead. Gawein hurries to her and tells her not to grieve, since her lover would be well thus calming her. Then Gawein goes to Fimbeus, who swears fealty to him. Giramphiel vows to give Gawein the magic objects (gloves, the ring, and the stone) if he would spare Fimbeus’s life and make him his prisoner from that time on. Meanwhile the battle between the six others continues. Keii is the first to conquer and then his two companions overcome their opponents. Thereupon all go up together to the castle. Its lord is carried up. Gawein regains the prizes and thus accomplishes his quest. He has the people of the castle awakened as soon as night has passed and he continues his journey.

Motif References:

D 881 Magic object recovered by using second magic object.
D 887 (Li) Magic object recovered by fighting
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief
H 1239.3 Quest accomplished by means of objects given by helpers.

HvdTCr-28262: Gawein turns onto a road that he thinks should lead toward the land he seeks. They do not stop at any house during the journey and have only such food and shelter as are supplied by the wilderness. His companions trust in Gawein as their guide, believing he knows how to get there, which he does not. For twelve days the knights follow an unknown road until they come to a forsaken landing jutting out into a lake. There the road ends and there is neither ferry nor ford, it is as if no one ever comes there. They do not want to turn back and therefore load their weapons and armor on their packhorses, drive the animals into the water and swim after them. After swimming a long day and night, they are in misery and have no more hope to survive. But when they believe death at hand, a wave rescues them by bearing them across the water and throwing them out on the shore. Nothing has been lost in the crossing and they ride on. Soon after they come to four roads and when they are quite unable to choose which they should follow Gawein advises that they separate and each go his own way. They part.

Motif References:

F 162.6 Lakes in otherworld
F 696 Marvelous swimmer
F 713 Extraordinary pond (lake)
N 772 Parting at crossroads to go on adventure.

HvdTCr-28362: Thus all ride alone and never leave the road they have chosen, follow it over stick and stone, water and heath, through desolate land, suffering great hardships. On his lonely way Gawein wrestles constantly with many thoughts, until before he realizes it, a fire is burning around him, enclosing him completely so that he can not escape. The ring of flames leaps ever higher and forms a tight circle about him as he fearfully rides on. The fire draws Gawein forcibly with it right through the earth, and then it vanishes, leaving him unharmed. It has led him into a beautiful land, whose ruler is a goddess. Gawein sees a splendid palace with at least a thousand ladies and as many maidens sitting in the windows and looking down at the heath. Their clothing is very elegant. Gawein goes up to the palace and the ladies and maidens receive him in a stately way. Then two maidens lead him to their mistress, who is sitting in a splendid hall with three companions. Wanting to show her esteem for Gawein she stands up with the other three and goes to meet him. They kiss Gawein, which pleases him heartily.

Motif References:

F 112 Journey to land of women
F 159 Other means to reach the otherworld
F 721.3 Underground kingdom
F 721.1 Underground passages
N 770 Experiences leading to adventures
D 882 Extraordinary fire
D 1271 Magic fire
D 1313.16 Magic pillar of fire indicates direction.

HvdTCr-28455: Then the throng of ladies comes from the palace and sits down with them. The goddess asks the knight what he is seeking and then gives him instructions how he should proceed. She warns him to be cautious about falling asleep and ensures him that his labors will be rewarded if he follows her advice. She also tells him to take note of the three maidens sitting with them, the two messengers she has sent, and herself so that he would remember their faces and clothing and that wherever he sees them he should ask concerning the Grail. Should he neglect this once more, whether because being assailed by sleep or too lazy to ask or having forgotten for any reason, and let them leave unquestioned, then his quest would fail and his journey would be in vain and he could never make up for the journey. The goddess says that to protect himself, he should not drink at all, otherwise he would get so drowsy that he would fall asleep at once. She tells him that Gansguoter is her brother and that Gawein’s ladylove is her niece. Moreover she reveals that Giramphiel, because of her old anger in the affair of her lover, plans to have it told at Arthur’s court that Gawein has been slain and have it proved beyond doubt. Then she asks Gawein to grant a certain request.

Motif References:

H 1 Identity tests: recognition
C 262 Tabu- drinking in otherworld
C 650 The one compulsory thing.
C 651 The one compulsory question.
C 735 Tabu: sleeping.
N 815 Fairy as helper
H 1233.4.1 Fairies as helpers on quest
H 1320.1 Quest for magic object: [grail].

HvdTCr-28528: If the messenger is to reach the court of King Arthur, the retinue would be stricken with grief that would last as long as Gawein is absent. There would be no more festivities which means that the court would go to ruin and never regain its renown. This can be prevented with the gifts: the gloves and the ring will show that Gawein is alive. They must be at the court the following day. Gawein should keep the stone with him. Giramphiel has sent a knight named Gigamec, the one who took the head that he claimed to have taken from Gawein, which caused great lamenting. Then she tells Gawein how his companions are and what will happen to them on the journey. All will encounter great perils but will escape. Keii will be taken prisoner and will only be released until he conquers nine knights, one after the other, whom a maiden brings him. But this cannot be unless he is fully shielded from the magic that will be used against him. If he is well protected, no knight was ever better. He could fail and have to stay in a dungeon there forever if one of the knights whom he is supposed to defeat should win and not become his captive. If Gawein wants to save him, he must let him have his hauberk, this is the only way for Keii to escape.

Motif References:

H 84 Tokens of exploits
M 301.6 Fairies as prophets
H 924.1 Tasks assigned as ransom.
D 1810.0.4 Magic knowledge of fairies.
K 1860 Deception by feigned death (sleep)

HvdTCr-28591: By the time she has told Gawein the meal is prepared. Gawein spends the night at the castle and his hostess and her retinue entertain him well. A beautiful maiden is sent at once to Brittany with a message from the goddess and the gifts. Gawein does not tarry there, but hurries toward the rich castle of Illes, where, so he has been told, the Grail is to be found. He travels for six days, during which he can barely subsist, since the land has been laid waste and there is food for neither man or beast. He never turns aside from his path. Entering a dense forest, Gawein sees something most unusual taking place before him: He sees a red man whose body is aflame driving with a whip a large group of lovely women. They are naked and scream of pain. Gawein hurries toward the company and when he has nearly overtaken them the women cease their cries and crowd together, but the burning man runs toward him and kisses his leg and his foot. He then salutes the knight with gestures and smiles. Covering themselves up as best as they can with their hands, the women also come forward and greet him. Then they retreat and again form a tightly pressed throng. The man bows to the knight, and, turning away, follows the women who are sinking into the earth before him.

Motif References:

F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 171.6 Mysterious punishments in otherworld
F 574 Luminous [fiery] person
F 709 Other extraordinary countries
F 940 Extraordinary underground (underwater) disappearance

HvdTCr-28666: Gawein goes on, weeping at heart because of the women’s and the man’s distress. Riding farther into the forest, he sees a knight, to whom a lovely maiden is clinging, crying for help. A very old woman is chasing him, who charges after him with a glass in her hand. When she comes close to the knight, she throws the glass against a tree, and rides away. The forests goes up in flames and, before the knight and the maiden know what is happening, burns away so completely from there to the heath that nothing at all remains. Gawein is greatly distressed by this tragedy.

Motif References:

F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 171.3 People and things that strike one another in otherworld [mysterious fighting in otherworld].
F 571 Extremely old person
F 882 Extraordinary fire
D 1171.6.2 Magic goblet (glass)
D 1271 Magic fire
D 1566.1 Magic object sets things afire.
K 2293 Treacherous old woman.

HvdTCr-28699: He rides on and soon comes upon a remarkable scene. He sees a monster that is fastened by a mighty chain to a branch on which it is gnawing. The creature bears an aged lord, handsome and dressed in splendor, whose hands and feet are bound to his steed by golden fetters. In his right hand he holds a fine salve box of red jacinth, filled with an unknown material. Gawein forgets all his troubles when he sees the box and smells its fragrance, that gives him strength. The knight gazes at man and monster for a long time. They both are alive, but neither speaks to him, so he bows and rides on. When he comes upon tracks that show knights riding in front of him, he follows their trail. He soon thinks to hear hoof beats nearby and the track leads him out of the forest. There he sees the knights riding toward a splendid castle.

Motif References:

F 167.1 Animals in otherworld
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 171.6 Mysterious punishments in otherworld
D 1242 Magic fluid.
D 1335 Object gives magic strength
D 1359.3 Magic object causes joy

HvdTCr-28753: Gawein turns toward the castle to get a night’s lodging there and because of the warriors he sees before him. They are moving so fast that he cannot overtake them; he can only keep them in sight and is unable to get closer. Gawein watches them enter the castle with joyful clamor. He follows them and, finding the gate open, rides in, and dismounts. When he neither sees nor hears anybody, he begins to search every corner of the castle. He walks around for a long time without observing a sign of life except for a table covered with abundance of food and drink. Two golden washbasins filled with water are ready. The table is in the great hall. In the stable too he finds abundance of all one could wish for. When he goes back to the hall he finds it as empty as before and he thinks the knights might have gone to bed. Then he discovers a closed door and listens to see if he can detect anyone, but he hears nothing. He goes in and finds nobody, only a fine bed. Gawein is amazed that everything in the castle is so splendid and that he cannot find the knights he watched ride in. The knight returns to the hall and eats and drinks his fill. Then he puts the table in order and goes down to the castle gate but does not catch sight of anybody.

Motif References:

F 165.4 Table always set in otherworld dwelling
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
F 771.4.3 Abandoned castle
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-28891: Going back into the castle he lies down in the bedroom and sleeps until morning. In the hall he finds the table again set for a feast, even better than before, but again sees no one. He goes to the stable to look after his steed and, finding all well, has breakfast. Then he rides off. He has hardly crossed the drawbridge when it swings up and a maiden’s voice calls out to him courteously, saying that if ever Gawein were made comfortable it would be here through the good will of her lady. He therefore should trust her and her retinue. Hearing this, the knight tries to catch sight of the speaker, but she has vanished. Gawein returns to the road and travels in the land for a whole month, during which times he suffers many hardships and is much weakened. The road then leads him into a prosperous country that is so cultivated that there is plenty of the fruits of the earth and all sorts of other things to live well. The entire land is like an orchard, green with many kinds of sweet odors. It might well be an earthly paradise.

Motif References:

F 165.4 Table always set in otherworld dwelling
F 701 Land of plenty
F 771.4.3 Abandoned castle
D 1980 Magic invisibility

HvdTCr-28970: Just before he enters the country, Gawein encounters a pleasant scene. He sees a very broad sword of fire that guards a road leading to a strong tower in front of a charming castle the walls of which are as bright and transparent as glass, so that everything within would be seen from the outside. It is completely deserted. The author does not believe it is an enchanted castle, only that its history is unknown. Gawein there leaves the heath, and traveling through the fertile region, he finds everything he needs so that he recovers from the hardships. After twelve days the road brings him out of a forest into another country, where he finds his comrades, Kalocreant and Lanzelet. They have lost their way and wander aimlessly and Gawein would not have known them except by their coat of arms. They are sleeping under a tree past which his way takes him and his joy awakes them.

Motif References:

F 163.1 Castle in otherworld
N 760 Other accidental encounters
F 771.4.3 Abandoned castle
F 771.1.6.1 Castle with glass wall.
F 833.4 Fiery sword

HvdTCr-29010: In the meantime Keii has come to Illes, where he has heard many tales about the Grail and about an adventure in a chapel of the castle. Whoever goes there, can learn the entire Grail story and could free from bonds many men and women who are prisoners under distressing conditions. Going into the chapel, he finds nothing but the statue of an old knight, which is fixed by a spear driven through both knees. Keii breaks the figure to see if there is blood inside and thereby traps himself, for it has been decreed that whoever breaks the figure is to spend the rest of his life in misery in a prison. Still, he might avoid this by fighting nine single combats in a row without pause against nine bold knights who have never been defeated and who have always protected themselves with a magic that nothing can overcome. Keii is taken prisoner and could never return unless the ladies pray to God for him. He now has to atone for his jesting. The author thinks that the ladies should be merciful on him.

Motif References:

Z 71.6 Formulistic number: nine.
F 163.2 Church (chapel) in otherworld.
C 500 Tabu- touching
F 773 Remarkable church (chapel, temple)
F 855 Extraordinary image
H 924.1 Tasks assigned as ransom.
H 1166 Task: duel.
D 2163 Magic defense in battle.

HvdTCr-29097: Gawein finds his friends thus by the roads and there is much rejoicing. Before riding on, the two tell Gawein of the many troubles they have suffered and he relates his own tale. Then a noble squire comes toward them and bids them welcome from himself, his lord, and God. He asks them to come to his lord’s castle nearby and Gawein accepts the invitation. The squire hurries back and the group follows him. Soon they see before them a fine castle and many knights practicing a common knightly sport on the large field in front of it. They are dashing about for amusement without shield or spear. They receive the guests with friendly greetings and accompany them up to the castle, which is filled with knights and ladies having a merry time. Gawein is pleased. The company is supplied with all sorts of fine things. Then they go to see the lord of the castle. He has the most beautiful palace ever built, displaying great splendor, and is very rich, kind, cultured, and wise.

Motif References:

F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)

HvdTCr-29212: The hall is strewn with roses. The lord wears fine white clothing, sewn with gold thread. Two handsome young noblemen are sitting close by exchanging polite jests and clever things. They are playing chess beside his bed and he is leaning over the table toward the chessboard to watch the game and join the discussion. When Gawein enters the hall, his host receives him and his companions in a most friendly manner. He gives Gawein a place beside him on the bed, while his companions sit next to the game. The time passes pleasantly until dark, when the tables are set for the evening meal. The host asks them to sit beside him, calling each of his guests by name, for he knows who they are. Meanwhile many knights and ladies stream in and sit down, the ladies first bowing to the lord. Twenty chamberlains enter with towels and washbasins, and after them servants bring in many candles, which make the hall as bright as daylight.

Motif References:

F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)

HvdTCr-29287: They are followed by thirty fiddlers and others who sing sweet melodies. Everyone is joyful. Beside the lord of the castle sit Gawein and his companions, while all the rest in the hall are seated around them. Men and women eat together, a knight with every lady. When everyone is ready to eat, a handsome youth comes into the hall and places a beautiful broadsword in front of the old lord. Gawein wonders what it means. Cupbearers pour wine, and Gawein and his friends are served before anyone else. Their host sits without eating or drinking. Gawein also drinks nothing, but the other two, overcome by terrible thirst, drink, although he has forbidden them to do so. Therefore they sink into a deep sleep. The lord often urges Gawein to drink, but Gawein takes care to abstain.

Motif References:

F 171.0.1 Enigmatic happenings in otherworld.
C 262 Tabu- drinking in otherworld
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
D 1131 Magic castle
D 1960 Magic sleep

HvdTCr-29340: Then the stewards come in a very long line and serve them. Before the last course is served, two highborn maidens appear bearing two candlesticks that are covered with gems. They are followed by two squires who carry between them a highly ornate spear, and after them come two noble maidens who hold before them in a silk and gold cloth a golden bowl adorned with jewels. Behind them walks a lovely lady in a perfect dress and wearing a golden crown. On gold-embroidered silk she holds something that looks like a small gridiron of red gold, on which is a splendid object, made of a single jewel and the finest gold, which resembles a reliquary on an altar. As the last comes a beautiful maiden who is quietly weeping and lamenting; all the others are silent. Surrounding the old lord, they bow to him.

Motif References:

V 80 Religious services - miscellaneous
V 140 Sacred relics
F 166.1.1 ”Silver bowl”: Grail in otherworld.
F 171.0.1 Enigmatic happenings in otherworld.
F 575.1 Remarkably beautiful woman
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
D 1131 Magic castle

HvdTCr-29396: Gawein recognizes the lady. It is she who has told him about the Grail and warned him to be ready with the question wherever he might see her and her five companions. The four with the spear together place the spear on the table and the bowl under the spearhead. A miracle occurs: through the power of God three drops of blood fall from the spear into the bowl. The old lord takes them. The squires and the maidens then move back and the elegant lady steps forward with the grieving maiden, lifts the lid from the reliquary and sets it on the table. Gawein sees that the reliquary holds a small piece of bread. The lord breaks off a third of the bread and eats it. Gawein asks his question: he bids his host to tell him the meaning of this assembly and the miracle. As soon as he said this all the knights and ladies spring up with cries of joy. The lord asks that they sit down and be quiet. The commotion awakes Kalocreant and Lanzelet, yet they get no more than a glance at the ladies and the wondrous things before they fall asleep again. This happens five times.

Motif References:

H 1 Identity tests: recognition
Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
V 80 Religious services - miscellaneous
V 140 Sacred relics
F 166.1.1 ”Silver bowl”: Grail in otherworld.
F 171.0.1 Enigmatic happenings in otherworld.
C 650 The one compulsory thing.
F 851 Extraordinary food
F 866 Extraordinary cup
F 991.1 Bleeding lance.
D 1031.1 Magic bread.
D 1041 Blood as magic drink
D 1171.6 Magic cup.
D 1172 Magic dish.
D 1960 Magic sleep

HvdTCr-29462: The old lord tells Gawein that this miracle of God must not become common knowledge but must be kept secret. Then he tells him, his nephew, that he sees the Grail. Yet he will learn no more about it than what he has seen and that his question has evoked great joy, for Gawein has helped those who have suffered a long time. They were hopeful that Parzival would learn the secret of the Grail, but he left without daring to ask: He could have saved many human beings, both living and dead, from great distress. This calamity came about because Parzival’s uncle murdered his own brother to get the latter’s land and because of this deed God vented his wrath on him and on his clan, so that they all were lost. The living were driven from the country, while all the dead went about as if alive, but suffered bitterly thereby. Yet they found some assurance that their troubles would end.

Motif References:

S 73.1 Fratricide
V 80 Religious services - miscellaneous
F 166.1.1 ”Silver bowl”: Grail in otherworld.
F 171.0.1 Enigmatic happenings in otherworld.
Q 211.9 Fratricide punished.
Z 254 Destined hero
M 411.4.1 Curse by a god
E 422 Living corpse.
C 423.5 Tabu: revealing sacred mysteries.
M 460 Curses on families
Q 503 Wandering after death as punishment.
C 650 The one compulsory thing.
C 651 The one compulsory question.
F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)
D 789.6.1 Disenchantment by speaking proper words.
D 791.2 Disenchantment by only one person.
D 1131 Magic castle

HvdTCr-29514: If there were someone in the family who wanted to bring their pain to an end by learning the secret, their former joy would be restored. Both the living and the dead give thanks to Gawein as well as to God because he has freed them. The lord was quite innocent in the affair and therefore escaped God’s anger. Although he does not seem so, he is dead and his retinue also. Yet they are still able to choose those things that lead to joy and flee distress. Only the ladies there are alive. For the old lord’s sake God has entrusted to them the sacred mystery, with which God refreshes him and them once a year. All those wondrous events that Gawein witnessed were caused by the Grail. Now troubles have come to an end and Gawein has completed his task well. His host gives Gawein the sword, as a reward. It will never fail him and the knight is commanded to keep it with him all his life. The old lord then tells him that Gawein is to be spared the remainder of the quest, for the matter with Angaras of Karamphi would soon be settled. He would encounter him on the way when he rides forth in the morning. It will be exactly a year since Gawein has come to Karamphi and sworn to discover for Angaras the Grail or return as his prisoner.

Motif References:

V 80 Religious services - miscellaneous
F 166.1.1 ”Silver bowl”: Grail in otherworld.
F 171 Extraordinary sights in otherworld
M 411.4.1 Curse by a god
E 422 Living corpse.
M 460 Curses on families
Q 503 Wandering after death as punishment.
D 700 Person disenchanted
D 705.1 Castle disenchanted.
D 705 Place [land] disenchanted
D 813 Magic object received from fairy
D 1081 Magic sword

HvdTCr-29578: The lord of the castle then says that God has chosen the ladies for this sad duty because they are models of complete womanhood and not because of any misdeed. Since Gawein has found the Grail, it would never again be seen so publicly, and no one should reveal anything about the Grail, for this would harm the divine mystery. Whatever one’s eyes could see is granted by God’s favor, but its meaning must not be discussed. The account has taken the whole night. As soon as the old lord has finished speaking, he disappears and with him the Grail and the entire company except the lady and her maidens. They all give him a cordial welcome. The goddess tells Gawein that the country and the castle belong to her and that the Grail is not to be seen anywhere else, for God has ordained that she bear this burden until the present moment. The dead are relieved of life, the living of all their sorrows and everyone is happy.

Motif References:

V 80 Religious services - miscellaneous
F 130 Location of otherworld
F 166.1.1 ”Silver bowl”: Grail in otherworld.
C 423.5 Tabu: revealing sacred mysteries.
D 700 Person disenchanted
D 705.1 Castle disenchanted.
D 705 Place [land] disenchanted
D 2188 Magic disappearance

HvdTCr-29661: Gawein is the lady’s guest that day along with his companions, who are pleased at all they have heard, although they are sorry to learn that sleep has kept them from seeing the Grail. They are well cared for. In the morning they set out for Illes, where they are to find Keii in the chapel. No bonds are to be seen on his hands and feet, yet he still is bound and cannot leave the chapel at will, but only walk back and forth inside. On their way, as the lord has foretold, they meet Angaras of Karamphi, who has ridden forth alone in search of adventure and is now hurrying back to Karamphi. He and Gawein recognize each other at once and the latter fulfills his oath. They become friends and Angaras comes with Gawein to Illes. Keii is happy to see his comrades, while they are grieved and swear that if it were possible, they would be glad to undergo the trial in his place. Gawein gives him his hauberk, as the goddess has instructed and puts on Keii’s. Then they hurry off toward Karidol.

Motif References:

R 41.2 Captivity in tower
P 310.5 Defeated enemy turns true friend
N 839 (Bm) Noble [vassal, knight] as helper
H 1166 Task: duel.

HvdTCr-29746: It takes them almost half a year to pass through the broad lands. When they come to Karidol and those at the castle recognize their coat of arms everyone is delighted. The king and queen and all there go down to meet them. Then they go up to the great hall, where the travelers tell about all their trials and that Keii is imprisoned and how he would have to free himself. Keii is lamented and all pray that God would send him back well. Angaras is introduced to the court and at his request and with the king’s permission he joins the company of the Round Table and becomes a member of the court. A court-day is announced at which time the nobles are to assemble with great splendor to receive and do homage to Angaras, for this is a custom the king always observes as he welcomes new members. There is a large company that takes part in all kinds of games and enjoys itself greatly. Yet some lament Keii’s absence.

Motif References:

P 19.0.1 (Li) King Arthur as leader of outstanding chivalric society (Round Table)
Z 201.9.1 (Bm) Hero’s famous possessions - Arthur’s Round Table
P 634 Feasts

HvdTCr-29827: Meanwhile Keii has defeated the nine knights and freed himself from bondage. He had to win each joust to survive. When he departs he insists that the defeated accompany him. They arrive on the first day of the festival. The court is grieving for him and the king sits at the table neither eating nor drinking. Without being observed by anyone, Keii rides up to the palace and presses fully armed into the hall with his captives. There is great rejoicing at his triumph. The captive knights are welcomed and there is a great celebration at Karidol, because Gawein and his companions have brought news of the Grail, Angaras has become a member of the Round Table, and Keii has regained his freedom. The festivities end after twelve days and the guests depart. The ladies are glad that Keii has returned to them, for he now wants to be their champion. Yet one must fear that he will be seen and heard jesting and will stray from the path of righteousness.

Motif References:

P 555.4 (Bm) Defeated knights [giant, rescued persons etc.] sent under oath to king [lady, queen] (as proof of victory)
P 634 Feasts
H 1166 Task: duel.

HvdTCr-29909: Thus the story ends, which according to the author is a well-crafted crown, with beautiful gems set in gold. Should anyone detect something not perfect the crown or the master who made it have nothing lost thereby, for no one else is deceived but he who paid for it. Gold does not rust however long it lies hidden and is a pleasant sight. Then the author tells a parable: While a rooster was looking for food on a dung heap, he discovered a precious stone. When it shone forth out of the dung he lamented that it was not found by someone who could use it, for it cannot still his hunger. He trampled it down. Sight could have been granted to him who was sated with his own appearance. Then the author continues saying that the crown his

Motif References:

hands wrought skillfully can only be worn by noble and good people. The stones of the crown are in keeping with their honor, and he who examines it carefully may well observe many strange figures of all kinds. May all the ladies who live so as to be highly esteemed be crowned with this diadem! They should give the author a fond greeting and their favor in return for it. Then he, Heinrich, addresses his best wishes to the owner of the book. The author has written it as the noble lord himself directed. In the end he says he would gladly be free of his wife, her being forever in heaven, or should she live on he would like to take her place in heaven and have her marry a Swabian, which would be happy news to him.

Matière de Bretagne

Heinrich von dem Türlin, Diu Crone (>1225) Scholl, G.(ed.): Heinrich von dem Türlîn, Diu Crône. Stuttgart 1852.

Heinrich von dem Türlin, Diu Crone (>1225)
Scholl, G.(ed.): Heinrich von dem Türlîn, Diu Crône. Stuttgart 1852.