BaAlx-1: Nectanibus is king of Egypt. He is well-educated in astronomy and nigromancy. One day, messengers of the Persian king announce that their master plans to wage war against him. Nectanibus retreats to his room: he takes a basin, pours rainwater into it and takes a brazen rod. He beseeches it to make the identity of the attackers known to him. When he learns that it is the Persian king, he is worried and dismisses the messenger. He works another magic to learn if he will be victorious.

Motif References:

D 1311.19 Divination by water
D 1711 Magician
D 1810.0.2 Magic knowledge of magician
D 1812.3 Means of learning future

BaAlx-45: As the answer is negative, he cuts off his ear, thus causing his transformation. He packs a treasure and flees first to Belusin, then to Ethiopia.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
D 1812.0.1.3 (Bm) Magician flees when he foresees his own doom
K 1821.6 Disguise by cutting one eye out [one ear off]

BaAlx-56: He puts on clothes of white linen to be recognized as a soothsayer in Macedonia. People come to him ask him about king Nectanibus. He does not reveal his identity.

Motif References:

K 1825.8 Disguise as astrologer [soothsayer]

BaAlx-69: One day, while king Philip is away, Nectanibus visits his palace. When he perceives Philip’s wife Ollipya, he instantly falls in love with her. He raises his hand to greet her and addresses her as “king of Macedonia”, as he does not dare to say “my lady”. She keeps her silence, but bows a bit towards him, telling him to sit down and offering him some wine.

Motif References:

T 15 Love at first sight

BaAlx-101: She recognizes him as an Egyptian, and he, inattentively, admits this, is even proud that his origin is revealed. He says that Egyptians have the power to interpret people’s dreams and to reveal people’s secrets. He introduces himself as one of the best soothsayers, sent by the gods. While he has been talking, he has been watching her intensely. She asks him for the reasons, and he answers that the gods told him to do so.

Motif References:

J 192.2 Wisdom from Egypt

BaAlx-131: Then, the magician proves his abilities to the queen. He takes a little ivory slate, ornate with gold, out of his bosom. When the slate is opened, it depicts three circles: the first shows 12 signs/characters, the second 12 animals, the third sun and moon. Then Nectanibus takes an ivory receptacle. By the use of these symbols, he is able to find out the time of birth of any human being. It is also used to conjure up the devil. Nectanibus takes seven pebbles out of the receptacle, as he needs them to symbolize the 7 planets. Ollipya asks him for a demonstration of his skills: he shall tell her Philip’s birthday. He instantly fulfils her request. Her second question concerns a rumor that has come to her ears: Philip is going to leave her for another woman. Nectanibus denies this and announces that soon a god will have intercourse with her; he will also be her protector. He will be of average appearance, with ram’s horns on his head, and the beard of a kid.

Motif References:

A 123.12 (Bm) God with horns of silver and gold
M 332 (Bm) Prophecy: God will visit mortal
D 1311.6.0.1 Divination by looking upon astrolabe [astrological instrument]
D 1712.0.1 Astrologer-magician
D 1810.0.2 Magic knowledge of magician
D 1812.3 Means of learning future

BaAlx-203: Ollipya then says that in case Nectanibus’ prophecies become true, she will invite him as a god. So, Nectanibus gives her to drink of the juices of magic herbs he found in the desert: those make her dream of making love to the god Ammon. When she wants to tell him about her dream, he pretends that he already knows it: the god comes to her in the shape of a dragon. She again affirms that he will be the father of her child in case this proves to be true. So, Nectanibus appears to her as a dragon the following night. She conceives a child.

Motif References:

D 199.2 Transformation: man to dragon
M 260 Other promises
T 513.1.1 Impregnation by magician’s power
D 658 Transformation to seduce
D 978 Magic herbs
K 1315.1 Seduction by posing as a god
D 1584.1 Charm induces dream
D 1731.2.3 (Bm) Dream of visit by god
D 2160 (Bm) Dream created by magic

BaAlx-247: When he leaves her the following morning, he prophesies that the son she bears will be so strong that he can not be defeated by anyone.

Motif References:

M 311 Prophecy: future greatness of unborn child

BaAlx-254: As Ollipya fears that her husband might find out about her pregnancy, Nectanibus induces a dream to Philip: He dreams of Ollipya’s intercourse with the god Ammon. He asks his astrologer about this dream. That one says that the dream will come true, and that the child the queen carries will never be satisfied and strive to reach the end of the world. He will be very mighty.

Motif References:

D 1731.2.3 (Bm) Dream of visit by god
D 1812.3.3.0.4 (Bm) Interpretation of dream by second party
D 2160 (Bm) Dream created by magic

BaAlx-289: One day, when Philip leaves on warfare, the dragon appears to him and walks in front of him, killing his enemies. Then, Philip returns home, assuring his wife of his affection. She does not have to fear any harm, as he knows that the child has been conceived from a god, as he has seen in dreams. So, the dragon appears again: This time he enters the hall during a meal, frightening the people. He approaches the queen and kisses her. Philip mentions the help the dragon was during his military campaign.

Motif References:

B 11.6 Deeds of dragons

BaAlx-337: Another time, when Philip is alone, a hen flies to him, sits in his lap and lays an egg. The egg drops on a stone and breaks. Out of the crack, a serpent emerges. As it wants to return into the egg, which is impossible as it is broken, the serpent dies. He sends for his wise men to interpret this strange event. They say that he will have a son who will be mightier than –himself and will rule over many countries. But he will die before being able to return home, after he will have achieved everything he desires.

Motif References:

H 614 Explanation of enigmatic phenomenon
B 718 (Bm) Adder creeps out of egg, dies before it can crawl back in
F 989 Extraordinary occurrences concerning animals – miscellaneous
D 1812.5.2.2 Meeting certain person (animal) a good omen

BaAlx-367: When Ollipya feels the first birth-pangs, she sends for Nectanibus for help. He estimates the course of the stars and tells her to stand up, as the constellation is unfortunate for her. When it changes, he tells her to sit down, and she gives birth without pains.

Motif References:

T 584.0.1 Childbirth assisted by magic [astrology]
D 1712.0.1 Astrologer-magician

BaAlx-391: Earthquake, thunder and lightning at the moment of the child’s birth during the night. King Philip immediately goes to visit his wife and child, saying that the child shall be raised as his own even though it has been engendered by a god, as the nature phenomena indicated. The boy shall be named Alexander.

Motif References:

Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
F 960.1.1 Extraordinary nature phenomena at birth of royalty
F 960.1.1.1 Thunder report at birth of king
F 968 Extraordinary thunder and lightning
F 969.4 Extraordinary earthquake

BaAlx-421: Alexander’s hair resembles a lion’s fur, his eyes – one light, the other black – have an extraordinary glow.

Motif References:

F 512 Person unusual as to his eyes
F 541.6 Eyes remarkable as to colour
F 555 Remarkable hair

BaAlx-427: At school, he learns more rapidly than other infants. He is educated also in knightly games (fighting in tournaments, running, jumping, throwing, hunting, wrestling).

Motif References:

T 585 Precocious infant

BaAlx-437: Ollipya overhears Philip deploring that Alexander does not resemble him in the least. She asks Nectanibus about the meaning of this statement, and the magician calms her: Philip does not mean to harm her or the child.

Motif References:

BaAlx-463: Nectanibus reads in a star that the child will have a pleasant life. Alexander watches him and asks Nectanibus if he is also able to see his own fate in the stars. Nectanibus tells him that he already knows that he will die by the hands of his own child. As Alexander is eager to learn from him, Nectanibus invites him to accompany him by night.

Motif References:

M 302.4.2 (Bm) Future read in stars
M 343 Parricide prophecy
D 1311.6.4 Divination by stars
D 1712.0.1 Astrologer-magician
D 1812.0.1.2 Foreknowledge of means of death

BaAlx-489: The moment he lifts his head to point at the stars to explain them to Alexander – Hercules, Mercurius, Jovis – the child pushes him into the moat, admonishing him with his curiosity to know the future. At the moment of his death, Nectanibus reveals that he is in fact Alexander’s father and that he has indeed been brought to death by his own child. Alexander now repents, takes the magician into his arms and brings him before his mother, who confirms Nectanibus’ declaration. The magician is buried.

Motif References:

S 139 Miscellaneous cruel murders
N 338.4 (Bm) Son unwittingly slays father (Slays teacher who was rumored to be his father)
M 391 Fulfillment of prophecy

BaAlx-535: A noble from Kabadocya sends Philip a horse that he names Bucival: It is untamed and impetuous, bites and kicks anyone coming near it. Its snout is like the snout of an ass with wide nostrils. Its ears are long and his head is narrow and meager. Its eyes have the color of blood. Its neck is like a lion’s neck; its back is covered with the hair of cattle. Its flanks show patches of a leopard.

Motif References:

B 15.7.10 Animal unusual as to skin
B 15.1 Animal unusual as to his head
B 15.5 Animal unusual as to his nose (snout)
B 15.4 Animals with unusual eyes
B 731.2.1 Horse with crimson mane and green legs [Polychromatic horse]

BaAlx-554: The horse that Philip names Bucival is so aggressive that it has to be chained and is kept in a stable. Nobody dares to come near it. Only persons who have forfeited their lives are given to it, as it only eats human flesh.

Motif References:

B 16.1.3 Devastating horse
B 16.1.3.1 Man-eating mares
B 16.1.3.2 (Bm) Man-eating horse
G 351 Domestic beast as ogre
Q 415 Punishment: being eaten by animals
F 989.22 Animals eat extraordinary food

BaAlx-570: The gods prophesy that the one who is able to ride the horse will be his, Philip’s, successor to the throne. One day, when Alexander, now 20 years of age, returns home, he passes by the stable, where the horse neighs and raves; he enquires about it. Ptolomeus tells him that this is the wild mare Bucival, who bites everybody who comes near her. As the servants are too fearful to open the door of the stable, Alexander breaks it. When Bucival feels him come near, she wags her tail like a dog and kneels down. Alexander caresses her, then mounts her and rides out of the stable.

Motif References:

P 11.1 Choice of kings by divine will
B 16.1.3 Devastating horse
H 41.7 Task: to ride horse whereby one becomes king
H 71.10 Marvel as sign of royalty
H 171.3 Horse indicates election of emperor
H 172.1 Horse will permit only certain man to ride him
Z 201.1 (Bm) Hero’s famous horse
M 361 Fated hero
B 771.6 (Bm) Only hero able to tame wild horse

BaAlx-646: When Philip learns about the events, he is very proud. He goes to meet his son, who dismounts from his horse at his approach. Philip tells him that he will be king. Alexander asks to be knighted. Philip gives him precious weapons.

Motif References:

P 17.0.2 Son succeeds father as king
P 53 (Bm) Obtaining knighthood

BaAlx-677: Alexander refuses to be called king before he has won himself a kingdom and another king’s crown. So he assaults king Niklaus of Zesarya and defeats him. He takes his crown.

Motif References:

P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault

BaAlx-697: At his return, Alexander learns that his father has repudiated his mother and taken another wife, Cleolepatra (Cleopatra). Alexander crowns Philip with king Niklaus’ crown and reproaches him with repudiating his mother and committing adultery. Alexander says that the person who gave this advice has done badly.

Motif References:

T 232 Woman deserts husband for unworthy lover [Husband repudiates wife for another woman]
P 233.9 Son chastizes father for scorning mother

BaAlx-730: It was the knight Lisyas, who introduced Cleolepatra to Philip. As he mocks Alexander, the youth hews out his teeth with a goblet.

Motif References:

S 164 Mutilation: knocking out teeth
Q 288 Punishment for mockery

BaAlx-752: Philip, leaping up from the table in rage, falls over and breaks his leg. Now also Alexander gets infuriated and hews about with his sword, killing many people. Then he heals his father’s leg and reunites him with his mother.

Motif References:

P 12.13 King quick to anger
P 14 Particular practices of kings
T 298 Reconciliation of (separated) couple
N 397 Accidental self-injury
D 2161.3.3 Magic cure of broken limbs

BaAlx-777: The inhabitants of one of Philip’s towns are disloyal. Alexander conquers the castle together with 100 men.

Motif References:

P 550.1.2 (Li) Defense of legitimate rights by war
K 2299 Other villains and traitors – miscellaneous

BaAlx-796: At his return, Alexander meets the messengers of king Daryus, who have come with letters to collect tribute from Philip. Alexander disapproves of his father paying tribute. He has the messengers tell their king that he will lose his head in case he insists on the tribute.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]

BaAlx-824: King Philip’s men in Talomon are disloyal towards him. Alexander conquers the castle, kills the burgrave (count of the castle) and the men. Plunders the castle and gives the treasure to his warriors.

Motif References:

Q 411 Death as punishment
P 550.1.2 (Li) Defense of legitimate rights by war
K 2299 Other villains and traitors – miscellaneous

BaAlx-845: On his return, Alexander fights with the margrave Pausonias who has abducted his mother, Ollipya, and mortally wounded Philip. He kills Pausonias. Philip dies.

Motif References:

R 10.5 (Bm) Queen abducted
P 16.0.1 (Bm) Regicide
S 110 Murders
Q 213 Abduction punished
Q 411 Death as punishment

BaAlx-878: Alexander, still young, becomes king after Philip’s death. He assembles his counselors and discusses a military expedition against Persia, to whom the Greeks are tributary. They assure him of their loyalty.

Motif References:

P 17.0.2 Son succeeds father as king
W 34 Loyalty
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war

BaAlx-908: Alexander summons his army (sends messengers with letters to Greece, Macedonia and Kalap). The town of Nicomedyas sends 12,000 warriors. He promises reward and menaces those who refuse military aid with banishment. Alexander’s army of 70,000 warriors crosses the sea and collects tribute from countries belonging to Daryus, and then they proceed to the country of Sittiren where many men join his army.

Motif References:

P 531 Taxation and payment of fines and tribute
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 551 Army

BaAlx-940: In Rome, Alexander is welcomed in a friendly way. He gets 100,000 pounds of silver, a precious cloak and a golden crown.

Motif References:

P 13 Customs connected with kings

BaAlx-954: 1000 Roman warriors join Alexander’s army. He goes to Africa, which is subject to Daryus. Alexander conquers Carthage. The inhabitants swear an oath of submission. Alexander sends messengers to the country of Ellie, Britannia, Gallilea and Karttanison. He wants them to submit to him completely. They follow his request and bring silver and gold.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering

BaAlx-977: Alexander refuses the gold, but takes 2000 warriors into his army. He conquers Alexandria, a town that was named after him.

Motif References:

Z 703 (Bm) Eponymous account of city’s founding

BaAlx-986: Alexander continues his expedition and destroys many lands belonging to Daryus: Gallilea, the country of Neptalim, then Sabulon, Naason, Samaria, Syria. He conquers Bettulia, the Jewish lands, burns Jerusalem and Bethlehem.

Motif References:

BaAlx-1000: He decides to besiege Tiryus. This is a rich town, surrounded by the sea. The town’s expansion is about one mile. It is subject to king Daryus.

Motif References:

BaAlx-1009: Alexander sends messengers to ask the inhabitants to submit to him. He promises to let them live and proceeds his campaign in case they do, but menaces them with destruction and death if they do not. They tell him that they neither need nor fear him, but offer to give him everything of their own will.

Motif References:

M 500 (Bm) Threats
P 550 Military affairs

BaAlx-1025: Alexander sits down infuriated. He sends again three of his princes as messengers. They are hanged by the leaders of the town.

Motif References:

S 113.1.2 Prisoners taken in war (enemy’s messengers) hanged

BaAlx-1042: Alexander pitches his camp on the fields around the town and assaults Tiryus with ships from the sea. 20,000 Tiryans defend their town. The blood of the men of Alexander’s army reddens the sea. His ships founder because of the westerly winds, and many men drown. Alexander stops the assault.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle

BaAlx-1066: Alexander chooses another strategy: He gives his carpenters orders to built war-machines: bind together trees and wooden towers wherefrom logs are meant to lead to the castle’s pinnacles. He sends 11,000 men over the sea to fell trees for the making of towers (bergfride) and ships.

Motif References:

P 552.4 War-machines

BaAlx-1084: More than 1.000 of Alexander’s men are killed by Arabians, who support Tiryus. Alexander comes to the mountains of Libam to help them with4000 men and leaves his army near Tiryus in the hands of the dukes Glasat and Berdix.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)

BaAlx-1104: Meanwhile, the inhabitants start an assault against Alexander’s army and burn down one of the fortification towers. They beat and hang everyone they get hold of. Some jump into the sea and stay on the sea-bottom. They come back safe at the end of the day. Alexander’s two dukes assault the town, 200 Tiryans die.

Motif References:

F 691 Man can breathe nine days under water [People survive under water for one day]

BaAlx-1130: Battle and siege of Tiryus: Alexander returns to Tiryus: He has the ships bound together and has them covered with skins. They break the walls of Tiryus. Combat begins. The sea turns red from blood. The Greeks manage to turn over the towers of the town, thus breaking the walls. Then, they erect their towers (bergfrid), enabling them to climb the town’s walls. Alexander gives the order to assail the town. (1130-1247)

Motif References:

P 552.4 War-machines
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

BaAlx-1163: Alexander kills the Duke of Tiryus and then jumps on the pinnacles together with many of his warriors. Furious fighting continues inside the town; many warriors die, blood-streams flow. The earth is covered with corpses. The Tiryans fight ferociously, killing many of Alexander’s men.

Motif References:

BaAlx-1211: Therefore, Alexander sends for troops as reinforcement and has 79 catapults erected on his counselor’s advice. Those are divided into three units and are used to throw “Greek fire” (only Alexander knows how to make it), which continues burning also in water, into the town. Thus, they force the Tiryans to open the gates.

Motif References:

P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 882 Extraordinary fire
F 964.4 Blazing stick continues to burn even in water
D 1271 Magic fire
D 1672 Unquenchable fire

BaAlx-1248: Alexander orders to break down the towers. He has 3000 of the richest burghers captured, blinded and hanged to avenge the hanging of his three messengers. In this battle, Alexander lost more warriors than Tiryus had inhabitants.

Motif References:

Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
Q 413.4 Hanging as punishment for murder
Q 451.7.4 Blinding as punishment for murder

BaAlx-1266: Tiryus is destroyed now. The town was once founded by king Apollonius, who was chased away by king Anttyobus, as he told him in a letter that he knows that he, Anttyobus’, has intercourse with his own daughter. Tiryus is also the town where God freed the daughter of a heathen from an evil spirit.

Motif References:

T 411 Father-daughter-incest
Z 703 (Bm) Eponymous account of city’s founding
D 2176.3 Evil spirit exorcised

BaAlx-1276: Daryus learns from a man who has been able to flee from Tiryus, that Alexander blinded and hanged many Tiryans and then had the town burned down. He urges the king to support Tiryus, as it would be a big shame if he did not.

Motif References:

BaAlx-1290: Correspondence between Daryus and Alexander: Daryus, who underestimates Alexander, sends him three gifts to show him his despise: a child’s ball, a shoelace and a little piece of gold in a box. In a letter, he explains the gifts: The ball means that Alexander had better play with children. The shoe-lace is to remind him of the daily service he owes Daryus, as a shoelace is something used every day. The gold signifies the tribute that the Greeks pay to Daryus.

Motif References:

Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
Z 174 Message or orders given symbolic action
H 607 Discussion by symbols

BaAlx-1317: Alexander gets infuriated when reading the letter and gives orders to hang the messengers. One of them cleverly argues him out of doing so: Alexander himself would not accept if his messengers were killed. He confirms that there is no king comparable to Alexander – he had better be moderate!

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
J 1675 Clever arguing with a king

BaAlx-1332: Alexander pardons the messengers. He returns them the gold with these words: Daryus acts like a dog that flees barking loudly at the approach of the enemy. Alexander interprets the presents of Daryus in another way: The ball means that he should rule over the whole world. The shoelace is to signify that Daryus would subject himself to him. The gold symbolizes that he is entitled to collect tribute from Daryus. Alexander writes this answer in a letter. He tells Daryus also that he would give him a month’s respite, and then he will cross the Euphrates with 40,000 men to come to Babylonia. If Daryus refuses tribute, he will die.

Motif References:

Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
Z 174 Message or orders given symbolic action
M 500 (Bm) Threats
H 607 Discussion by symbols
J 1600 Practical retorts – miscellaneous

BaAlx-1372: Daryus is very angry when he reads Alexander’s letter. He sends a letter to Maryus and Zibottes, two of his dukes. He asks them to block Alexander’s way and wants them to take him captive.

Motif References:

BaAlx-1392: The two dukes object: Daryus acts unreasonably when he wants them to capture a man who has already conquered Jerusalem, Tiryus, Rome, Egypt and Carthage and many other castles that once belonged to Daryus.

Motif References:

P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
J 651 Inattention to danger

BaAlx-1409: When Daryus receives Maryus’ and Zibottes’ message, he gets infuriated and sends duke Menos with 20,000 men against Alexander. He lets the two dukes know that he will punish them in case they let Alexander cross the river. So, the two dukes call up 30,000 warriors.

Motif References:

P 551 Army

BaAlx-1423: Alexander and his army cross the river, Alexander is in the first row. Furious battle starts when they have reached the opposite bank. Many Greek warriors die before Alexander manages to participate in fighting: Riding on Bucival, he kills many men.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

BaAlx-1442: Duke Menos collects 1.000 warriors around him. Alexander breaks through them and destroys Menos’ ivory shield. Single combat between Alexander and Menos (first on horseback, then on foot with swords; swords emit fire-sparks).

Motif References:

P 550.2 (Li) Single combat

BaAlx-1464: When Menos knocks down Alexander, whose helmet breaks, Jubal, one of Menos’ warriors, perceiving the Greek king’s unprotected neck, lifts his sword to slay him. At that moment, Danklin, one of Alexander’s warriors, cleaves the attacker in two with his sword, thus saving Alexander’s life. He then encourages his king, who is very dizzy from the blow on his head, to return into battle.

Motif References:

F 628.2.10 Strong man cleaves horse and rider in two [kills horse and rider at one pole-blow]
N 852 Soldier [warrior] as helper

BaAlx-1500: [Alexander, lacuna] returns into battle. He fights like a boar, killing many enemies.

Motif References:

F 628.2 Strong man kills men

BaAlx-1514: In the meantime, the Persian duke Sinkun has taken Alexander’s banner. Alexander demands it back, Sinkun menaces him with death and wounds him. Alexander returns the blow, cutting off Sinkun’s head.

Motif References:

P 550 Military affairs

BaAlx-1541: When Menos approaches, Alexander gives him a blow on the arm, killing Menos. The Persians flee from battlefield.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]

BaAlx-1550: When Alexander’s wounds have healed, he continues his war against Daryus. Alexander burns down and plunders the castle of Gardix.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault

BaAlx-1562: When Daryus hears about the fall of the castle Gardix, he swears to have Alexander hanged on a tree and eaten by the birds within 14 days.

Motif References:

M 150 Other vows and oaths

BaAlx-1570: Daryus sends his messengers over land and sea to his princes, dukes and earls. He asks them for military aid and tells them to come to the field of Mosopotani in a fortnight. There, the army-review is going to take place: He has to check how many troops have arrived: One troop consists of 6,666 men. Daryus’ enormous army: 32 kings, 270 dukes, 70,000 warriors from Persia, 50,000 warriors are sent by the Kononenses, 40,000 by the Papili. 100,000 warriors come from Medendrich, 80,000 from Cilliczya, 20,000 from Ninive, 80,000 from Armenye.1000 strong giants come from the Gassern and the Pilisti. 20,000 warriors are from Frigia, 12,000 from India and a small troop of 1000 heroes from the Red Sea. The army consists of 630,000 warriors all together.

Motif References:

F 531.6.9 Giants as warriors (in army)
P 551 Army
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
F 873 Extraordinary army
F 873.2 Enormous army (camp)

BaAlx-1623: When Alexander hears about Daryus’ enormous army, he also summons his warriors.

Motif References:

BaAlx-1631: Daryus sends a carriage containing seeds to Alexander. He writes a letter explaining that Alexander will find counting them as impossible as counting his, Daryus’, army. When Alexander reads the letter, he eats many of the soft grains interpreting their good taste and softness as a symbol of the effortlessness with which he will defeat Daryus’ army. He writes a letter in return, announcing that he is now going to visit his sick mother, whose messenger has arrived meanwhile. He gives Daryus’ messenger a handful of peppercorns: Daryus shall eat them, if he can. The “sweetness” of the peppercorns symbolizes the sweetness of his, Alexander’s, army. When Daryus gets the message, he bites on the peppercorns. This makes him writhe and draw his nose.

Motif References:

Z 174 Message or orders given symbolic action
H 607 Discussion by symbols
J 1625 Armies like seeds and peppercorns

BaAlx-1695: On Alexander’s way to his mother, Omibya, one of Daryus’ dukes, blocks Alexander’s way in Arabia. The furious battle between the two armies lasts for three days. The heroes wade in blood up to their knees; some of them drown in the blood-streams. The Arabians flee.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

BaAlx-1715: Alexander proceeds, breaking many castles on his way.

Motif References:

BaAlx-1723: Alexander finally meets with his sick mother. When she sees him, she instantly gets well.

Motif References:

F 959 Marvelous cures – miscellaneous

BaAlx-1728: Alexander summons his armies to the sea. 1,020,000 warriors come. He turns again towards Persia. On the way he conquers some castles and countries.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 551 Army

BaAlx-1740: The town of Abtirus has to be passed by anyone on the way to Persia. It is subject to Daryus. The warriors there are prepared for defense. Alexander and his army throw “Greek fire” against the door and burn down a part of the town. Alexander promises to spare the town and the country, if they let him pass. If they refuse, he will come back after he will have defeated and captured Daryus and defeat them as well. They open the gate and let Alexander and his army pass.

Motif References:

M 200 Bargains and promises

BaAlx-1776: Alexander proceeds to Thobe and asks for4000 selected warriors for the war against Daryus. The Thebans refuse, but Alexander defeats them. Alexander has the gate broken open with iron bars. They kill men and women and burn them.

Motif References:

S 112.0.1 City burned with all inhabitants
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]

BaAlx-1816: Alexander continues his war of conquest. Corintya surrenders, then Athenas, where the most prudent people live. They have a council and subject themselves.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering
W 215 Extreme prudence [Providentness in financial matters]

BaAlx-1832: The Lacidones, who are very proud of their kingdom at the sea, their army and their former victory over King Erxses, have Alexander told that they think his campaign to beat Daryus is impudent. They block his way and want to fight against him. Men and women prepare the defense on the sea (want to fight from their ships).

Motif References:

BaAlx-1855: When Alexander watches their preparations, he has them told that he does not want to go over the sea – they had better defend their castle. He wants to avenge their victory over King Erxses. The castle is stormed. Alexander fights in the first row to motivate his warriors. He smashes shields and helmets and slays many men. When the night falls, the fighting is discontinued and taken up the next morning. Blood-streams flow.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

BaAlx-1894: When Alexander sees the harm that his army sustained, he orders to bring the “Greek Fire”. He burns the ships on the sea. Some of the warriors try to save themselves by swimming, but they burn nevertheless or are killed by the arrows.

Motif References:

F 882 Extraordinary fire
F 964.4 Blazing stick continues to burn even in water
D 1271 Magic fire

BaAlx-1909: The Lacidones ask the Macedons for peace; they would like to keep their city and their lives. Alexander agrees. He continues his way to Persia.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering

BaAlx-1921: When Daryus learns about this, he says that he wishes that Alexander would leave him and his country alone – he would never again require tribute from Greece. Daryus’ counselors remind him of his honor and say that Alexander will pay the tribute when he sees Daryus’ enormous army. Daryus’ brother Ocyator calls it a shame that Daryus’ fear of Alexander helped to increase his haughtiness. On the other hand, so Ocyator, Daryus could learn from Alexander and fight like him in the first row of the army to encourage the warriors.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
P 14.15.1 (Old, wise) Counsellors of court [King’s council]
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war

BaAlx-1974: Another counselor says that he once met Alexander at the court of his father, when he was there to collect the tribute. As a child, Alexander was more prudent than an old man was. Even then, he complained about the tribute his father had to pay to Daryus and wanted to free himself from the tribute when he gets to reign. Now Alexander has come to make this plan reality. Daryus should fight Alexander.

Motif References:

P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]
T 585 Precocious infant
T 615.3 Precocious wisdom [virtue]

BaAlx-1998: Alexander pitches his camp at the sea. From a bath in a river, he catches a fever. A physician named Pilipus cures Alexander. However, a count named Perminus writes a slanderous letter to Alexander in which he warns him against Pilipus’ deadly medicine: The physician has been promised Daryus’ sister as a wife and a high position in the Persian country in case he kills Alexander. Alexander reads the letter and asks Pilipus about it. The physician convinces Alexander of his innocence (it is rather Perminus who desires Alexander’s death). Alexander has Perminus’ tongue torn out as punishment for his lie.

Motif References:

Q 297 Slander punished
N 380 Other unlucky accidents
P 424 Physician
Q 451.4 Tongue cut off as punishment
K 2129 Slanders – miscellaneous
K 2247 Treacherous lord [vassal]

BaAlx-2048: Alexander’s army moves on to the river Euphrates, crossing Norniman and Andrya. Alexander has a bridge built. As no one dares to ride over, Alexander quickly gallops over it, and all the others follow him. Then, he destroys the bridge. He explains this: he has destroyed the bridge to deprive them of the possibility to return home – so, they will fight more bravely. He continues that their wives would laugh at them in case they flee.

Motif References:

J 755 All aspects of a plan must be foreseen

BaAlx-2078: Daryus gets afraid because of Alexander’s threatening words. His army moves to the river. The guards of the two kings eye each other attentively.

Motif References:

BaAlx-2090: Furious battle begins.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

BaAlx-2095: One of Daryus’ men, disguised as a Greek (wearing Greek arms), attacks Alexander from behind and wounds him through the helmet. Alexander’s men capture him.

Motif References:

K 2357.7.1 (Bm) Disguise as enemy to approach (and slay) enemy king

BaAlx-2108: Alexander asks the man about the reason for this deed. The man answers that Daryus promised to give him his beautiful daughter, if he brought him Alexander’s head. He says that in case he is doomed now, he regrets more the loss of the beautiful woman than losing his own life – he is not the first to risk his life for high-mindedness. His greatest happiness would be to see the woman once before his death.

Motif References:

T 68 Princess offered as prize
H 335.4.1 Suitor task: to bring enemy’s head

BaAlx-2138: Alexander releases the man and tells him to return to his army. He says that it augments a young man’s honor to bring such a message home; his property will be increased and the women will love him more than before.

Motif References:

W 11.5.2 Ruler pardons emissary [attacker] who has come to murder him

BaAlx-2154: Now Alexander fights even more furiously, like an angry bear that is attacked by dogs: He vents his anger on everything he gets hold of with his fangs. Alexander always fights in the first row. He slays horses, men, everything that comes near him. When the enemies see this, they flee to Werch. Alexander besieges the town.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
R 220 Flights
F 628.2 Strong man kills men

BaAlx-2166: The following morning, Alexander assaults the city. He quickly conquers it and makes booty. He takes Daryus’ children, also his mother and his wife captive.

Motif References:

R 5 Capture on field of battle

BaAlx-2180: One of Daryus’ lords proposes to Alexander to betray Daryus, who underpaid his services. Alexander turns down this offer and blames the man for his disloyalty. He tells him to go back and defend his master.

Motif References:

P 50.0.2 (Bm) Knight who acknowledges no overlord [Allegiance: loyalty and disloyalty of vassals]
K 2247 Treacherous lord [vassal]

BaAlx-2206: Daryus’ men write a letter to their king, telling him about the battle in Battra and the capture of his mother, his wife and his children. They ask him for support. Daryus writes a furious letter to Alexander, challenging him to fight. Alexander reads the letter. He does not fear Daryus’ threats. He tells his adversary that he saved his, Daryus’, mother because of the love for his own mother. This is also his motivation to serve the women.

Motif References:

P 13 Customs connected with kings

BaAlx-2244: Daryus sends a letter to king Porus of India to ask him for military aid against Alexander. Porus says that he will send military aid despite his illness.

Motif References:

P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)

BaAlx-2256: Alexander and his army proceed to Persia. To cheat the enemy about the size of his army, he has branches of trees cut off and has them tied to horses’ tails. So much dust is stirred up, that the Persians wonder where the dust comes from.

Motif References:

K 2351.6.2 (Bm) Branches tied to horses’ tails stir up dust which makes army seem larger and blinds opponents

BaAlx-2270: Alexander is a five-days journey off Daryus’ camp. Between them there is a heath land and a deep river. Alexander has council with his princes about whom he should send as messenger.

Motif References:

P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war

BaAlx-2287: During the night, Alexander dreams of his father. He tells his son that he will help him, as he is a powerful god. Alexander should follow his counsel and go himself as a messenger to Daryus. The following morning, Alexander tells his princes about the dream and they advise him to follow the counsel of the god.

Motif References:

D 1814.2 Advice from dream
D 1814.3 Advice from God (or the gods)

BaAlx-2314: Alexander leaves. He and his companion arrive at the river Strag. This river flows by day and freezes by night – this makes it easy to cross it. Alexander leaves Omnilius behind and continues his journey alone. He finally comes to the town where Daryus and his army are situated. People stare at him, as he looks like a god – Alexander passes himself off as Alexander’s messenger and wonders why Daryus keeps him waiting so long. Alexander is brought before Daryus; he says that Alexander cannot understand why Daryus does not come to the battle to avenge the shame that the Greeks bring upon him.

Motif References:

F 715 Extraordinary river
F 932.6.3 In dead of night waters of stream cease flowing [freeze] and stand perfectly still
K 1812.15 King disguised as own messenger

BaAlx-2346: Alexander challenges Daryus to battle. He tells him that he will get all the outstanding tribute on the battlefield: He and his warriors want to indemnify him with their sharp swords.

Motif References:

P 556 Challenge to battle

BaAlx-2359: Though Daryus is furious, he accommodates the messenger as guests, following Alexander’s example.

Motif References:

P 320 Hospitality

BaAlx-2370: Daryus takes Alexander by the hand and leads him to the table. He is seated opposite the king who watches if he is served properly. Daryus’ princes disapprove of their king’s treatment of the messenger. They esteem him little, wondering why a powerful man like Alexander has such an unimpressive messenger.

Motif References:

BaAlx-2390: Meanwhile, Alexander collects all the golden cups he has been drinking from in his lap. The cupbearer thinks he is a thief and reports it to Daryus. Daryus asks Alexander about this, who retorts that where he lives it is a custom that everybody takes the golden cups he has been drinking from. He willingly returns the cups, as it is not a custom here. With this tale of the generosity at his own court Alexander hopes to induce Daryus’ men to come to him. He takes leave to return to his army.

Motif References:

J 1399 Retorts concerning thefts – miscellaneous
K 2365.3 Enemy persuaded by show of great wealth and generosity of king to desert to his side. [Vassals deserting to enemy king]

BaAlx-2425: Alexander has to cross the river by swimming, as he gets there by midday. He rides to his army of 120,000 warriors and tells them that they cannot compare themselves to Daryus in number, as there is nobody on earth with such a big army like him. He encourages his warriors with an exemplary story: he once saw an army flee from two wasps.

Motif References:

J 280 Quality preferred to quantity

BaAlx-2452: In the meantime Daryus and his army cross the river Strag. In the early morning, the battle begins. Alexander is the first to fight. He rides on Bucival, the best horse ever. From both sides spears fly like snow. Both armies come to harm, and the battlefield is covered with slain warriors. The helmets are destroyed, armors are pierced, and warriors drown in the blood streams. Daryus deplores that he has ever demanded tribute from Greece. 200,000 of his warriors have died, not including those who drowned in the river Strag.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

BaAlx-2538: When Daryus sees the many dead men, he despairs. He is the first to flee, and the others follow him soon. Alexander pursues them and slays them like cattle.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
R 260 Pursuits
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]

BaAlx-2554: When it becomes known in Persia that the king has lost the battle, everyone mourns. Daryus returns to his palace. His people lament him. He says that the Greek has now taken his honor away. He sees his defeat because of his insolence; this is the way Fortuna works.

Motif References:

L 410.1 Proud king humbled

BaAlx-2575: Then Daryus writes a letter to Alexander. He admits his defeat, but reminds Alexander that the conqueror should act reasonably and generously. He asks him for lands and goods to live on till his death and for reunion with his family. His, Daryus’, vassals shall receive their fiefs from Alexander, but serve them both. In exchange for this, Daryus offers him the enormous [lacuna, presumably: treasures] of his ancestors which are hidden in the ground in Nia Minyanda, Gise and Madyan. Moreover, Daryus wants to give the rule over Meden and Persia and his other lands to Alexander. He wants to accept Alexander as his sovereign.

Motif References:

P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)

BaAlx-2630: Alexander reads the letter. One of his princes advises him to accept the conditions and to send back Daryus’ family. Alexander refuses, wondering how Daryus could offer him his possessions, as they already belong to him, Alexander. The messengers return to Daryus.

Motif References:

BaAlx-2648: Alexander has the dead buried and the wounded treated.

Motif References:

V 69.1 All dead are buried after battle

BaAlx-2651: Alexander stays there for a whole winter. He orders his men to burn down the palace of king Karbi, but he gives in to their requests not to destroy it.

Motif References:

BaAlx-2660: When Alexander’s men dig for the treasure, they find a crystal coffin. In there lies the corpse of Evilmero, a king of Babylon, as the inscription says.

Motif References:

N 534 Treasure discovered by accident
F 852.1 Glass coffin

BaAlx-2670: Alexander and his men find a dungeon where many mutilated and blinded captives are kept. Alexander frees them and sends them home with riches.

Motif References:

R 41.3 Captivity in dungeon
R 51.3 Prisoners mutilated
R 110 Rescue of captive

BaAlx-2680: Daryus sends a letter to king Porus of India to inform him about the great losses and his flight. He laments that he, Porus, has not come to help him against Alexander. He asks him again for help. [lacuna] He promises Porus Alexander’s horse Bucival and his precious equipment. Daryus will meet Porus at Caspis. Porus answers Daryus that he will come quickly with his warriors. He wants to capture Alexander.

Motif References:

P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)

BaAlx-2720: When Alexander hears about the intentions of Daryus and Porus, he moves to the town where Daryus is stationed and besieges it.

Motif References:

BaAlx-2732: In the meantime, two of Daryus’ subjects, Wisan and Arbasan, plan to kill their king. They approach Daryus in his palace and draw their swords. When Daryus realizes their intention, he says that they will atone for slaying him: Alexander will avenge his murder. While he speaks, the two traitors stab him and flee, leaving him wounded on the floor.

Motif References:

S 115 Murder by stabbing
K 914 Murder from ambush
K 2247 Treacherous lord [vassal]

BaAlx-2756: When this news becomes known in town, the inhabitants open the gates to Alexander under the condition that he grants peace. Alexander hurries at his adversary’s deathbed and laments him. He says that he would make peace with him and never threaten him again if he only lived. He says that he wants to avenge Daryus or never to return home.

Motif References:

W 11.5 Generosity toward enemy
M 150 Other vows and oaths

BaAlx-2786: Alexander lays Daryus in his lap, Daryus kisses his hand. He laments that he was once a mighty king and now has been attacked by his own people. He warns Alexander against the same fate. He also asks his former adversary to unite Greeks and Persians and to be good towards his, Daryus’, mother and wife. Moreover, Alexander should take his daughter as a wife. Daryus dies in Alexander’s lap – they are reconciled.

Motif References:

P 16.0.1 (Bm) Regicide
T 68.4 Vanquished king gives hero his daughter and control over his kingdom
P 310.5 Defeated enemy turns true friend

BaAlx-2814: Alexander laments Daryus’ death. [He himself, lacuna] helps to carry him to his grave.

Motif References:

W 11.5 Generosity toward enemy
P 12.9.1 (Bm) King mourns dead enemy

BaAlx-2823: Alexander announces Public Peace. He invests the counts and dukes with the lands and gives back everything to its owners.

Motif References:

P 19 Other motifs connected with kings

BaAlx-2832: Then Alexander announces that he will give a large reward to those who were involved in Daryus’ murder – he swears by his mother’s sake that he wants to divide his empire with them. The murderers of Daryus confess their deed. Alexander has them tortured and leads them to Daryus’ grave: He says that he will give them as much earth and country as they need: he has them buried alive.

Motif References:

M 202 Fulfulling of bargain or promise
Q 456 Burial alive as punishment
J 1141.1 Guilty person deceived into gesture (act) which admits guilt
J 1440 Repartee – miscellaneous
K 2010.2 Friendship feigned to avenge murder
K 2380 (Hi) Detection of treachery or deceit

BaAlx-2869: Alexander woos Daryus’ daughter, Roxane. Alexander writes a letter to invite his mother and friends to his wedding and to make it public. The feast lasts for more than 30 days.

Motif References:

T 68.4 Vanquished king gives hero his daughter and control over his kingdom
T 136.1 Wedding feast

BaAlx-2891: When the wedding is over, Alexander receives a letter that informs him about the approach of Porus and an army. Alexander and his warriors turn towards Porus in the direction of India, crossing a desert land. They suffer much, from the sun by day, the serpents by night. Alexander’s men are not willing to endure this any longer; they want to return to their wives and children. They wonder about Alexander’s intentions – they have achieved the aim to defeat Daryus, as they have promised; now they are exhausted.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 551 Army

BaAlx-2929: Alexander climbs a hill, collects his men (Persians, Greeks, and Macedonians) around him and speaks to them. He warns them that the Persians could probably take advantage of the weak position of the army. He points out that they could not boast about their deeds at home, as it was him, Alexander, who decided the battles and who fought in the first row; he never retreated nor fled. Now it seems that he lost their friendship without any fault of his, but he is sure to get support elsewhere.

Motif References:

P 12.5 Good king never retreats in battle
P 14 Particular practices of kings
W 32 Bravery

BaAlx-2967: When Alexander has finished his speech, his men blush from shame. They swear that they will fight with him.

Motif References:

M 166 Other vows about fighting

BaAlx-2978: Happily they advance towards India. A messenger comes with letters from Porus. They announce Porus’ desire to fight the robber Alexander. Porus also mentions Dyonisius, who once came into this land with an immense army and was defeated – he will do the same to Alexander. Everyone knows that the Macedons once had to pay tribute to India until the birth of Hercules. Porus counsels Alexander to retreat.

Motif References:

P 550 Military affairs

BaAlx-3011: Alexander reads the letter and feels it to be insulting. He calls his men to arms and sits down. He writes a letter to Porus. He blames him for his insulting words and says it would be dishonorable for a noble man to be so sneering and bark like a dog. When Porus receives this letter, he instantly summons his army to the battlefield.

Motif References:

BaAlx-3029: In the army of Porus there are black moors. They have elephants as war-animals: each two of them carry a tower on their backs that hold 40 or more men. The elephants are very aggressive and attack people with their hard snouts.

Motif References:

B 16.2.6 Devastating elephant
B 557.11.4 (Bm) Soldiers fight from “castles” on elephant’s backs

BaAlx-3041: Alexander works out a ruse against the elephants. He puts red-hot metal statues on iron carriages. When the elephants attempt to attack them, they burn their snouts; they flee or die when falling on the statues.

Motif References:

K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

BaAlx-3053: Battle between Indians and Greeks: Both, Alexander as well as Porus encourage their warriors. The Indians fight ferociously, and the Greeks would have lost if they had not had the defense against the elephants and Alexander fighting in the first row. The battle lasts for 20 days. Many Greeks die.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

BaAlx-3129: When Alexander realizes the losses of his army, he challenges Porus to single combat, arguing that it is a shame to let the two armies fight until they are both annihilated. Both armies should be subjected to the winner in the single combat. The one who breaks the peace shall be punished severely. Porus accepts and vows on these conditions.

Motif References:

M 166 Other vows about fighting
P 556.0.1 (Bm) Challenge to single combat [feud]

BaAlx-3162: Both armies stop fighting; ten men come near. Single combat begins: The kings fight furiously. As the odds seem to be on Porus’ side, Alexander’s men despair. This distracts Porus’ attention, and Alexander kills him.

Motif References:

P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

BaAlx-3203: When the warriors of Porus realize that their king is dead, they do not despair, but fight more ferociously (thus breaking the truce). Blood flows on battlefield, many die on both sides (corpses cover the earth). Alexander fights furiously.

Motif References:

BaAlx-3227: Alexander finally is victorious. The Indians agree to the peace under the condition that Alexander spares their wives and children. Therefore, they become his subjects.

Motif References:

P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)

BaAlx-3235: Alexander gives them the permission to bury Porus and the other dead on the battlefield. The wounded warriors are transported to their homeland.

Motif References:

V 69.1 All dead are buried after battle

BaAlx-3243: When the wounds have healed, Alexander continues his journey. He comes to a land called Ocridadis. Its inhabitants are very poor, they do not have any property and they go all naked. They use bones of goats as weapons. They do not have a fixed residence, but go to sleep where the night falls on them. Their wives live separated from the men on a heath land.

Motif References:

F 112.0.2 Separation of sexes in otherworld
F 129.7 Journey to land of naked people
F 562 People of unusual residence
F 566.2 Land where women live separate from men
F 568 Naked tribe
F 709.1 Country of the naked
F 839.1 Gnawed bone as weapon

BaAlx-3262: When the king of this land gets the news of Alexander’s arrival, he sends him a messenger. He writes him also a letter to ask Alexander about his intentions, as there is nothing to rob or to fight for in his country. Alexander reads the letter and has the king delivered that he comes in peace. So he is welcomed warmly by the inhabitants.

Motif References:

BaAlx-3290: Alexander enquires about their way of living and burial customs. They answer that they take care of their cattle and do not bury their dead.

Motif References:

V 61 Various ways of disposing of dead
F 569 Unusual manner of life – miscellaneous

BaAlx-3305: Alexander grants them a wish. They wish for eternal life. Alexander retorts that he himself is mortal – how could he fulfill this request? Thereupon one of them asks him what sense there is in Alexander’s worldly achievements, if he has to die. This makes Alexander furious.

Motif References:

J 1262 Repartee based on doctrinal discussions

BaAlx-3330: Alexander has his further journeys (to the world’s end) written down in a letter to his mother and to his teacher Aristotiles (Aristotle). First, he gives an account of his past deeds: After he has defeated Daryus, he advanced with his warriors to the Caspian Gates. They came to a river that they had to cross to reach the town Barbras, but as there were crocodiles in the river, they killed 40 of his warriors.

Motif References:

B 16.5.2 Devastating crocodile

BaAlx-3367: Then, they pitched their camp at the banks of the river, kindling a fire. But they were not allowed a moment of recreation, as many awful animals and reptiles attacked them. They had to fight them the whole night. Finally, there came people resembling devils with faces like monkeys. They had six hands and long teeth. They were killed.

Motif References:

B 16 Devastating animals
F 511.1.3.1 Person with face of ape [monkey]
F 513.1 Person unusual as to his teeth
F 516.2 People with many arms

BaAlx-3391: In order to save themselves from these animals, the men burn the forest. This makes another monster emerge from the woods: It has antlers and kills 36 men with its horns and tramples 50 to death.

Motif References:

B 16.2.7 Destructive deer

BaAlx-3402: The following night there come foxes that are so strong that they eat horses and men.

Motif References:

B 16.2.1 Devastating fox

BaAlx-3406: Swallows the size of pigeons with human teeth fly above them. They bite off the noses and ears of the warriors. So, they move on to the plain Aczya, where they have a little rest.

Motif References:

B 15 Animals with unusual limbs or members
B 16.3 Devastating birds
B 720 Fanciful bodily members of animals

BaAlx-3417: Soon they enter a beautiful forest. The high trees produce food to nourish the inhabitants, who are remarkably tall and try to chase them away with their poles. Alexander’s army manages to chase them away by roaring loudly – they flee, as they have never heard a human voice before. 34 of the 600 are killed, and 80 of Alexander’s men.

Motif References:

F 531.5 Giants and men
F 531.4.5.2 Giant with iron bar as weapon
F 531.6.2.7 Giants in wild forests
F 811.5 Food-producing trees
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

BaAlx-3445: They pitch their camp on a large field. There are trees that grow until midday. Afterwards, they sink back into the ground. These trees grow fruit, and Alexander orders his servants to bring him some. When they try to do so, an invisible guard beats and whips them. Then, they hear a voice that forbids them to touch the fruit and threatens them with harm and death.

Motif References:

C 510 Tabu: touching tree (plant)
D 621 Daily transformation
F 811.12 Trees grow and “ungrow” each day
D 950 Magic tree
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)
D 1401 Magic object cudgels person

BaAlx-3472: They also see small birds. Anyone who does them any harm gets burned by fire from heaven.

Motif References:

Q 552.13 Fire from heaven as punishment
C 841.2 Tabu: hunting [killing] birds
C 927 Burning as punishment for breaking tabu

BaAlx-3475: Alexander also tells of the bird Venix (Phoenix); it sits on a tree carrying much fruit and many leaves. Its head shines like the sun.

Motif References:

B 32 Phoenix
B 720 Fanciful bodily members of animals

BaAlx-3483: They arrive at a wonderful castle out of which emerges a tall man whose skin is covered with pig-bristles. Alexander’s men do not succeed in capturing him, so Alexander sends him a virgin. The monster grips her and abducts her into a forest, where Alexander’s men finally get hold of him. When they wrench the girl from him, he roars with a terrible voice.

Motif References:

R 11.1.1 Abduction of girl by half bestial man
Q 213 Abduction punished
F 521.1 Man covered with hair like animal

BaAlx-3505: Then they come to a high mountain on the top of which a marvelous castle made of precious jewels sits. A beautiful brook flows below the castle. To enter the castle, one has to hold on to the gold chains hanging from the castle’s walls. In addition2000 stairs made of sapphire and emerald lead up the mountain to the castle. Alexander mounts the steps; everything is made of jewels.

Motif References:

F 771.1.5 Palace of jewels
F 789 Extraordinary buildings and furnishings – miscellaneous

BaAlx-3528: Then, he enters a temple the doors of which open automatically. Inside, a bed is encircled by tendrils of vine. Lying on the bed, Alexander perceives a remarkably handsome old man dressed in white garments. He is fast asleep. Alexander does not wake him, but retreats from the castle and joins his men.

Motif References:

N 573 Sleeping old king (in mountain) as guardian of treasure
F 575.2 Handsome man
F 773 Remarkable church (chapel, temple)
F 782 Extraordinary doors and windows
F 787 Extraordinary bed
D 1146 Magic door (gate)
D 1601.37 Self-opening door

BaAlx-3544: After three days, Alexander and his army come to Brasyacus. The king of this land sends him gifts; the inhabitants bring him fish-hides that are spotted like a leopard and hides of lampreys that are six fathoms long.

Motif References:

P 13 Customs connected with kings
P 324 Host greets guest with gifts [Welcome and parting gifts]
B 731 Fanciful color of animal
B 874 Giant fish

BaAlx-3561: Then Alexander and his men continue their journey to the world’s end. There, they hear human voices speaking Greek. Forty of Alexander’s men jump into the sea to find out where the voices come from, but they are attacked and killed by sea-beasts.

Motif References:

B 17.2.1 Hostile sea-beasts
F 110 Journey to terrestrial otherworlds
F 931.11 Speaking sea
H 1371.1 Quest for world’s end

BaAlx-3577: In this region, there is a rich and marvelous castle, Moros. Rocks surround it. The inhabitants of this country are very brave; they are the subjects of the widowed queen Candatis. She is mother of two sons. Alexander pitches camp near this place. To pay his honor to the queen, he sends her a painting of his god Demon. He asks her to meet him on the mountain to deliberate about sacrificing to his gods.

Motif References:

V 120 Images
F 771.3.1 Castle at world’s end

BaAlx-3604: Candatis’ messenger returns with many presents from the queen: 100 golden statues of gods, 150 infant moors with golden earrings, 100 gold cups, 90 elephants, more than 60 panthers and 100 leopards, 500 little birds (parakeets and spengelin). She sends also gifts for the god Amon: a golden crown and an animal that carries a carbuncle. Only a virgin is able to catch the Menoceros [unicorn].

Motif References:

B 13 Unicorn
B 13.1 (Li) Unicorn captured by virgin.
V 127 Image of deity in wood (stone) [metal]
P 324 Host greets guest with gifts [Welcome and parting gifts]
F 828 Extraordinary crown

BaAlx-3629: Finally, the queen sends a painter. This is a ruse: he is supposed to secretly paint Alexander’s portrait to make his appearance known to Candatis.

Motif References:

P 482 Painter (artist)
K 2370 Miscellaneous deceptions

BaAlx-3637: Candalus, Candatis’ elder son, is seized by Alexander’s guards when he wants to approach the king. He is brought to Polomeus. Candalus reveals his identity and asks for Alexander’s help, as his wife has been abducted by a king.

Motif References:

R 10.1 Princess (maiden) abducted

BaAlx-3664: Polomeus reports Candalus’ story to Alexander. The king gives him his crown and tells him to pass himself off for Alexander. Then, he shall introduce Alexander under the name of Achmus to Candalus and give him the orders to bring back Candalus’ wife. Polomeus carries out these orders: He acts as if he was the king, sends for “Achmus” and introduces him as a helper.

Motif References:

K 1810.1.3 Taking king’s place by changing dresses
K 1812 King in disguise
K 1831.0.1 Disguise by changing name

BaAlx-3703: They leave. Alexander/Achmus himself carries the standard. Candalus leads them to the fortress Bala, where his wife is held captive. When they approach, the inhabitants instantly close the gates and have council: As their own king has left on warfare, they are not well protected; they fear also, that it is Porus attacking them in order to free the abducted queen, as she is related to him. They enquire about their attackers’ intentions; when they learn that they have come for the abducted queen, they instantly let her go, as they fear the threats of destruction.

Motif References:

R 41.1 Captivity in castle
R 111.2 Princess rescued from place of captivity
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
N 838 Hero (culture hero) as helper
H 1385.3 Quest for vanished wife (mistress)

BaAlx-3750: Alexander/Achmus sends a message to Polomeus informing him that he will accompany Candalus to Candatis’ court in order to be honored. During the journey, Alexander sees the highest mountains he has ever seen. He sees grapes so enormous that one man could not carry them and nuts as big as pumpkins.

Motif References:

F 759 Extraordinary mountains and valleys – miscellaneous
F 813.2.2 Gigantic grapes
F 813.3.2 Gigantic nut

BaAlx-3773: After three days, they reach the castle of Candatis, Candalus’ mother. She comes to meet her son. On her enquiries concerning the stranger, Candalus introduces Alexander as Achmus, the rescuer of his wife, and praises his courage and virtue.

Motif References:

BaAlx-3795: Candatis greets Alexander/Achmus with a kiss and leads him into her beautiful palace. The floor is covered with gold. Then, she guides him to another palace where she has her meals. 500 maids and 500 dwarfs serve her.

Motif References:

F 451.5.1.7 Dwarfs serve mortals
F 771.1.1.1 Castle paved with gold and gems

BaAlx-3811: The following morning, Candatis shows Alexander around the castle. One of the rooms is erected on wheels and drawn around by 36 strong monkeys.

Motif References:

F 781 Extraordinary rooms

BaAlx-3828: When Alexander / Achmus utters his wish to have this room at home in Greece, Candatis calls him by his real name, Alexander. When he realizes that he is discovered, he is afraid and furious at himself. To make clear to him how she knew about his identity, she shows him the picture she had made of him. After all his military achievements, he has now fallen into a woman’s power without fighting. He should bear in mind that striving too high is dangerous, luck is fickle.

Motif References:

P 20.1 Clever queen
H 21 Recognition through picture
L 419 Proud ruler (deity) humbled – miscellaneous
K 778 Capture through the wiles of a woman

BaAlx-3867: Candatis assures him that he is safe, as he rescued Candalus’ wife, but should not be recognized, as her younger son Karater still is angry about Alexander killing Porus, who was his father-in-law.

Motif References:

BaAlx-3888: Then, the queen leads Alexander to her sleeping chamber. Her bed emanates a sweet odor. She sleeps with Alexander. Then, she tells him that nothing can happen to him now. She asks him to come back to her soon; he promises.

Motif References:

T 55 Girl as wooer. Forthputting woman
F 787 Extraordinary bed

BaAlx-3901: They join her sons, but when she tells them to give a reward to Alexander/Achmus, Alexander’s messenger, Karater answers that he cannot forget that Alexander killed his father-in-law. Candalus argues that he will defend Achmus, as he has rescued his wife. Candalus and Karater prepare to fight. On Candatis’ request to demonstrate his wisdom, Alexander finds a ruse to prevent them from doing so: He tells them that there is no use fighting over a delegate. He offers to surrender Alexander to them if they let him live. Also the queen assures her sons of Alexander’s/Achmus’ innocence and tells them that it would only bring shame to them if it got known that they killed a guest.

Motif References:

P 251.5.3 Hostile [half-] brothers
J 829 Dealing with the great – miscellaneous

BaAlx-3960: So, the enmity between them changes to friendship. Alexander/Achmus is rewarded with gold and a precious unpierceable gorget. He also gets a beautiful cloak, and the queen herself puts a crown made of steel, studded with diamonds, on his head.

Motif References:

F 824 Extraordinary [part of] armor
F 828 Extraordinary crown
D 1101 Magic [part of] armor
D 1381.10 Magic [part of] armor protects from attack

BaAlx-3984: Then the queen takes him by the hand. Alexander takes leave and returns to his army.

Motif References:

BaAlx-3991: They travel on to the country of maidens. The queen Amasya and her maidens attack them. Alexander writes a letter to the queen. He tells her that he does not have warlike intention, but demands tribute from them. The queen assumes towards Alexander’s messenger that fighting against them would be shameful for him in case they defeated him. She sends him 3000 warlike maidens in silk dresses. One of them announces to him that the queen has sent presents, very fine linen, jewels and gold. In the letter, Alexander reads how the Amazons defended themselves against other conquerors. No one dared to attack them since their former queen Cassandra killed Ziryus. Alexander assures the Amazons that he has only come out of curiosity. He leaves together with his warriors.

Motif References:

F 112 Journey to land of women
P 324 Host greets guest with gifts [Welcome and parting gifts]
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 565.1 Amazons. Women warriors
F 565.1.2.1 (Bm) Amazons go to men’s island three months a year to procreate
J 623 Prevention of hostility by inspiring fear in enemy

BaAlx-4082: They travel through many other countries and have many other adventures. Alexander writes a second letter to his mother Ollipya and to his teacher Aristotiles about the victory over Porus, and about the other battles he fought. Aristotiles writes him back.

Motif References:

BaAlx-4108: Alexander learns about two tribes in Paran who do much harm to the world: they kill many men, women and children. They are called Og and Magog. Alexander drives them back into the mountains near Pigine, near the sea: There, he drives them together in a narrow valley and encloses them by building a wall.

Motif References:

R 49 Other places of captivity
F 510.1 Monstrous races

BaAlx-4131: Alexander and his men continue their journey. They come to a river which comes from paradise. Alexander wants to go there, despite the warnings. The Greeks get food-provisions for five years and embark.

Motif References:

F 11 Journey to heaven (upper-world paradise)
F 159 Other means to reach the otherworld
F 162.2.1 The four rivers of paradise
H 1260 Quest to the upper world [paradise]

BaAlx-4154: Arriving there, they see an old man sitting by the window. When they ask him about his whereabouts, he tells them that he is not allowed to tell them by order of his master who created the paradise. Alexander now is eager to conquer the paradise and sends a messenger requiring tribute from the ruler. At the gate to paradise sits a very old man. Alexander’s messenger tells him that he is sent by Alexander and demands tribute.

Motif References:

F 156 Door to otherworld
A 661.0.1 Gate of heaven

BaAlx-4189: The old man retorts that Alexander may be very mighty, but God is still mightier. To demonstrate this, he gives the man a stone. Alexander shall put it on one scale, and any other substance onto the other: the stone will outweigh anything. The stone resembles a human eye. The men return to Alexander and deliver the message and the stone. He has a pair of scales brought. He tries with gold, silver, wood, iron and lead: the stone is heavier than any of those. The messenger who brought the stone gives Alexander further information he got from the old man. The stone can be outweighed by a feather when it is covered with earth; this signifies death, mortality of mankind. Alexander tries this experiment, and it proves right. Alexander realizes that his power is not worth much for the lord of the paradise.

Motif References:

Z 100 Symbolism
H 614 Explanation of enigmatic phenomenon
F 809 Other extraordinary stones
D 931 Magic rock (stone)
D 1682 Magic jewel which outweighs many heavy objects in the scale

BaAlx-4247: Alexander has a mistress who accompanies him everywhere. One day, he asks her if she will stay faithful to him. She answers that she would die for him. So he tests her: As he wants to explore the bottom of the sea, he has a glass barrel made. He gives her the chain attached to the diving-bell to take care of it. He enters the diving-bell with a dog, a cat and a cock and stays under the sea for three days. Meanwhile, a man seduces his mistress who throws her end of the chain into the water. When Alexander realizes this, he kills the cat. The sea spits him out at the shore.

Motif References:

P 15.6 King descends to bottom of sea in glass barrel to study ways of fishes [ascends to the sky by griffins]
T 99 Love – additional motifs
F 133.0.1 (Bm) Journey to bottom of sea
F 931 Extraordinary occurrence connected with sea
F 1022.1 Descent into ocean in glass box
H 1371.2 Quest for the bottom of the sea
H 1556.4 Fidelity in love tested
D 2151.1 Magic control of seas

BaAlx-4281: Alexander then wants to explore the sky. He has two griffins taken from a nest. They are reared to fly. Between them, he has a chair and two poles fixed. Two pieces of carcass are attached to these poles. Alexander sits down on the chair and has himself carried up in the sky. A voice from the air speaks to him, asking if he has the intention to act against God, telling him to return to earth. Alexander looks below, uttering that he only sees a hide – the voice tells him that this is the earth. He follows this order and returns, but he lands in a distance of 150 miles from his army; his journey back takes one year.

Motif References:

P 15.6 King descends to bottom of sea in glass barrel to study ways of fishes [ascends to the sky by griffins]
B 42 Griffin
F 60 Transportation to or from upper world
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)
H 1371.5 (Hi) Quest for the sky

BaAlx-4313: Alexander and 12 of his men come to a tree which belongs to the sun. A voice speaking from the tree tells him that he will not return home. Another tree, belonging to the moon, prophesies that Alexander will be poisoned by his chamberlain. The deep sigh he utters astonishes his men. They ask why he is unhappy when all the world is his subject. He retorts that he fears he might have overlooked some country. They return to Babylon.

Motif References:

M 301 Prophets
M 341.2.8 Prophecy: Death by poison
M 369 Miscellaneous prophecies
F 811 Extraordinary tree
D 1610.2 Magic speaking tree
D 1812.3.4 (Bm) Future revealed by speaking tree

BaAlx-4346: At the time Alexander is in Babylon, a woman gives birth to a child that is human from head to navel, but animal below the navel. The upper, human half is dead; the lower, animal half is alive. When Alexander sees the child, he sends for his wise man. That one tells him that the monster is a sign of his forthcoming death: The dead human half signifies a short life, the living animal half the kings that are to succeed Alexander after his death; they can not be compared to Alexander’s glory.

Motif References:

F 526 Person with compound body
T 551.5 Child born half man, half fish [animal]
D 1812.5.1.1 Prodigy as evil omen

BaAlx-4390: At the same time, a Macedonian named Ancipiter has set his mind on killing Alexander. Ollipya tells Alexander about these intentions. Ancipiter gets poison from a doctor and prepares a potion: as it is too strong for glass and wood, it has to be stored in an iron vessel. He sends his son Casander with it to Jubal, his other son, with the message to give it Alexander to drink. Jubal is in fact one of Alexander’s closest confidents. But once he falls in Alexander’s disgrace, and so he avenges himself by mixing the wine with the poison during a meal. Alexander sighs again, again using the excuse of the countries he might not know. He swallows the poisoned wine, instantly falls to earth. He is blind, gets up again, telling his retainers to continue their meal – but they stand up, shaken with grief. He retreats to his rooms. Jubal has also foreseen the possibility that Alexander might want to rid himself of the deadly poison by putting a feather down his throat: When Alexander asks for a feather, he brings him one that is also poisoned. So he gets worse.

Motif References:

S 111 Murder by poisoning
M 391 Fulfillment of prophecy
K 929.1 Murder by (leaving) poisoned wine
K 2248 Treacherous minister

BaAlx-4481: Alexander orders to have a bed put up at the banks of the river Euphrates. Only his wife Roxane stays with him. He wants to drown himself by night, but his wife prevents him, as suicide only brings suffering. She tells him to make his last will and testament.

Motif References:

BaAlx-4529: Alexander sends Jubal for Simeon, the scribe, and has him write a letter to Aristotiles in which he defines his last will: The high priest of Egypt shall get1000 pounds, Alexander himself wants to be buried there; he asks Aristotiles to accept Ptolomeus as pfleger (keeper). In case his wife, Roxane, gives birth to a boy, he shall succeed him as king, in case it is a girl, the Macedonians shall be her subjects and marry her to a man they find suitable as their king. Arideus, Alexander’s brother, shall rule over the Peloponnese, Pelageneses and Cappadocians shall belong to Simeon, the scribe. The Nichpotter are free to choose a king of their own will. [lacuna] Jubal and Casander are supposed to share between them the land stretching from Gallicye to the sea, Gallicye itself shall belong to Ancipiter, their father. He also distributes his other countries among his friends and relatives. Finally, Ptolomeus shall marry Cleopatra, his, Alexander’s former mistress, and rule over Satropas, Ciryones up to Battramin.

Motif References:

P 16.0.1 (Bm) Regicide

BaAlx-4593: When this is accomplished, the earth quakes, thunder and lightning strike. As the Macedonians learn about Alexander’s death, they require of the nobles, menacing them with death, to see their king. Alexander gives orders to place him on an elevated seat, so that everyone sees that he is alive. He tells them that they may choose a lord to rule them. They decide for Pertica. Alexander then entrusts his wife to Pertica. He kisses the Macedonians.

Motif References:

P 17 Succession to the throne
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
F 960.2.5 Earthquake at death of important person
F 960.2 Extraordinary nature phenomena at death of holy [pious] person (hero)
F 968 Extraordinary thunder and lightning
F 969.4 Extraordinary earthquake

BaAlx-4651: A Macedonian, Spellyus by name, makes an irreverent remark mentioning the peaceful times under king Philip [lacuna]. Alexander slaps him. He is very sad, as all his achievements are vain.

Motif References:

BaAlx-4673: Alexander sends a golden chair and all his garments to the temple of Apollo, as it is the royal custom, gives all of his goods to the temples. He asks his brother, Arideus, to have a tomb erected for him in the town of Alexandria, and gives him 1.000 pounds. After his death, he is transported to Alexandria to be buried there.

Motif References:

V 69 Funeral rites – miscellaneous

BaAlx-4697: Description of Alexander’s appearance: he was of average size, neither too tall nor too short; his eyes were different in color, his face pleasant. He was of extraordinary strength. He was very wise, but senseless when succumbing to wine and fury. He was 33 years at the time of his death. From his 18th year to his 25th, he fought in numerous wars; afterwards he lived peacefully in his country till his death. He built the town of Alexandria. In his 17th year, he ruled over all heathens. He was born on the sixth day of January and died on the fourth of April. God shall give us the strength to strive after the good. This is the end of the book.

Motif References:

P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
F 512 Person unusual as to his eyes
F 610 Remarkably strong man

Romances of Antiquity

Der Basler Alexander (1150/60) Die Basler Bearbeitung von Lambrechts Alexander. Ed. by R.M. Werner. (= Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart 154) Tübingen 1881.

Der Basler Alexander (1150/60)
Die Basler Bearbeitung von Lambrechts Alexander. Ed. by R.M. Werner. (= Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart 154) Tübingen 1881.