GrAlx-1: Since the days of Abraham there were four mighty empires: Egypt, the oldest; Assyria; the Greek empire, recently conquered by the pagan Turks, and finally the Roman Empire, which had once ruled the whole world. Although this empire now has declined, the scriptures say that its traditions will remain until the end of days.

Motif References:

GrAlx-48: This book is about Alexander who conquered the whole world in twelve years. The Jewish people were oppressed in the first Empire by the Pharaoh, whose army perished when Moses divided the sea; the king of Assyria enclosed ten of the twelve Jewish tribes within the mountains of Gog and Magog, where they will remain forever according to the scriptures. The tribes of Benjamin and Juda were enslaved in Babylon, until the Persian king freed them; before king Darius’ death, they had to pay tribute to Persia. By defeating Darius, Alexander became the mightiest in the world.

Motif References:

P 12.10 King is superior to all in strength, beauty, largeness etc
R 49 Other places of captivity

GrAlx-91: Egypt is widely known for its tradition of astronomy; the king, Neptanabus, is also a magician and astrologer. When the Persian king, Archaxerses, invades Egypt, Neptanabus flees secretly.

Motif References:

J 192.2 Wisdom from Egypt
R 220 Flights
D 1711 Magician

GrAlx-114: The people of Egypt, uncertain about Neptanabus’ whereabouts, ask their god Serapis, who responds that they will soon see their king rejuvenated, and that they should erect a pillar with Serapis’ name to honor their king.

Motif References:

M 306 Enigmatical prophecy.

GrAlx-127: Neptanabus comes to king Philippus of Macedonia, whose kingdom is attacked by a neighbor king; in a furious battle, where the grass is reddened by the bloodshed, a terrible dragon comes to Philippus’ aid and vanishes after battle. Philippus is victorious and wins his opponent’s kingdom.

Motif References:

B 11.6 Deeds of dragons
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

GrAlx-163: While Philippus is away, Neptanabus approaches queen Olimpiadis, telling her the god Amon had chosen her to be his lover. He transforms himself into a dragon and has intercourse with her, prophesying her great honor from the conceived child.

Motif References:

D 199.2 Transformation: man to dragon
M 311 Prophecy: future greatness of unborn child
T 513.1.1 Impregnation by magician’s power
D 658 Transformation to seduce
K 1315.1 Seduction by posing as a god

GrAlx-191: After some time Olimpiadis calls for Neptanabus to counsel her: Philippus returns and she needs to explain her pregnancy. Neptanabus tells her that the god Amon had sent Philippus a dream, showing him the events at home; the aid of the dragon in battle was proof for the god’s intervention. Philippus returns and affirms Neptanabus’ words.

Motif References:

D 1731.2.3 (Bm) Dream of visit by god

GrAlx-223: During a meal, a terrible dragon enters the hall, approaches queen Olimpiadis, kisses her and vanishes. Philippus recognizes the dragon that helped him in battle.

Motif References:

B 11.6 Deeds of dragons

GrAlx-239: One day, Philippus sees a strange bird laying an egg; out of the egg a serpent hatches, but dies moments later. Terrified, the king has his wise men interpret the omen: they tell him that it means that his son will conquer the world, but die at a young age.

Motif References:

H 614 Explanation of enigmatic phenomenon
B 718 (Bm) Adder creeps out of egg, dies before it can crawl back in
F 989 Extraordinary occurrences concerning animals – miscellaneous
D 1812.5.2.2 Meeting certain person (animal) a good omen

GrAlx-264: When the time comes, Olimpiadis gives birth to her son; at the time of his birth there are earthquakes, thunder and lightning.

Motif References:

Z 292 Death [birth] of hero [heroine]
F 960.1.1 Extraordinary nature phenomena at birth of royalty
F 960.1.1.1 Thunder report at birth of king
F 968 Extraordinary thunder and lightning
F 969.4 Extraordinary earthquake

GrAlx-272: Philippus is terrified of the omens at Alexander’s birth; he proposes to have the child killed, since it is not his own. Olimpiades reminds him that her child is the god Amon’s son; killing him would be dishonorable. The boy is named Alexander.

Motif References:

S 11.4.4 Cruel father seeks to kill infant son

GrAlx-284: At the age of six, Alexander surpasses even older children in intelligence and strength; nobody in all the kingdoms is his equal. His teacher is Aristotiles, and Alexander masters everything he is taught. Barely 20 years old, is he a knightly hero unequalled in Greece.

Motif References:

P 12.10 King is superior to all in strength, beauty, largeness etc
J 146.2 (Li) The educated youth
J 152 Wisdom (knowledge) from sage (teacher)
T 585 Precocious infant

GrAlx-299: Olimpiadis overhears Philip deploring that Alexander does not resemble him in the least. She asks Neptanabus about the meaning of this statement, and the magician tells her to stay calm.

Motif References:

GrAlx-315: Alexander asks Neptanabus to consult the stars, because he wants to know about his end. They go to a field at night, and Neptanabus divines that he himself will die shortly, by the hands of Alexander, who, as he reveals, is his own son. Enraged at the apparent deception of his mother by Neptanabus, Alexander kills him. Thus, the astrologer’s art led to his own doom.

Motif References:

M 302.4.2 (Bm) Future read in stars
M 343 Parricide prophecy
M 391 Fulfillment of prophecy
Q 581.0.1 Loss of life as result of one’s own treachery
D 1311.6.4 Divination by stars
D 1712.0.1 Astrologer-magician
D 1812.0.1.2 Foreknowledge of means of death

GrAlx-347: The king of Capadocia sends Philippus the horse Bücifalus as a gift; in the hindquarters it is built like an ox, and its snout is fearsome. No one is able to mount and tame it, for fear of their lives.

Motif References:

B 15 Animals with unusual limbs or members
B 16.1.3 Devastating horse

GrAlx-357: Seeing Alexander tame Bücifalus, Philippus is very proud and appoints him to be his successor to the throne.

Motif References:

P 17.0.2 Son succeeds father as king
H 41.7 Task: to ride horse whereby one becomes king
H 71.10 Marvel as sign of royalty
H 171.3 Horse indicates election of emperor
H 172.1 Horse will permit only certain man to ride him
Z 201.1 (Bm) Hero’s famous horse
M 341.1.2 Prophecy: early death
M 361 Fated hero
M 365.1 Prophecy. hero may win fame but die early
M 369.5 Prophecies concerning invasion and conquest
B 771.6 (Bm) Only hero able to tame wild horse
F 989.22 Animals eat extraordinary food

GrAlx-393: Alexander grows up to be virtuous and an excellent knight; he asks his father to give him men, for he is eager to earn fame and honor. He rides to the kingdom of Palipon to make king Nycolaus his vassal. Nycolaus refuses and ridicules Alexander’s youth and haughtiness: pride goes before a fall. Alexander replies that he in turn was sent by the gods to punish Nycolaus’ pride and challenges him to single combat. Alexander defeats Nycolaus; he returns home a crowned king.

Motif References:

P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
L 410.1 Proud king humbled
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
P 556.0.1 (Bm) Challenge to single combat [feud]

GrAlx-472: At his return, Alexander learns that his father has repudiated his mother and taken another wife, Cleopatra. Alexander reproaches him for repudiating his mother and committing adultery.

Motif References:

T 232 Woman deserts husband for unworthy lover [Husband repudiates wife for another woman]
P 233.9 Son chastizes father for scorning mother

GrAlx-483: Cleopatra’s son, Lisias, approaches Alexander and lays claim to the kingdom; enraged, Alexander kills him with a staff and forces Philippus to reunite with his mother and expel Cleopatra.

Motif References:

P 12.13 King quick to anger
T 298 Reconciliation [reunion] of (separated) couple

GrAlx-509: The Persian king Darius sends a messenger to collect tribute from Philippus; Alexander tells the messenger that since his birth, the hens in Macedon had stopped laying golden eggs, and so now there would be no tribute to collect. He subtly threatens to bring the “tribute” to Darius himself.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
Z 100 Symbolism
B 103.2.1 Treasure-laying bird
P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]

GrAlx-537: Alexander, unsurpassed in virtue and knighthood, persuades his father to send him to Armenia; this country has shown signs of disloyalty and disobedience towards their feudal lord Philippus. Alexander plunders and pillages until messengers beg him to stop; they ask for mercy and concede their wrongful ways. Alexander accepts their apologies.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering
P 550.1.2 (Li) Defense of legitimate rights by war
K 2299 Other villains and traitors – miscellaneous

GrAlx-573: Alexander returns home and finds his father slain by duke Pausanya, who has taken advantage of Alexander’s absence to seize the power in Macedon. Alexander soon controls all the roads and captures the pursuing Pausanya; he has him beheaded.

Motif References:

P 16.0.1 (Bm) Regicide
Q 411 Death as punishment
Q 421 Punishment: beheading
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault

GrAlx-594: Alexander summons all nobles in Macedon and announces his succession to the throne. They swear loyalty and he is crowned king.

Motif References:

P 17.0.2 Son succeeds father as king
W 34 Loyalty

GrAlx-615: Alexander calls for all knights and men-at-arms of all ages; he tells his dukes that he plans a military expedition against Persia, to whom the Macedons pay tribute. They agree, and Alexander gives generously to anyone who will join him, winning many for his cause.

Motif References:

P 552.6 (Tu) Conscription of troops: summoning allies as preparation for war
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war

GrAlx-649: Alexander takes his army to Calcedonia, which is subject to the Romans; he demands fealty, otherwise he will attack. Fearful of his power, they surrender and vow loyalty. (Alexander repeatedly takes his former enemies, defeated or surrendered, as his vassals.)

Motif References:

P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
R 75 Surrendering
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault

GrAlx-664: Alexander takes his army to the city of Alba; the inhabitants haughtily refuse to surrender, trusting in their fearsome war-dogs. These animals are trained to attack and are sent in great numbers before the regular troops to wear down and tire the attackers; the Albans have defeated many enemies with this strategy. Alexander, aware of this, sends his men to collect a great number of swine and has them driven in front of his army during the assault. The war-dogs flee, and Alexander defeats the Albans, forcing the city to surrender.

Motif References:

B 268.2.1 War-Dogs
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

GrAlx-733: Alexander leads his army to the Romans, who surrender without a fight and send presents; the king of Europa, terrified by Alexander’s power, and the country of Africa, which he visits next, do the same.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering

GrAlx-759: On the nearby island of Phanatidas the god Amon has a temple. Alexander visits the sacred place, and Amon prophesies that Alexander will hunt and kill a mighty stag, but that it’s inevitable that Alexander will die young.

Motif References:

V 112 Temples
M 301.16 Gods prophesy both good and evil about hero’s fate
M 306 Enigmatical prophecy.
M 341.1.2 Prophecy: early death

GrAlx-771: Alexander pitches camp on a plain; in a dream, the god Serapis shows him a mountain and challenges him to move it. Alexander replies that this is impossible. Serapis reminds him of his mortality; his plan to conquer the whole world is just as impossible, especially because Alexander will not grow old. Unhappy, Alexander asks Serapis about his death and is told that he will meet a dishonorable end by poisoning at a young age. When he wakes up, Alexander is sad and unhappy.

Motif References:

Z 100 Symbolism
M 341.1.2 Prophecy: early death
M 341.2.8 Prophecy: Death by poison
D 1731.2.3 (Bm) Dream of visit by god

GrAlx-811: Alexander sends out troops for further conquests and founds the city of Alexandria and names it after himself. He wants to use it as a base against Egypt, which eventually surrenders to his power.

Motif References:

Z 703 (Bm) Eponymous account of city’s founding

GrAlx-825: In Egypt Alexander sees a pillar of black marble; the people tell him that it was erected in king Neptanabus’ honor. Alexander kneels and pays his respects.

Motif References:

GrAlx-838: Alexander leads his armies over the sea to Assyria; many cities fall before his great army. He sends messengers to Jerusalem, which is subject to Darius, but the high-priest refuses to pay tribute to Alexander instead of Darius, since the Jews had sworn oaths of loyalty to Persia.

Motif References:

W 34 Loyalty
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 550 Military affairs
P 715.1 Jews

GrAlx-864: Alexander begins the assault of the mighty city of Tyrus by sea and land; many heroes are killed on both sides. In the morning, Alexander leads the assault on the besieged city, he is the first to scale the walls of the town. He orders his men to have mercy on the inhabitants, which earns him their reverence and gratitude.

Motif References:

W 11.5.5 Conqueror spares city
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

GrAlx-910: Alexander, still infuriated about the Jewish high-priest’s refusal to pay tribute, leads his army to Syria. The Jews fear Alexander’s power; Jadus, their high-priest, orders sacrifices to God to beg for help. One night an angel appears to Jadus and tells him to have the people of Jerusalem dressed all in white and to welcome Alexander, since he is destined by God to rule the world. However, Alexander will invoke the wrath of God and die an early death.

Motif References:

V 11.9 Sacrifice to deity
V 17.3 Sacrifice to get help in danger
Z 142 Symbolic color: white
V 235 Mortal visited by angel
V 246 Angel counsels mortal
M 341.1.2 Prophecy: early death
M 365.1 Prophecy. hero may win fame but die early

GrAlx-945: Jadus tells his people of the angel’s advice; dressed in white, the inhabitants of Jerusalem go to meet Alexander in front of the city gates. The Tetragrammaton, the name of God, is written on Jadus’ forehead. Meeting the procession, Alexander dismounts his horse and bows down before the priest; Parmenan, one of Alexander’s men, asks his king why he honors the priest with this humiliating gesture, and Alexander replies that in a dream he has seen god dressed in the same manner as Jadus. His humbleness towards the priest is meant to honor God who has promised him victory over the Persian king.

Motif References:

Z 142 Symbolic color: white
V 510.1 God speaks in Vision to devotee
P 715.1 Jews

GrAlx-1003: Jadus leads Alexander into Jerusalem. In the temple, he has the book of Daniel brought before him, and prophesies that a Greek king will defeat Persia.

Motif References:

M 369.5 Prophecies concerning invasion and conquest

GrAlx-1021: Jadus begs Alexander to release the Jewish people from their duty to pay tribute to Alexander, and asks for favorable treatment of the Jews in Babylon. Alexander agrees. He has one of his men, Andramato, stay in Jerusalem and leaves.

Motif References:

W 11.2 Munificent monarch
P 715.1 Jews

GrAlx-1041: Messengers tell Darius of Alexander’s conquests in Syria; to know his enemy’s face, he has a portrait of Alexander drawn. He writes a letter to Alexander warning him of further invasions. He ridicules Alexander’s youth and calls the Greeks a people of peasants and thieves compared to the glory of the Persian Empire. Alexander is like a mouse that eats from the dishes, unaware of the presence of the cat. Darius threatens to have Alexander hanged like a common robber if he is provoked any further.

Motif References:

M 500 (Bm) Threats
H 607 Discussion by symbols

GrAlx-1127: Alexander reads Darius’ letter; he argues with the messengers that, since he is insulted as a robber and thief by Darius, he might as well act like one and have the messengers hanged. Terrified, they beg for mercy, saying that Darius is ignorant of Alexander’s glory. He pardons them, and out of gratitude they offer to deliver Darius into Alexander’s hand. But he refuses and scolds them for their disloyalty.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
J 829 Dealing with the great – miscellaneous
J 1675 Clever arguing with a king
K 2299 Other villains and traitors – miscellaneous

GrAlx-1180: Alexander sends a letter to Darius, reminding him of the inconsistency of luck and the mortality of men; the mightiest may fall and the lowly may rise to glory. Darius’ comparison with cat and mouse only encourages Alexander, since it is more honorable to fight an enemy who is mightier.

Motif References:

N 170 The capriciousness of luck

GrAlx-1225: Darius sends messengers to his allies, ordering them to bring him Alexander dead. They reply that the power and bravery of Alexander are great and that he has caused them much distress already. They feel unable to comply.

Motif References:

GrAlx-1270: Darius sends Alexander a large quantity of grain; in a letter, he compares the innumerable grains to the vastness of his people and his power. He warns Alexander not to proceed any further towards Persia. Alexander tastes some of the grains, mockingly remarking to his nobles on their poor quality; the armies of Persia may be huge, but their warriors are no match for Greek bravery. One Greek will surely kill a hundred Persians with ease when it comes to a battle. He writes a letter in return, announcing that he is now going to visit his ill mother, whose messenger has arrived in the meantime.

Motif References:

Z 174 Message or orders given symbolic action
H 607 Discussion by symbols
J 1625 Armies like seeds and peppercorns

GrAlx-1368: On Alexander’s way to his mother, Amonta, one of Darius’ dukes, blocks Alexander’s way with his army. A furious battle begins between the two armies; it lasts for three days. The heroes wade in blood up to their knees; the Persian casualties are too high to be counted. Amonta escapes with a few companions and tells Darius of the fearsome bravery of Alexander and his army.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

GrAlx-1431: Alexander proceeds and the countries he passes through surrender to him without a fight. Returned home, he finds his mother Olimpiadis well and healthy; with her blessings he leaves again for Persia. The Persians have fortified their positions, and so Alexander has to choose a new route into Persia. As he passes through the country, its inhabitants flee at his approach. Alexander reminds his soldiers of the honor that is earned by suffering.

Motif References:

GrAlx-1483: In the morning the army breaks camp and advances into the country of Lürus. The city of Stragaton surrenders without a fight, and Alexander generously reinstates them in their old rights.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering

GrAlx-1503: Alexander asks the citizens of Thebea for support: if they send four hundred men to serve in his army, he will spare the city the tribute. They refuse and reply that they will never be subject to him. Alexander persuades them to do battle before the city; surely they will be able to defeat his small army. 100,000 Thebeans are slain in the battle; as the remaining soldiers flee into Thebea, Alexander pursues them and assaults the weakened city. The Greeks scale the walls, open the gates, and kill many of the inhabitants; the rest are imprisoned. Furthermore, Alexander orders the city walls destroyed. That was Alexander’s nature: he was generous to those who surrendered to him, but those too haughty to submit always had cause for regret later.

Motif References:

W 11.5 Generosity toward enemy
M 200 Bargains and promises
Q 433 Punishment: Imprisonment
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 551 Army
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)
Q 595 Loss or destruction of property as punishment
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

GrAlx-1591: The city of Planthea surrenders to Alexander’s approaching army; its lord, Strandagoras, and Alexander have their future prophesied by a temple-maiden. Alexander is prophesied to be king of the world, while Strandagoras’ reign of the city will be overthrown.

Motif References:

M 311 Prophecy: future greatness of unborn child
M 342.1 Prophecy of downfall of king

GrAlx-1615: Wild with envy, Strandagoras travels to the city of Achon and encourages the people to write to Alexander that it is their wish to reinstate Strandagoras as sovereign. Alexander replies by recounting his conquests and proposes that the city of Achon sends twelve philosophers to talk to him. Afterwards, they may decide if they wish to live under his, Alexander’s, reign or not. The people of Achon discuss this proposal; one philosopher, Eschilus, opposes, calling Alexander fickle. Another, Demostinis, discusses the two possible choices: if Achon thinks itself strong enough to stand against Alexander, they should refuse his offer and fight him. If they think themselves too weak they should accept him as sovereign. The people of Achon decide to send presents and submit themselves to Alexander.

Motif References:

Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
J 152 Wisdom (knowledge) from sage (teacher)
J 191 Wise men
J 421 Subordination of weak to strong
J 689 Forethought in alliances – miscellaneous

GrAlx-1713: Alexander sends messengers to the city of Lacedonia, asking for their submission; if they accept, no harm will come to them. Foolishly, the people of the city refuse the offer. Alexander’s troops attack the city by land and sea. Finally, the Lacedonians send messengers begging for mercy. Alexander accepts their submission, remarking on the needless waste of lives: they should have known better before the battle. The country of Cecilia, where Alexander leads his armies next, surrenders without a fight.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)

GrAlx-1762: Darius is informed of Alexander’s conquests by a messenger; he assembles his dukes and laments the Greek’s victories with only this small an army. The king’s brother tells of Alexander always fighting in the first row of his army and suggests Darius does the same, but the king refuses. One duke, who had been sent to collect tribute from Macedon, warns Darius not to think of his opponent as a youth; his face speaks of fearsome power and bravery. Another suggests calling together armies from Parthös, Medos and all Persian lands; surely Alexander will flee once he sees the immense number of Persian warriors. One of the assembly objects: like one small wolf can scare a large herd of sheep, so Alexander and his army of excellent warriors will think little of their opponent’s great numbers. Alexander’s army of 200,000 warriors consists only of the world’s bravest men, and Alexander rewards them handsomely.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
P 551 Army
P 552.6 (Tu) Conscription of troops: summoning allies as preparation for war
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
F 628.2.4 Army of strong men

GrAlx-1850: Alexander and his armies pitch camp on the banks of the river Euphrates which is wide and dangerous. Alexander assembles carpenters and engineers to build a bridge and ships, and finally the army crosses the river. Immediately Alexander orders the bridge destroyed and the ships sunk. When his dukes complain that now there is no hope for escape if the army should have to retreat, Alexander answers that there will be no cause for retreat and argues that the dukes should think about what lies before them, not what is past. The choice is to defeat Persia or die honorably. If he, Alexander, succeeds, the journey home will be calm and joyful, not a hasty retreat.

Motif References:

J 755 All aspects of a plan must be foreseen

GrAlx-1921: Darius assembles his troops from all over Persia to prepare for the battle with Alexander.

Motif References:

P 552.6 (Tu) Conscription of troops: summoning allies as preparation for war

GrAlx-1942: Darius advances to the river Teygris; here, a furious battle begins. Alexander fights in the first row, and Darius’ warriors fall like snow; Darius and the few survivors flee the battlefield.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
R 220 Flights
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

GrAlx-1967: In the heat of battle Alexander is wounded by one of Darius’ men, disguised like a Greek warrior. When Alexander asks him why he attacked him, the Persian confesses that Darius had ordered him to do so. Furthermore, Darius had promised him the hand of his daughter if he succeeded in bringing Alexander’s head. Alexander asks his warriors for counsel; one says the Persian should be hanged, one wants him drowned and another cannot think of any punishment terrible enough to fit the crime. Alexander decides to release the captive; his own men would have followed his orders to attack Darius in just the same way, so the one who gave the order should be punished.

Motif References:

W 11.5.2 Ruler pardons emissary [attacker] who has come to murder him
T 68 Princess offered as prize
H 335.4.1 Suitor task: to bring enemy’s head
Q 590 Miscellaneous punishments
K 2357.7.1 (Bm) Disguise as enemy to approach (and slay) enemy king

GrAlx-2013: Darius sends his armies to the mountain of Thaüron; when the Persian troops hear of Alexander’s approach, they flee.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights

GrAlx-2028: Alexander assaults and conquers the city of Batrat; soon he learns that Darius’ mother, wife and children are also in this city. He sends for them and assures them that no harm will come to them, but asks the queen to give him her and Darius’ daughter Rosanne as a wife. The queen agrees and laments Darius’ blindness: it is obvious that Alexander has the gods and courage on his side. Then Alexander leaves.

Motif References:

T 69 Wooing – miscellaneous motifs
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault

GrAlx-2097: Darius hears of the capture of his family in Batrat. Meanwhile, one of Darius’ servants approaches Alexander and proposes to deliver Darius to Alexander if he is given2000 men; he has served Darius long and never been rewarded with land of his own. Alexander refuses, since someone who will betray his own king can never be trusted.

Motif References:

K 2250.1 Treacherous servant

GrAlx-2127: Darius writes a letter to Alexander warning him of further confrontations. He compares Alexander’s ambition to a donkey’s wish to fly: surely he will plummet to his death. Darius then belittles Alexander’s victory in battle against him; the capture of his family was even more excruciating to him than the defeat. Finally he threatens that if Alexander does not leave Persia, he will lose his head. Alexander answers with a letter, again reminding him of the mortality of men; Darius mistakes himself for a god, while being mortal like Alexander. The gods are responsible for Alexander’s victory over Darius; it is not Alexander’s merit. Finally, he announces that he will no longer write to Darius; since the Persian king has already turned down many opportunities to parlay. From now on, Alexander will strive after the crown of Persia and the conquest of Darius’ entire kingdom. He sends this reply together with many presents to the Persian king.

Motif References:

W 187 Insolence [Self-conceit]
M 500 (Bm) Threats

GrAlx-2210: Alexander sends messengers with letters to all lords of Darius’ empire; in the letter, he demands to be accepted as their new sovereign. Furthermore, each lord is told to send a thousand furs of wild animals and feathers of pelicans to Alexander’s camp near the river Euphrates. If they comply, they will earn their new king’s good will.

Motif References:

P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]

GrAlx-2234: The Persian lords send Alexander’s letter to Darius; Nastanus, one of Darius’ vassals, writes to Darius that Alexander has killed many Persians, among them two Persians of most noble descent. In addition he has drawn many lords to his side, either by force or offer of friendship. Darius writes letters to summon his allies; he also writes to Porus, the king of India, to ask him for aid against Alexander. Porus assures Darius of his help. Although he is not in the best of health at the moment, he will send ten legions to Persia as soon as he recovers from his illness.

Motif References:

P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
K 2247 Treacherous lord [vassal]
K 2365.3 Enemy persuaded by show of great wealth and generosity of king to desert to his side. [Vassals deserting to enemy king]

GrAlx-2283: Queen Rodago, Darius’ mother, writes a letter to her son; she has heard that Darius foolishly plans to fight against Alexander. She wants to dissuade him from the battle. Clearly, the gods are on Alexander’s side, and his warriors are like lions, while the Persian armies seem like a herd of sheep in comparison. She urges him to make peace with Alexander. When Darius reads his mother’s letter, he is devastated – he can neither see nor speak.

Motif References:

F 1041.21 Reactions to excessive grief

GrAlx-2312: Alexander takes his army to the city of Susis, where Darius resides. He orders all trees felled and the houses in the vicinity burnt. The inhabitants of Susis are frightened by this unusual act.

Motif References:

P 550 Military affairs

GrAlx-2329: Alexander and his dukes hold a council of war to determine how Darius can be brought to face Alexander again in battle.

Motif References:

P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war

GrAlx-2336: In a dream, the God Amon tells Alexander to go to Darius in the disguise of his own messenger.

Motif References:

D 1814.2 Advice from dream
D 1814.3 Advice from God (or the gods)

GrAlx-2349: Alexander tells his men of his dream; he takes one of his men, Emulus, with him to Susis. Outside the city he tells Emulus to wait for him; the god Amon would not allow harm to come to him, Alexander. He enters the city; the people he meets are scared by the radiance of his face and they think he must be a god. He introduces himself as Alexander’s messenger.

Motif References:

H 71.6.1 Luminous face as sign of royalty
F 511.1 Person unusual as to his face
K 1812.15 King disguised as own messenger

GrAlx-2382: Alexander, disguised as his own messenger, delivers “Alexander’s” message: Darius should submit to Alexander or fight.

Motif References:

P 556 Challenge to battle

GrAlx-2403: Darius accommodates the messenger as a guest, Alexander is seated opposite Darius. Meat and game are served, the cups, cutlery and dishes are of finest silver and gold. Alexander collects all the golden cups he has been drinking from in his lap; when servants try to clear the tables he also keeps the dishes. The servants secretly report this to Darius, calling the messenger dishonest and foolish. Darius asks Alexander about this, for he would have given the messenger presents anyway. Alexander retorts that at home it is a custom that everybody takes the golden cups he has been drinking from. He willingly returns the cups, as it is not a custom here. The Persian nobles, upon hearing this tale of Alexander’s amazing generosity, are even more inclined to defect to his side. Alexander leaves Darius and meets Emulus outside Susis; they ride back to Alexander’s camp.

Motif References:

P 320 Hospitality
J 1399 Retorts concerning thefts – miscellaneous
K 2365.3 Enemy persuaded by show of great wealth and generosity of king to desert to his side. [Vassals deserting to enemy king]

GrAlx-2480: In Susis, a large pillar, erected in honor of the Persian king Xerses, collapses by itself. Darius takes this as a bad omen; the Persian Empire will be conquered by the Greeks.

Motif References:

D 1812.5.1 Bad omens
D 1812.5 Future learned through omens

GrAlx-2513: Despite the bad omen, Darius prepares for battle against Alexander. He assembles 20 legions at the banks of the Canczer; the Persian army is enormous.

Motif References:

F 873.2 Enormous army (camp)

GrAlx-2526: Alexander and a few of his nobles ride to the top of a mountain to observe Darius’ army. He concedes that their numbers are countless, but he doubts the quality of the Persian troops in a battle. They ride back to the army, and soon a furious battle begins, Alexander kills many Persian warriors, he is terrible to behold in his rage. By evening, deep streams of blood flow on the battlefield. Realizing the many Persian casualties, Darius and his remaining warriors flee the battlefield and return to Susis.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

GrAlx-2583: Darius laments his defeat in Susis; finally, he writes a letter to Alexander, admitting his defeat in battle and his previous haughtiness, and asks Alexander to release his family. He warns Alexander not to become haughty and reminds him of the Persian king Xerses, who was brought low in his pride; also, he warns him to remember his mortality. The countries of Persia and Medan will be Alexander’s, and also the Persian treasures guarded by Darius and his ancestors.

Motif References:

R 99 (Bm) Ransom
M 200 Bargains and promises
L 410.1 Proud king humbled

GrAlx-2633: Alexander and his men are overjoyed at Darius’ offer. Nevertheless, Alexander answers Darius’ messengers that he will not deliver the prisoners for any price, except Darius’ complete submission. There will be no peace and no more patience with Darius; he should submit himself to Alexander or defeat him in battle.

Motif References:

P 556 Challenge to battle

GrAlx-2655: Alexander advances his army to the walls of Susis, where the royal descendants of King Xerses are buried.

Motif References:

GrAlx-2664: Darius writes a letter to Porus, king of India. He asks him for help. Alexander will surely attack India after Persia. In a letter, Porus assures him of India’s aid.

Motif References:

GrAlx-2705: The mightiest Persian nobles meet to make plans; they agree that it was Darius’ arrogance that led to the loss of honor and possessions of many Persian lords. The Persian nobles Oriaber, Fyses and Färtes are determined to assassinate their king, as they fear further disgrace and even their banishment from Darius’ continued rule. When Darius sees the traitors approaching him with their swords, he tries to reason with them and asks for mercy. Nevertheless they attack him and wound him severely, leaving him in his blood. No one dares to intervene because of their power and importance.

Motif References:

S 115 Murder by stabbing
K 2247 Treacherous lord [vassal]

GrAlx-2747: When Alexander approaches Susis, the doors are opened for him and his army. With the surrender of Susis his conquest of Persia is complete. When Alexander is told about Darius’ fate, he hurries to visit the dying king in his palace, which was built by King Cyrus. Alexander hurries to his adversary’s death-bed and laments him. He swears that there shall be no further enmity between them, and that Darius should keep his crown and empire until his death. Alexander swears that he will act like a son towards Darius from now on, as nobody should take another’s misfortune as cause for his own merriment. He urges Darius to tell him the names of his assailants, so he can avenge him.

Motif References:

W 11.5 Generosity toward enemy
R 75 Surrendering

GrAlx-2800: Darius addresses Alexander as his son, reminding him of the ever-changing nature of the world. He warns Alexander again not to be too ambitious; he, Darius, had mistaken his own power for that of the gods. The gods, however, elevate the lowly and topple the high and mighty. Man is like an insect’s web, ever in danger of being destroyed by the smallest gust of wind. Darius asks Alexander to bury him with his own hands; he begs him to take care of his family and take his daughter, Rosanne, for his wife. Greece and Persia should furthermore be called one country, so that there will be peace again. With this, Darius dies.

Motif References:

P 16.0.1 (Bm) Regicide
T 68.4 Vanquished king gives hero his daughter and control over his kingdom
P 310.5 Defeated enemy turns true friend

GrAlx-2860: Alexander laments Darius’ death. Alexander himself carries the dead king and mourns for his adversary, shedding tears.

Motif References:

W 11.5 Generosity toward enemy
P 12.9.1 (Bm) King mourns dead enemy

GrAlx-2870: After Darius’ burial, Alexander calls for all the nobles in the Persian Empire, to be crowned by their hands. He also announces his marriage with Rosanne, according to Darius’ wish. The nobles obey. Seated in a golden, jeweled throne made by King Cyrus, Alexander is crowned king of Persia. He invests the counts and dukes with their lands; the nobles keep their rights. He admonishes them to be just and generous, and tells them to install officials and judges, just like the custom under Darius’ reign. Nobody except soldiers and guards shall be allowed to wear armor; thus, peace shall reign from Greece to Persia.

Motif References:

P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]

GrAlx-2931: Alexander publicly announces his wish to find Darius’ murderers, as he wants to honor and reward them. He swears to elevate them above all nobles in Persia. When the murderers come forth and confess their deed, Alexander has them bound and hanged above king Darius’ grave; thus, he keeps his word.

Motif References:

M 202 Fulfulling of bargain or promise
K 236 Literal payment of debt (not real)
Q 413.4 Hanging as punishment for murder
J 1141.1 Guilty person deceived into gesture (act) which admits guilt
K 2010.2 Friendship feigned to avenge murder
K 2380 (Hi) Detection of treachery or deceit

GrAlx-2972: The nobles of Persia are satisfied by the punishment of the king’s murderers. They propose a nephew of Darius, Düricus, to be made their duke, as he had been under Darius’ rule. Alexander agrees.

Motif References:

P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]

GrAlx-2981: Alexander marries Rosanne; according to Persian customs, idols of the Persian gods are brought before them and Alexander swears that she will forever be queen of Persia. Rosanne is crowned.

Motif References:

V 1.11 Worship of idols
T 68.4 Vanquished king gives hero his daughter and control over his kingdom
T 135 Wedding ceremony
T 136.1 Wedding feast

GrAlx-2995: The Persians are overjoyed about their new king; they agree that he is the only god there is. Upon hearing this, Alexander forbids them to do so: he is just a mortal, like themselves.

Motif References:

P 12.14 Modesty of king

GrAlx-3004: Alexander sends a letter to his mother Olimpiadis, telling her of his conquest of Persia. He recounts the deeds of his army, whose bravery has won him and his men uncountable riches. He will always be grateful to them. Alexander writes another letter to his teacher Aristotiles, in which he also tells of his conquests; he now can be called the king of kings. However, Alexander still intends to bring the entire world under his reign.

Motif References:

GrAlx-3054: Alexander assembles the armies of his Greek and Persian vassals and takes them to India. The journey is strenuous, as the land is barren and filled with swamps and canyons.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 552.6 (Tu) Conscription of troops: summoning allies as preparation for war

GrAlx-3068: Eventually, Alexander’s men begin to question their king’s ambition and his insatiable thirst for conquest: they want to go home, since the conquest of Persia and king Darius’ defeat seem to be victory enough. When Alexander hears of this, he halts and addresses his army on a plain. He reminds them of the honor and glory they have already earned by conquering Persia; to turn back now would be dishonorable. Porus will be defeated just like Darius; then, the Greeks may return home. Thus, their glory and fame will be even greater. His men agree and assure Alexander that they will always stay with him.

Motif References:

M 260 Other promises
P 551 Army

GrAlx-3113: Porus writes a provocative letter to Alexander, calling him a common robber, since he has rapaciously conquered many kingdoms in such a short time. He warns Alexander: Darius was just a child compared to him, Porus; Alexander’s haughtiness will come to an end. Only if Alexander, who is after all just a mortal, were able to force god to descend to earth, would India and Porus serve him. Many years ago, Greece paid tribute to India; but since the country was not nearly as fertile and rich as India, it was given up again. Alexander would do well to turn back and leave India.

Motif References:

P 550 Military affairs

GrAlx-3157: Alexander’s men are intimidated by Porus’ letter, but he reminds them of Darius’ letters, which were just as arrogant and haughty. Alexander writes a letter in reply, telling Porus that his appraisal of India’s riches and fertility has only increased his, Alexander’s, desire to conquer this country. Porus may think he is equal to the gods, but nevertheless Alexander will challenge him: if it is God’s will, Porus will be defeated.

Motif References:

P 556 Challenge to battle

GrAlx-3195: When Porus reads Alexander’s letter, he is furious. He summons his armies: over 100,000 mounted warriors, innumerable foot-soldiers and 500 war-elephants. Mounted on top of each of these fearsome creatures are small “castles”, holding 30 soldiers carrying bows and swords.

Motif References:

P 552.6 (Tu) Conscription of troops: summoning allies as preparation for war
B 557.11.4 (Bm) Soldiers fight from “castles” on elephant’s backs
F 873.2 Enormous army (camp)

GrAlx-3213: The armies of Alexander and Porus clash; a furious battle begins. The war-elephants fight in the first row, followed by the bulk of the enemy, and Alexander sends both Persian and Greek warriors against them. At first, the horses shy away from the elephants and flee; when Alexander sees this, he calls to his warriors to put the spurs to their horses and to get close to the elephants. Alexander’s troops obey, defying death, and attack the fearsome beasts with their swords and torches. They burn the elephant’s heads with their torches; the animals are confused and break formation. Also, Alexander’s warriors wound many elephants with arrows, causing them to flee.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 552 Battle formations
B 557.11.4 (Bm) Soldiers fight from “castles” on elephant’s backs
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

GrAlx-3249: Many warriors are killed in the battle that follows the flight of the war-elephants. When Alexander sees many of his Persian warriors die, he calls out to his Greek warriors to spur them on. They should fight to prove their knightly virtues to the Indians, like they have done before. Since great numbers of Persians die in the terrible battle, Alexander’s allies are about to flee. Furious, Alexander assembles his troops from Greece and Macedon around him and attacks the Indians with these warriors. Finally, he is victorious; many Indians are killed, and Porus has to flee the battlefield.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]

GrAlx-3305: After the battle, Alexander makes camp in front of a conquered Indian city. The palace of this city is a marvelous structure, ornate with gold and jewels. No man could have built a palace like this; its indescribable beauty must be a work of magic.

Motif References:

F 771.1.1.1 Castle paved with gold and gems
D 1132.1 Palace produced by magic

GrAlx-3325: Alexander continues his expedition to the country of Caspia, which is infested by many snakes. He sends a messenger to the queen of Amazon, Salistria, demanding tribute and reminding her of his conquests of Persia and India. The queen writes a letter in reply. She has heard of Alexander’s wisdom and counsels him not to invade her kingdom. If he should invade Amazon, Alexander will have to fight the Amazon warrior-women. Salistria then describes the Amazon way of life to Alexander: her people live on an island, inaccessible by land. On this island there are only women, about 200,000 are trained to fight like men. On another island nearby there are only men; once a year, the Amazon women visit this island for a month, mainly to conceive children from them. Male infants are only kept in the Amazon country for seven years; girls are raised by their mothers to become warrior women as well. The Amazon women also protect the men, if they are threatened by enemies: warrior women are sent to deal with the attackers, while some stay at home to protect the island. If Alexander should attack the Amazons, the Amazons will prove that they prefer swords and pikes to dancing; and whereas defeating Alexander will earn the Amazons fame and honor, he will not win much honor by defeating them, since it will be considered a victory over women.

Motif References:

P 63 (Bm) Lady in armor (and battle)
F 112 Journey to land of women
F 112.0.2 Separation of sexes in otherworld
F 565.1 Amazons. Women warriors
F 565.1.2.1 (Bm) Amazons go to men’s island three months a year to procreate
F 610.0.1 Remarkably strong woman
F 707 Extraordinary kingdom

GrAlx-3447: When Alexander reads Salistria’s letter he laughs and sends a reply. He wants to honor their customs and will not invade the Amazon kingdom. He swears by the god Amon that the Amazons will come to no harm from him if they show their good will by sending him stallions as a present. Salistria obeys and sends him 12 untamed foals/colts and 12 of the best horses in her kingdom, all white like ermine. The gift pleases Alexander.

Motif References:

M 150 Other vows and oaths
M 200 Bargains and promises
P 531 Taxation and payment of fines and tribute

GrAlx-3493: Alexander is informed that Porus is preparing for battle. He sends messengers to his countries: 200 warriors should be prepared and ready in each country to deal with a possible invasion by the enemy.

Motif References:

K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

GrAlx-3508: Alexander and his army are by now richly loaded with gold and jewels; in the sunlight, their shields shine like stars.

Motif References:

GrAlx-3517: Alexander’s way leads him and his army through a desert; the men and animals suffer greatly from thirst. Many even drink their own urine to survive. A knight called Cephilus finds some dew-water and brings it to Alexander in his helm. When Alexander hears that this is all the water there is, he spills it on the ground; he does not want to be privileged over his warriors.

Motif References:

P 12 Character of kings

GrAlx-3549: Alexander leads his army out of the desert. When they finally find water, but it is in a swamp and the reed grows tall in it. Both men and animals drink greedily. In their great thirst, they fail to notice the poor quality of the water; it is brackish and foul, and as a result, many warriors and animals die from drinking it.

Motif References:

N 332 Accidental poisoning

GrAlx-3571: A castle is nearby; when asked where pure water can be found, the inhabitants refuse to reply and ignore the Greeks. Alexander orders swimmers to look for clean water, but they are eaten by terrible sea-monsters. So Alexander and his warriors wander the swamp, looking for water. Bears, lions, tigers and fearsome dragons with their poisonous breath kill many warriors. Finally, they find a place with potable water.

Motif References:

B 11.2.11.2 Breath of Dragon kills man [venomous fiery and fetid breath of dragon]
B 11 Dragon
B 16.5.1.2 Devastating (man-eating) sea-monster (serpent)
B 16.2 Devastating wild animals
N 785 Adventures from seeking water

GrAlx-3599: When Alexander finds the water sweet and potable, he orders his men to fell trees and pitch camp. The men are happy to get some rest after their struggle to find water. After sunset, however, fearsome animals approach the camp; they want to drink from the watering place, where Alexander made camp. First, scorpions come out of the mountains, followed by fire-breathing dragons whose terrible breath kills many men. Alexander puts on his armor and mounts his horse, riding from man to man to encourage them to be brave.

Motif References:

B 11.2.11.2 Breath of Dragon kills man [venomous fiery and fetid breath of dragon]
B 11.2.11 Fire-breathing dragon
B 11 Dragon
B 17.2.4 Hostile scorpion

GrAlx-3639: Giant crawfish, whose hard shells cannot be pierced with swords, attack the men who camp by the watering place.

Motif References:

B 15.7.10 Animal unusual as to skin
B 268.14 Giant crabs attack army
B 876.2.1 Giant crab

GrAlx-3647: White lions, as big as oxen, and giant wild boars, with fearsome tusks a yard long afflict the camping warriors. Together with the boars, animal-like wild people attack the army. Their bodies are coarse, they have ten fingers on each hand and ten toes per foot. After defending themselves against this threat, a terrible beast comes out of the mountains. It’s of an elephant’s size with a coal-black, horse-like head. It has three extremely sharp horns, and with them it kills many Greeks before they manage to overcome the beast. The Indians call this monster a Tyram.

Motif References:

B 15 Animals with unusual limbs or members
B 15.1 Animal unusual as to his head
B 15.3.1 Many-horned animal
B 16.1.4.1 Giant devastating boar
B 19.12 (Bm) Mythical beast, size of elephant, black head, three horns in forehead
F 515 Person unusual as to his hands
F 515.1 Person with unusual fingers
F 517.1 Person unusual as to his feet
F 521.1 Man covered with hair like animal
B 731.15 (Bm) White lion
B 871.2.5 Giant lion
B 871.1.2.0.1 (Bm) Wild boar’s tusk 1/2 yard long [1 yard long]
B 871.1.2 Giant boar

GrAlx-3692: Then giant mice come out of the water and attack the warriors. Although their bites can hardly be seen, their poison kills many men and animals. Vespertylians, these are giant bats, fly out of the forests. They have fearsome, sharp teeth, wounding many men. By dawn a flock of birds large as vultures flies to the water. The birds have black beaks and feet and fiery red plumage. These birds only eat fish from the water and do not attack the warriors.

Motif References:

B 15 Animals with unusual limbs or members
B 17.2.1.1 Hostile sea-rats
B 31.4 Giant bats
B 776 Venomous animals

GrAlx-3728: When it is finally dawn, Alexander orders his army to break camp. In the fertile land of Patronum his men rest from their ordeal; they make new clothes from cotton, which grows abundantly in this country. After 30 days of rest Alexander addresses his warriors, promising to share his wealth with them, since they have suffered greatly. The lands of Porus, whom they will fight soon, are rich and wealthy.

Motif References:

GrAlx-3768: To the sound of trumpets, the armies of Alexander and Porus advance towards each other. Porus proposes a single combat between him and Alexander. This way the lives of many warriors will be spared. The kingdoms of Alexander and Porus should become subject to the winner in the single combat.

Motif References:

P 556.0.1 (Bm) Challenge to single combat [feud]

GrAlx-3791: Porus is a giant of a man, five yards tall, and he thinks little of Alexander’s strength, who looks small compared to him. Alexander accepts the challenge, and the single combat begins. Porus deals the first blow, but Alexander strikes back and kills the Indian king outright.

Motif References:

F 533 Remarkably tall man
P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]

GrAlx-3815: At Porus’ death, the lamentation of the Indian armies fills the sky like thunder. Despite the agreement the Indians now want a battle. Alexander addresses them, promising them the same rights and privileges under his rule as under Porus. It will be for their own good if they submit to Alexander’s reign. The Indians agree, and soon afterwards they vow loyalty.

Motif References:

W 34 Loyalty
P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
M 200 Bargains and promises
P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of p.

GrAlx-3835: Even with Persia and India conquered, Alexander still wants to conquer the whole world. Neighboring India is the land of the Genosophists, Exidiaces; the inhabitants inform Alexander of their way of life, as they have heard that he wants to start an expedition to their land. The inhabitants of Exidiaces are very poor, they do not have a fixed residence, houses or cities. There is no agriculture, no tillage or viniculture, and the people feed on roots and herbs. They drink only water from a single river crossing their country. No man lies with a woman, except when he desires an heir; only then is he allowed to go to the women. Thus, Alexander will not win honor from conquering their country.

Motif References:

F 112.0.2 Separation of sexes in otherworld
F 561 People of unusual diet
F 561.13 (Bm) People who do not hunt, plough or fish – eat only what grows naturally
F 562 People of unusual residence
F 566.2 Land where women live separate from men

GrAlx-3877: Alexander and a few of his warriors travel to Exidiaces; here, he finds everything as described to him by the people. He commends their simple way of life and grants them a wish. They wish for eternal life. Alexander answers that only god could grant this wish; he himself is mortal. Thereupon one of them asks him what sense there is in Alexander’s worldly achievements, if he has to die; he answers that it is in his nature to conquer. He will leave the people of Exidiaces to live by their own customs.

Motif References:

J 1262 Repartee based on doctrinal discussions

GrAlx-3905: In another country Alexander finds two pillars, one of gold, the other of silver, twelve yards high and two yards wide. Hercules left these pillars here as a sign of his visit to these lands; Alexander is astonished that another Greek had traveled as far as he.

Motif References:

A 984 Pillars of Hercules at Gibraltar set up by Hercules.

GrAlx-3920: Eventually, Alexander’s travels lead him to a land where there is no light; for five days, Alexander and his men travel through this sunless country.

Motif References:

F 706 Land of darkness

GrAlx-3926: Alexander and his men reach a warm river; on the other side of the river they see a group of women on horseback who are armed and dressed in golden armor, since they have no iron. No men live in their country. Nobody dares to cross the river, since it is too deep.

Motif References:

P 63 (Bm) Lady in armor (and battle)
F 112 Journey to land of women
F 565.1 Amazons. Women warriors

GrAlx-3942: Traveling on, Alexander reaches a land so full of reeds that no path can be found through it. A fearsome animal lives in this land; on its back it has pig’s bristles which are harder than iron, and fearsome teeth, cutting like swords. Many men are killed fighting this beast, neither sword nor arrow harm the creature. At last, Alexander’s warriors manage to kill the beast with special hammers.

Motif References:

B 15.7.10 Animal unusual as to skin
B 15.7.10.2 Animal with hair of iron pins
B 16.2 Devastating wild animals
B 16.5.5.1 (Bm) Monster impervious to weapons
B 17.1 Hostile beasts
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

GrAlx-3970: Alexander takes his army through the reed-covered country. When he orders his men to pitch camp, elephants attack them. Alexander collects a herd of swine; terrified of their grunting and squealing, the elephants turn and flee, and many of them are killed by arrows.

Motif References:

B 16.2.6 Devastating elephant
R 220 Flights
K 2351.3 Mice and hogs let loose put elephant cavalry to flight
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

GrAlx-3987: Traveling on, Alexander encounters wild, ugly women with beards and flaccid breasts; it is better not to tell more of their “beauty”. When asked why they choose the forest as their home, they answer that they live by hunting the animals of the forest. They also wear the hides of their quarry.

Motif References:

F 565.4 Women hunters
F 567.1 Wild woman
F 576 Extraordinary ugliness

GrAlx-4009: Alexander travels to the source of the river Enaur, where strange people live. They are naked like animals and have a streak of fur on their backs. They live in the water; when Alexander approaches them, they hide in the river sand.

Motif References:

F 129.7 Journey to land of naked people
F 521.1 Man covered with hair like animal
F 562.3 Residence in (under) water
F 568 Naked tribe
F 709.1 Country of the naked

GrAlx-4025: Traveling 12 miles downstream, Alexander reaches an open plain. Strong winds threaten to blow away the army’s tents and disturb the night’s rest. Fire rains from the skies. The warriors fear that this is the wrath of god for traveling this far, but Alexander calms them, blaming the autumn storms and thunder. Soon the skies are calm again.

Motif References:

F 962.2 Fire from heaven

GrAlx-4050: Alexander travels another 20 miles and reaches a narrow valley. He orders his men to light campfires when it begins to snow heavily. The masses of snow are soon melted by warm winds, causing avalanches and landslides. Many men and animals are harmed or killed during the next three nights, 500 warriors are killed in these mountains. Alexander orders sacrifices to the gods to ask for divine help, and thus they are saved.

Motif References:

V 17.3 Sacrifice to get help in danger
V 59 Prayers answered – miscellaneous
S 263 Sacrifice to appease spirits (gods)

GrAlx-4082: Alexander travels on to the river Gangen. The people on the other side of the river tell him that they are called Brängamani (Brahmans). Nobody can reach their kingdom, since the wild animals of the river will kill anyone who tries to cross it. Alexander has a ship built and sends a messenger to the king of this people, asking him to share his wisdom. A wise man, so Alexander argues in the letter, will always try to increase his knowledge. Since he has heard that the way of life of the Brangamani is different from his, he wishes to learn more about it.

Motif References:

F 141 Water barrier to otherworld

GrAlx-4137: Didimus, the king of Brangameney, sends Alexander a letter, describing his people’s way of life. He commends Alexander’s wish to increase his wisdom, since this suits kings especially well. Without wisdom, it would make no difference if a donkey wore the crown. The Brangamani (Brahmans) live a very simple life; they give no sacrifices to the gods, but believe in one deity; they live on the fruits of the earth without plowing and drink water from a river, which keeps them healthy, so they never have need for doctors. In this country, there is no summer or winter, so they need no clothes and go naked. There is no voluptuousness, envy or hate, since everyone is equal. The air is so healthy that no one dies suddenly or at a young age, and women do not have to worry about persecution by men, since they only have intercourse if they wish to conceive children. The Brangamani do not wash their bodies, but rely on dew from heaven to clean them and keep them healthy. There are no castles, cities or schools, and no astronomy is known to them, they also scorn tales of history, since it only reminds them of the inevitable death of all human beings. Didimus then reproaches Alexander for his ambition to rule the world. Only God may be ruler of the world, Alexander is only a mortal: he who climbs high will take a long fall. Alexander should have stayed in Macedon instead of subjugating other kings; in the end, he may even lack the land for a grave. All signs of earthly glory are vain; the only thing of value is eternal life, which can only be given by their, the Brangamani’s, god. Therefore, Didimus urges Alexander to forsake his many gods and accept the one God as his savior.

Motif References:

F 161 Weather in otherworld
F 560 Unusual manner of life
F 561 People of unusual diet
F 561.13 (Bm) People who do not hunt, plough or fish – eat only what grows naturally
F 562 People of unusual residence
F 709 Other extraordinary countries
D 2161.4.14.3 Cure by washing in dew

GrAlx-4351: Alexander reads Didimus’ letter, he gets angry. In another letter he replies that the Brangamani’s disrespect for all other gods is dishonorable and haughty. The ascetic way of life of the Brangamani is not self-imposed, but caused by the infertility of their country; since they have no gold, jewels or any riches at all, they pretend not to want any. The chastity of the land’s inhabitants can also be explained by their meager diet: for the heat of love, more substantial nourishment would be necessary. Alexander concludes that the Brangamani are more like animals than men. Didimus replies that, since only their one god can give life after death, all deeds and riches are worthless considering the mortality of men. In a final letter, Alexander writes that he will leave the Brangamani in their poverty. He asks Didimus to erect a golden pillar, which he sends to him, in Alexander’s honor. An inscription in Latin on the pillar tells of his, Alexander’s, deeds and his travels even to this place.

Motif References:

GrAlx-4463: Alexander travels on to the country of Anthea. Near Alexander’s camp is a mighty forest, inhabited by a strange people. They are of a giant’s size with hairy bodies like bears and are dressed in animal’s skins. Alexander’s warriors pursue the wild people into the forest, and while 630 of the giants are killed, Alexander loses 200 soldiers in the fight.

Motif References:

F 521.1 Man covered with hair like animal
F 531.6.2.7 Giants in wild forests
F 531.0.3.1 (Bm) Group or tribe or army of giant men
F 531.4.7.1 Giants dressed in skin

GrAlx-4489: After three days of rest, Alexander continues his journey. He encounters a strange, fearsome wild man; his body is covered with hair like pig’s bristles and he grinds his mighty teeth like a boar. He is unable to speak, but his voice, when raised, is like that of an ox. Alexander works out a plan to trap the wild man. He places a naked girl in plain sight of the savage; when he approaches, Alexander’s men capture him. Alexander studies the wild man for a while and has him burnt afterwards.

Motif References:

F 513.1 Person unusual as to his teeth
F 521.1 Man covered with hair like animal
F 556 Remarkable voice
F 567 Wild man
K 750 Capture by decoy

GrAlx-4521: Traveling over a plain, Alexander and his warriors see marvelous trees: at sunrise, they grow fruit, which are ripe at noon; by sunset, the fruit are rotten and inedible. When Alexander has one of his men pick one of these fruits, this man dies immediately. A voice from heaven warns Alexander not to pick any of the fruits, for everyone trying to do so must die.

Motif References:

D 621 Daily transformation
C 621.2 Tabu- touching fruit
F 811.7 Trees with extraordinary fruit
F 811.13 Tree blooms and grows ripe fruit nightly [daily]
D 950 Magic tree
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)

GrAlx-4544: Suddenly, flocks of birds fly over Alexander’s army, dropping white fire on the men. Many are wounded. Alexander decides to leave the plain quickly.

Motif References:

B 742.2 Birds spit [drop] fire
F 989.16 Extraordinary swarms of birds

GrAlx-4553: Alexander leads his army over a mountain pass ; the way is infested with insects and snakes. They reach a valley which is shrouded in complete darkness, where they find fruit similar to figs. After eight days of ascent they finally leave the darkness behind them and descend to a plain, with vegetation similar to that of the dark valley.

Motif References:

F 706 Land of darkness
F 962.10 Extraordinary mist (darkness)

GrAlx-4577: The plain has vegetation similar to that of the dark valley and Alexander and his men find the source of a river. Its milky water sates anyone who drinks from it like a meal.

Motif References:

F 715.2 River of extraordinary fluid

GrAlx-4586: Alexander takes his army to a mountain which is shrouded in clouds. The undergrowth forces them to take a single, narrow path, which they travel for seven days. Suddenly, a terrible stench stops them, and many die from it. Alexander decides to scout out the area ahead; he orders his army to wait for him and leaves, taking his gem studded golden shield with him. A basilisk, the cause of the deadly smell, gazes into the reflecting shield and is killed by his own reflection. Alexander calls his servants and shows them the cause of the stench.

Motif References:

B 12 Basilisk
B 12.2 Basilisk’s fatal glance
B 12.3 Basilisk killed by seeing own image
F 839.2 Extraordinary shield
F 1041.1 Extraordinary death

GrAlx-4627: Bypassing an impassable range of mountains, Alexander travels east. After 90 days of travel he reaches a mountain shackled with golden chains; the only possible ascent leads over stairs of sapphires. Alexander makes camp at the foot of the mountain. Climbing these stairs with 500 of his nobles, he finds a golden palace on top of the mountain. 12 doors lead into the richly decorated palace; it has 70 windows. Everything is made of the most precious materials, gold being the least valuable among them. They enter a marvelous vineyard where the grapes are precious jewels and gems.

Motif References:

Z 71.8 Formulistic number: twelve
F 132 Otherworld on lofty mountain
F 750 Extraordinary mountains and other land features
F 759.1 Mountain with marvelous objects at top
F 771.1.1 Golden castle (palace, house)
F 771.3 Extraordinary location of castle
F 813.2 Extraordinary grapes
F 813.2.1 Clusters of diamond and emerald grapes
F 848 Extraordinary ladder (stairs)

GrAlx-4685: A man with a white beard in kingly clothes approaches Alexander and his men; Alexander kneels before him in greeting. The old man addresses Alexander by name, and when Alexander asks how the stranger knows him, the old man announces that he will tell Alexander about his future death. He asks Alexander to take off all gold and jewelry. After doing this, Alexander and two of his companions, Antiochus and Pertholomeus, follow the old man to a mighty forest. The trees of the forest are enormously large, and incense and the balm of the trees fill the air. The old man points out a single tree that rises above all others, but is barren and without leaves. A bird sits on top of this tree, shining brightly like the sun; no man’s eye can stand to look at it for long. It is called Fenix (Phoenix) and is unique in the entire world. When it grows old and weak, it flies to a mountain, where it erects a pile of wood. On this pile the Fenix burns itself to ashes; from the ashes a young Fenix rises again.

Motif References:

B 32 Phoenix
B 32.1 Phoenix renews youth
F 169.9 Pleasant fragrance in otherworld
F 811 Extraordinary tree
F 812.3 Forest of dangers (wonders)
D 1889.7 Rejuvenation by being reborn

GrAlx-4777: The old man leads Alexander to two large trees; one is called the sun-tree, the other moon-tree. They have the power of prophecy; if a question is thought before them, they will answer it, both in Indian and Greek language. Alexander, wondering if he will conquer the world and return home to see his mother and sister again, is told by the tree that he will indeed be ruler of the world; however, he will never see his home again. Alexander, – so the trees prophesy –, will live for another year and 8 months, and then die by poisoning. A trusted friend, whose name the trees will not disclose, will poison Alexander’s drink in Babylonia, and he will die in the city of Alexandria. Hearing this, Alexander is grieves and cries; then he leaves the mountain and has four pillars erected. Inscriptions in Latin, Greek, Indian and Hebrew tell of his conquests.

Motif References:

F 162.3 Tree in otherworld
M 341.1 Prophecy: death at (before, within) certain time
M 341.1.2 Prophecy: early death
M 341.2.19 Prophecy: death at hands of certain person
M 341.2.8 Prophecy: Death by poison
M 341.3 Prophecy: death in particular place
M 369.5 Prophecies concerning invasion and conquest
D 1311.4 Oracular tree
D 1316.5.1 Voice comes forth from tree, revealing truth [future]
D 1610.2 Magic speaking tree

GrAlx-4880: Alexander travels on, reaching a golden city built on a mountain. The city is ruled by lady Candacis who has three sons called Candolus, Masippus and Carexcis. Alexander writes a letter asking her to visit him to bring sacrifices to the god Amon to honor him so he will favor them. She replies that, although it is not custom here to give sacrifice to the gods, she will honor his wish by sending him presents to give as sacrifice: a precious jeweled crown, a hundred gem-studded chains of gold and a hundred elephants, ridden by coal-black Moorish boys. With these presents, she sends a painter who brings her a portrait of Alexander. Seeing it, she falls in love with Alexander.

Motif References:

V 11.9 Sacrifice to deity
T 11.2 Love through sight of picture
V 12 Nature of sacrifice
P 14 Particular practices of kings
V 17.0.1 Sacrifice to deity in order to obtain favors
P 482 Painter (artist)
F 761.1 City of gold

GrAlx-4981: During an excursion to the forest, Candolus’ wife is abducted by the king of Berboricus, who is in love with her. Candolus is powerless to prevent it, since he is outnumbered. When he tells his mother Candacis of his grief, she suggests he ask Alexander for help. At night, Candolus approaches Alexander’s camp; he is mistaken for a spy and captured. When brought to Pertholomeus, he tells him of his request. Pertholomeus tells Alexander of this, and Alexander works out a ruse: since he is secretly in love with Candacis, he sends for Antiochus to pose as Alexander by wearing the crown. Alexander, posing as his own vassal, will accompany Candolus to eventually get the chance to meet Candacis.

Motif References:

R 10.1 Princess (maiden) abducted
K 1810.1.3 Taking king’s place by changing dresses
K 1812 King in disguise
K 1831.0.1 Disguise by changing name

GrAlx-5073: With Candolus having given directions, Alexander (disguised as his own vassal Antiochus) travels to the king of Berboricus. Brought before the king, he demands Candolus’ wife back in Alexander’s name. If she is not released immediately, Alexander will attack his kingdom even before the next dawn. Frightened, the king of Berboricus releases the abducted woman, not knowing that the messenger is Alexander himself.

Motif References:

R 111.2 Princess rescued from place of captivity
M 500 (Bm) Threats
N 838 Hero (culture hero) as helper
H 1385.3 Quest for vanished wife (mistress)
K 1812.15 King disguised as own messenger

GrAlx-5110: Alexander (under the name of Antiochus) reunites Candolus with his wife. Gratefully, Candolus invites him to see the queen. Candacis welcomes them warmly when Alexander is introduced to her as Antiochus, and she leads him to the palace by the hand. She has first doubts about his true identity. Alexander is charmed by her exceptional beauty; she is the most beautiful woman he has ever seen. Candacis leaves Alexander for a moment, begging him to wait for her. In her chamber, she compares the portrait of Alexander to her guest, and realizes that it must be Alexander himself. She returns to him, and a meal of game and fish is served in precious golden dishes. Alexander eats very little, since he only has eyes for Candacis.

Motif References:

P 20.1 Clever queen
H 21 Recognition through picture
T 24.6 Lover refuses food and drink

GrAlx-5185: At bedtime, Candacis leads Alexander to his bedroom. The room is ornate with gold and jewels of all kinds. The bed rests on the back of a magic statue of an elephant. When Candacis wishes, the bed starts to spin quickly. Candacis leaves Alexander in this room; a bit later, she magically causes the bed to move like a millwheel. Entering the bedroom, she finds Alexander terrified and sweating; she addresses him by his real name and mocks his powerlessness: all his might is useless now. When Alexander tries to deny his identity, Candacis calms him. She wishes him no harm, since he helped her son. However, if his identity were known, he would have to fear for his life, as many lands still mourn Porus’ death. Candacis stops the magic bed, and Alexander concedes that his life is in her hands. Both confess that they are in love with each other, and Alexander stays with the queen until dawn.

Motif References:

L 419 Proud ruler (deity) humbled – miscellaneous
K 778 Capture through the wiles of a woman
F 781 Extraordinary rooms
F 846.1 Perilous bed
D 1154.1 Magic bed

GrAlx-5276: In the morning, Candacis admonishes Alexander to lower his ambitions: striving too high is dangerous, for Alexander has already made powerful enemies in Persia, India, Media, Parthia, Egypt and Babylon. All those he defeated and conquered still grieve the death of their lords and relatives. Alexander is still only a mortal, as his capture by Candacis has proven. But Alexander refuses to refrain from his wish to conquer the world, as he believes it is the will of the gods.

Motif References:

GrAlx-5320: Candacis leaves Alexander in the morning, for if anyone knew his real identity, he would surely be killed. When Alexander meets her later to bid her farewell (in the role of Antiochus), she gives him presents for his king Alexander: a crown of gold and jewels and clothes of extraordinary beauty.

Motif References:

P 324 Host greets guest with gifts [Welcome and parting gifts]
K 1792.1 Feigned ignorance about person’s identity in order not to reveal king

GrAlx-5360: Candacis calls for her son Candolus and reveals “Antiochus’” real identity: the man who helped her son is none other than king Alexander himself. Candolus agrees to help Alexander with anything he desires, and Candacis proposes that Candolus accompany Alexander as a guide on his quest for adventure.

Motif References:

GrAlx-5380: Alexander and Candolus leave Candacis; they travel to a hollow mountain. Candolus tells him that this is a sacred place where the gods meet to hold council.

Motif References:

A 167.1 Council of the gods
F 759.2 Hollow mountain

GrAlx-5390: Alexander enters the mountain; there he sees a god with 200 eyes surrounded by heavenly light. As he turns to flee, Alexander is addressed by the god. The god’s name is Sinthys, a mighty god of all kingdoms, and reprimands Alexander for not building a temple in his, Sinthys’, name in Alexandria. Alexander replies that he was unaware of the god’s name, but if he comes home again, he will erect a mighty temple in Sinthys’ honor. The god prophesies that Alexander will die before he sees his home again and urges Alexander to advance deeper into the mountain.

Motif References:

A 123.3.1 God with many eyes
A 124 Luminous god
A 182.3.2 God rebukes mortal
M 358.1.1 Prophecy: death on journey

GrAlx-5429: Deeper in the mountain, Alexander meets another god surrounded by light. When Alexander asks this god his name, he replies that he has already foretold Alexander his early death in Libya: he is the god Serapis. Alexander asks him about the name of his murderer, but the god refuses to reveal it. Alexander’s grave will be in Alexandria; he advises Alexander to end his travels and return to his countries. Shortly, so the god prophesies, Alexander will conquer even more kingdoms.

Motif References:

A 124 Luminous god
M 369.5 Prophecies concerning invasion and conquest

GrAlx-5462: Alexander leaves Candolus and travels on with his army. They reach a country full of vipers; each is crowned with a precious emerald. The snakes feed on white pepper, which grows in this land.

Motif References:

B 101.7 Serpent with jewel in head
F 989.22 Animals eat extraordinary food

GrAlx-5477: Alexander travels on, reaching a lake 20 miles wide. It is covered with reed, making a passage impossible. Women, their hands, feet, body and hair white as snow, live in this lake. People say that these creatures abduct any men they catch in the water; they seduce their victims, but no man survives their love for long. Alexander’s men capture two of these women; their bodies are snow-white, but their long and sharp teeth resemble dog’s fangs.

Motif References:

B 81 Mermaid
B 81.9 Appearance of mermaid
B 81.9.5.1 Mermaid has white skin
B 81.13.11 Mermaid captured
B 81.2.2 Mermaids tear their mortal lovers to pieces [kill their mortal lovers]
F 544.3 Remarkable teeth
F 562.3.1 (Bm) People who live in water

GrAlx-5513: Alexander travels on and comes to a people called “children of Hell” (der helle kint). The people are monstrous; they live and feed like animals, eating raw meat. Alexander fears that these monsters could someday harm the rest of the world, so he encloses them within a mountain range, called the Caspian portals. The only access to these tribes is through a narrow valley, which Alexander seals off with magic. 22 kings are today still confined within these mountains, where they must stay until doomsday. The tribes and the country are called Gog and Magog.

Motif References:

R 49 Other places of captivity
F 510.1 Monstrous races
D 2177 Imprisoning by magic

GrAlx-5547: Alexander then travels westward again and is informed of a nearby island with Greek-speaking inhabitants. He has a ship prepared and mans it with ten warriors. But as soon as the boat is set on the water, terrible sea beasts attack and sink it, killing the men onboard.

Motif References:

B 17.2.1 Hostile sea-beasts

GrAlx-5567: Alexander travels for 60 days and finally reaches the red sea. Alexander climbs a high mountain. At the top, he contemplates how he could rise higher than any man before him. He descends from the mountain and calls for the best craftsmen. He orders them to build him a carriage, and has four hungry griffins harnessed to it. On a long pole, Alexander fixes food for the animals, causing them to lift the vehicle and take Alexander into the air. Flying high, Alexander observes the earth: compared to the immense waters encircling it, the mass of land seems as small as a bean compared to a mountain. But God punishes Alexander’s ambitiousness and insolence by sending hot smoke to the griffins, causing them to descend back to earth, where Alexander lands on a plain. Alexander, who had in 12 years conquered the entire world, has enraged God with his endless ambition.

Motif References:

P 15.6 King descends to bottom of sea in glass barrel to study ways of fishes [ascends to the sky by griffins]
B 42 Griffin
F 60 Transportation to or from upper world
L 421 Attempt to fly to heaven punished
H 1371.5 (Hi) Quest for the sky

GrAlx-5640: Next, Alexander plans to explore the sea. He has a glass barrel built by craftsmen and travels to sea with a few of his warriors. He has the glass barrel sealed with pitch and tells his men to lift him out of the water after one hour. On a strong chain he descends into the ocean. Here, he sees marvelous fish and creatures; the world under the sea is like the world on earth, with mountains, trees and fruit. After an hour, his men lift him out of the water again, and Alexander writes down all the things he has seen.

Motif References:

P 15.6 King descends to bottom of sea in glass barrel to study ways of fishes [ascends to the sky by griffins]
F 133.0.1 (Bm) Journey to bottom of sea
F 133.1 Marine counterpart to land
F 1022.1 Descent into ocean in glass box
H 1371.2 Quest for the bottom of the sea

GrAlx-5700: Alexander travels on for thirty days; he comes to a plain land which is inhabited by fearsome unicorns; many of Alexander’s men are killed by their sharp horns. Finally Alexander’s warriors shoot many of the beasts, and the rest flee.

Motif References:

B 13 Unicorn

GrAlx-5722: The next country Alexander crosses is inhabited by giant snakes, which have one or two horns.

Motif References:

B 91.3 Horned snake
B 875.1 Giant serpent

GrAlx-5732: In a country near the sea Alexander’s horse Bucifalus dies; the king mourns his faithful horse and has it buried in a sumptuous grave. He orders a city to be built in this place, which shall be called Bucifallen.

Motif References:

Z 703 (Bm) Eponymous account of city’s founding

GrAlx-5754: Alexander travels to the river Tytan. The inhabitants of the country welcome him as their new ruler. He journeys on and leads his army back to Babylonia. In letters to his mother Olimpiadis and his teacher Aristotilis he tells of his adventures and conquests. Aristotilis writes a letter in reply, reminding Alexander that his luck depends on the benevolence of the gods: no mortal man can achieve glory without their help.

Motif References:

GrAlx-5819: Alexander is now the mightiest king that has ever lived. He calls craftsmen and orders them to build a throne for him. He instructs them to build 12 pillars, each in the shape of one of his 12 highest dukes. 12 steps, made of the most exotic jewels, lead to the throne, which is ornate with the best shining jewels. Engraved in the throne are the names of all the kingdoms Alexander has conquered, and that no man on earth is as powerful as Alexander. He also has a crown made of gold and jewels; an inscription on it reads that Alexander’s reign spans all four corners of the world.

Motif References:

P 12.10 King is superior to all in strength, beauty, largeness etc
F 785 Extraordinary throne
F 828 Extraordinary crown

GrAlx-5935: While Alexander is in Babylonia, a woman gives birth to a child that is human from head to navel, but animal below the navel. It has two monkey-like faces, both facing backward, and a member like a grown man. The upper, human half is dead; the lower, animal half is alive. When Alexander sees the child, he sends for Ariolus, who tells him, weeping with grief, that the monster is a sign of Alexander’s forthcoming death: The dead human half signifies a short life; the backward-facing faces signify that Alexander’s kingdom will be separated and split, causing many battles between Alexander’s successors. Hearing this, Alexander weeps, and asks God to spare him from early death; but if this should be God’s wish, he puts himself at his mercy.

Motif References:

F 526 Person with compound body
T 551.5 Child born half man, half fish [animal]
D 1812.5.1.1 Prodigy as evil omen

GrAlx-5997: A Macedonian noble, Antipater, hates Alexander and plans to murder him. He has a deadly poison prepared by a doctor and takes it home and instructs his son Cassander to take the poisonous drink to Antipater’s brother Joban in Babylonia. Joban is Alexander’s cupbearer, who hates Alexander because Alexander had beaten him once without justification.

Motif References:

K 2248 Treacherous minister

GrAlx-6031: Cassander takes the poison to Babylonia, where Alexander has gathered all of his subjects, nobles and peasants alike, for a day. Alexander is seated on his throne; the immeasurably beautiful queen, Rosane is also present, dressed royally with a crown and the finest clothes. The nobles and lords at Alexander’s tables are joyful. The treacherous Joban hides the poison under his fingernails and pours Alexander a cup of wine, mixing the poison in the king’s cup. Then he flees secretly. Alexander immediately notices he has been poisoned. He instinctively knows it was Antipater’s doing, but mourns the treachery of his friend Joban. He muses about the loyalty of his subjects and about Darius’ fate, which was also killed by his own people. Then, with the laments of his nobles, he is brought to bed. The color of his skin changes to green and he demands a feather, to rid himself of the poison by putting it down his throat. But Cassander poisons the feather as well, and so Alexander becomes even sicker.

Motif References:

P 16.0.1 (Bm) Regicide
S 111 Murder by poisoning
M 391 Fulfillment of prophecy
K 929.1 Murder by (leaving) poisoned wine

GrAlx-6146: Alexander is in pain from the deadly poison and ponders over killing himself; Rosane weeps and laments his fate. Alexander says it would be better for him if he were to drown himself, but the queen dissuades him from it: he should honor his unborn child.

Motif References:

GrAlx-6165: Alexander, on his deathbed, assembles his nobles and a scribe, Symo, and has his last will and testament written. In a letter to Aristotilis, Alexander orders him to give a part of Alexander’s treasure to the priests of Egypt, so he will be remembered. He admonishes his nobles to accept his unborn child, if it is a boy, as his heir and to protect his heritage until he is old enough; if it is a girl, he wishes her to be queen of Greece and to marry Ysyas. Pertholomeus shall rule Egypt and India, and Cleophas Persia; his twelve dukes are each entrusted with kingdoms to rule. Finally, as Alexander’s strength is about to fade, he gives his wife Rosane to Perdican; they shall rule Macedon together. Then, Alexander turns towards the wall and dies.

Motif References:

P 16.0.1 (Bm) Regicide
P 17 Succession to the throne
Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]

GrAlx-6259: At Alexander’s death, the earth quakes, there is thunder and lightning. This happens because Alexander has challenged and enraged the elements not only by conquering the whole world, but also by exploring the sky and the sea.

Motif References:

Z 292 Death of hero [heroine]
F 960.2.5 Earthquake at death of important person
F 960.2 Extraordinary nature phenomena at death of holy [pious] person (hero)
F 968 Extraordinary thunder and lightning
F 969.4 Extraordinary earthquake

GrAlx-6284: It was one of Alexander’s greatest deeds to imprison the 10 tribes of Gog and Magog, even more so since he was a heathen; if St. Peter had done it, it would have been marvelous enough. God’s ways are not for man to understand.

Motif References:

GrAlx-6305: Everyone mourns the death of Alexander: his dukes, the nobles, and Rosane weep and lament his death. Rosane becomes pale and tears her hair out in grief.

Motif References:

T 211.9 Excessive grief at husband’s or wife’s death
P 678 Pulling out hair as sign of grief [wringing hands as sign of grief]
F 1041.11.2 Man turns pale, red, blue, etc. from emotion or strain

GrAlx-6323: Pertholomeus prepares a funeral for Alexander. He is laid in a coffin of gold and jewels. Three wise men (maister) approach Alexander’s coffin and consider the transience of mortal glory: yesterday Alexander was the ruler of the world, now he succumbs to death. Whereas yesterday the whole world was not enough for Alexander’s ambition, he now rests within a space of seven feet, and whereas yesterday he was clothed in gold and purple, he is a rotting carcass now. Lamenting his king’s death, Pertolomeus takes Alexander’s body to Alexandria, where he is put in a sumptuous grave made of gold and jewels. Alexander lived for 32 years and seven months; he conquered the whole world in 12 years and died of poisoning.

Motif References:

V 153 (Hi) Heroes’ grave
F 852.2 Golden coffin

GrAlx-6377: This book was translated from Latin to German, as skillfully as the writer was able. Without God’s help, no one can succeed. Since the writer enjoyed the Latin book, he has translated the story of Alexander and how he conquered the world in twelve years, even if the writer’s skill is laughable and incomparable to the masters’. The writer counsels his readers not to be too ambitious and to remember Alexander’s fate. The book was completed in 1397 on St Oswald’s day. This is the end of the book; may God send his mercy on us.

Motif References:

Romances of Antiquity

Der Große Alexander (1397) Guth, G. (ed.): Der große Alexander (Wernigeroder Alexander). (=DTM 13) Berlin 1908.

Der Große Alexander (1397)
Guth, G. (ed.): Der große Alexander (Wernigeroder Alexander). (=DTM 13) Berlin 1908.