HvVEn-1: (17,1) Summary of the initial situation that caused the Trojan War: Paris abducts Helena, king Menelaus’ wife. The king takes revenge by imposing Troy’s siege. Helena the most beautiful of women has been promised to Paris by the goddess of love as reward for his judgment.

Motif References:

R 10.1 Princess (maiden) abducted
P 19.2.1 King [prince] abducts woman to be his paramour.
T 75.2.1 Rejected suitors’ revenge
T 104.1 Rejected suitor wages war
T 481 Adultery
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege

HvVEn-2: The Greeks conquer Troy and rescue Helena, eventually bringing her back to her husband Menelaus.

Motif References:

R 111.1 Princess (maiden) rescued from captor
R 151.1 Husband rescues stolen wife
P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War

HvVEn-3: (18,2) Only one Trojan hero is able to save himself: Eneas, son of goddess Venus.

Motif References:

Z 202 (Bm) Fanciful ancestry of hero
Z 216 Supernatural origin of hero (magic conception)
A 511.1.5 Culture hero son of mortal (half-mortal) father [and goddess mother]

HvVEn-4: (18,24) Menelaus has defeated the Trojans and destroyed their town. The gods demand that Eneas must not defend himself, but save his life and leave the country to travel to Italy the country of the Trojan’s ancestor Dardanus.

Motif References:

A 182.3 God (angel) speaks to mortal

HvVEn-5: (20,33) Eneas asks his people for advice, has his father carried to the ship and takes his son by the hand. He loses his wife before the embarkation.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
R 242 Flight carrying friend (girl) on back [having father carried]

HvVEn-6: (21,16) The wind carries the ships out on the sea. Goddess Juno is angry because of Paris’ judgment, which rewarded Venus with the golden apple.

Motif References:

A 163 Contests among the gods
H 1596.1 Golden apple as prize in beauty contest. Judgment of Paris.

HvVEn-7: (21,32) Juno punishes Eneas for the judgment of Paris by inflicting sea storms, so that the ships wander about for seven years.

Motif References:

Z 71.5 Formulistic number: seven
Q 552.14 Storm as punishment
D 905 Magic storm
F 960.4 Extraordinary nature phenomena at anger of saint [goddess]
F 963 Extraordinary behavior of wind

HvVEn-8: (22,4) In one of the terrible storms one ship sinks and all passengers on board drown. After the storm Eneas and his people eventually see land and they disembark.

Motif References:

Q 552.19 Miraculous drowning as punishment

HvVEn-9: (23,25) After the disembarkation they learn that only seven ships of the twenty have weathered the storm. Eneas sends a troop of scouts, who come to Carthage, ruled by queen Dido. Dido was married to Sychaeus, who had been murdered by her own brother. Dido had take to flight, escaped to Africa and founded Carthage. She had remained faithful to her dead husband until Eneas’ arrival. When the hero leaves Carthage she commits suicide.

Motif References:

P 16 End of king’s reign
P 16.0.1 (Bm) Regicide
S 73.1.0.1 Murder of stepbrother (foster brother)
S 73.2 Person [brother] banishes brother (sister)
R 331 [Christian] Hero takes refuge at [heathen] king’s court
K 2211 Treacherous [half-]brother. Usually elder brother

HvVEn-10: (25,5) Dido traveled with rich cargo ships to Libya and bought so much land from the king as is fitting into a cowhide. Then she had cut the hide into stripes and measured a good part of land founding a town on it.

Motif References:

K 185.1 Deceptive land purchase- ox-hide measure

HvVEn-11: (26,32) Short outline of Carthage: Dido is dedicated to goddess Juno, hoping that Carthage will become the capital city of all kingdoms. She has a temple built, where Juno is worshipped.

Motif References:

V 1.1 Worship of particular Gods and goddesses
V 17.0.1 Sacrifice to deity in order to obtain favors

HvVEn-12: (28,3) The author remarks that the future will prove it: not Carthage but Rome becomes the capital of all capitals. Eneas’ messengers arrive in Carthage and are welcomed by the queen. They relate their story, that the gods have sent Eneas to Italy but Juno made them detour and land in her country.

Motif References:

N 130 Changing of luck or fate

HvVEn-13: (29,28) The Trojan messengers report to Queen Dido of their shipwreck and petition for a friendly reception. Now Dido tells them of her fate as immigrant to show her sympathy; she receives Eneas warmly. She offers him land and people, if he decides to stay for good. Yet if he stays only temporarily she offers all comfort for the time being.

Motif References:

R 331 [Christian] Hero takes refuge at [heathen] king’s court
N 837 Queen as helper

HvVEn-14: (31,31) The messengers return to Eneas. Meanwhile all the ships have arrived. Then Eneas seeks his people’s counsel and they decide to follow Dido’s invitation. Then they ride to Carthage dressed in their best clothes. Dido receives them well. She falls in love because Eneas’ mother Venus and his brother Cupido affect her emotions. Eneas is a demigod, born to Venus and Anchises.

Motif References:

T 15 Love at first sight
A 180 Gods in relation to mortals
A 185 Deity cares for favorite individuals
Z 202 (Bm) Fanciful ancestry of hero
Z 216 Supernatural origin of hero (magic conception)
A 511.1.5 Culture hero son of mortal (half-mortal) father [and goddess mother]

HvVEn-15: (36,13) After the friendly reception Eneas sends messengers to the ships to have his son Ascanius and many costly gifts brought, among them queen Hecuba’s (Paris’ mother) coronation dress.

Motif References:

A 475.1 Goddess of love
D 1355.3 Love charm
D 1900 Love induced by magic

HvVEn-16: (38,2) Venus puts a charm on the boy Ascanius that whoever kisses him has to fall into love-sickness. And Dido falls for Eneas.

Motif References:

D 1794 Magic results from kissing

HvVEn-17: (38,27) But Dido hides her love, because she doesn’t want to be the first to speak up. Her body changes from hot to cold, she is not able to speak and nearly loses her mind. All of Dido’s complaints are due to Cupido’s arrow.

Motif References:

T 24.5 Boy [girl] turns red and white from love
T 24 The symptoms of love
T 24.3 Madness from love
A 475 God of love

HvVEn-18: (39,18) After the splendid meal Dido asks Eneas to tell her about the conquest of Troy. He tells her of Helena’s abduction, the conquest by cunning, of the siege as punishment for the abduction of Menelaus’ wife.

HvVEn-19: (41,17) Eneas lines out that after ten years of siege the Greeks had hidden their warriors in a wooden horse and thus gained entry to the town. Then the Greek army pretended to leave Troy.

Motif References:

K 754 Capture by hiding in artificial animal
K 754.1 Trojan wooden horse
K 2350 Military strategy

HvVEn-20: (42,7) The Trojan king rode to the shore, as soon as he learned of the Greeks departure, and met a Greek warrior in fetters who pretended to be a deserter. The presumed turncoat was a Greek spy, who persuaded the Trojans to pull the wooden horse into their town. The so-called deserter Sinion was sly Ulixes.

Motif References:

K 1835 Disguise for spying
K 2357.0.1 Disguise to spy on enemy

HvVEn-21: (46,1) The Trojans believed Sinon’s alias Ulixes’ story, pulled the wooden horse into town, and celebrated. When they were fast asleep the Greek warriors came out and gained victory over the town. The rest of the Greek army waiting at their ships moved forward and they destroyed Troy. Following the gods’ command Eneas and three thousand men escape to travel to Italy.

Motif References:

A 182.3 God (angel) speaks to mortal
R 220 Flights
K 754.1 Trojan wooden horse

HvVEn-22: (48,5) Eneas’ story ends and Dido longs for a continuation, fearing the lonely night. When Eneas wants to go to sleep, she swoons, and Eneas eagerly hurries to her help. Soon he follows her to her preciously decorated bed chamber with the richly furnished bed. Eneas orders that candles be lighted and they bring so many that the room is ablaze like day. Dido does not yet reveal her love and says farewell for the night.

Motif References:

T 24.5 Boy [girl] turns red and white from love
T 24.1 Love-sickness
T 24.2 Swooning for love

HvVEn-23: (52,10) Dido curses the day on which Paris abducted Helena to cause Troy’s destruction. Because now she looses her mind and honor because of Troy’s decline and her love to Eneas. Despairing she talks to her sister Anna, who advises her to yield to love. But Dido has promised faithfulness to her dead husband. Although she has sworn faithfulness she has fallen in love.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
T 24.1 Love-sickness
M 135 Vow never to remarry
T 211 Faithfulness to marriage in death
T 231 The faithless widow
P 252 Sisters
T 291 Why widow does not remarry

HvVEn-24: (54,27) Anna advises Dido to forget her late husband and tell her her beloved’s name. When she reveals that it is Eneas, Anna praises him and tries to persuade Dido to yield to her love. Then they decide to find out if they are mutually in love. They are not aware that Eneas’ only concern is to reach Italy, because he carefully he hides his plans. Dido treats Eneas with great care but does not declare her love to him. She hopes that the hero will speak up. Exhausted she can’t wait any longer and decides to have a hunting party arranged. Outside of the city gates Eneas and his men await the hunting party. Eneas hold her horse’s bridle, while she carries her multicolored dog. The marvelous dog has a red and a black ear and a black snout.

Motif References:

B 731.6.0.1 Polychromatic dogs

HvVEn-25: (62,15) It is joyous hunt, but at noon stormy weather scares the party guests. Dido and Eneas seek shelter under a tree. Eneas makes good use of situation, and Dido wards him off for only a very short time.

Motif References:

T 30 Lovers’ meeting

HvVEn-26: (64,7) The fulfillment of her love’s desire makes Dido both joyful and desperate. First the couple hides their love, but when it becomes public, they decide to marry. Their relationship insults the neighbor kings, because Dido had rejected them as suitors claiming her oath of faithfulness to her late husband.

Motif References:

M 135 Vow never to remarry
T 231 The faithless widow

HvVEn-27: (65,33) Now the rejected suitors take revenge on Dido by slandering her, but Dido does not take any heed. While Eneas is so much loved and honored in Dido’s kingdom the gods remind him of his mission. He has to fulfill his task if he wants to stay alive.

Motif References:

T 70 Scorned lover [suitors]
T 75.2.1 Rejected suitors’ revenge
N 101 Inexorable fate
A 182.3 God (angel) speaks to mortal

HvVEn-28: (66,25) Clandestinely Eneas prepares for departure. When Dido comes to know that he wants to leave her, she is stricken with despair. Now he scorns her love to obey the gods’ orders. She tries to persuade him, even threatens to commit suicide, swooning in her grief. She accuses him of having only pretended to be emotionally involved.

Motif References:

T 24.2 Swooning for love
T 71 Woman scorned in love
T 71.2.1 Woman scorned in love complains of man’s coldness
T 72 Woman won and then scorned
F 1041.21.7 Swooning from grief

HvVEn-29: (73,5) But Eneas’ departure is inevitable because the gods demand the fulfillment of the task. Desperate Dido suffers only her sister’s presence and sends her on an errand after a while. The sister has to fetch a healer, who is able to cure her from her love madness.

Motif References:

T 24.1 Love-sickness
N 101 Inexorable fate

HvVEn-30: (74,27) Dido tells her sister that it is her own fault for having fallen in love with Eneas. She burns all his gifts, even the bedspreads. Only his precious sword is left. Then she lowers herself into the sword and jumps into the flames.

Motif References:

P 16.3.0.1 King [queen] commits suicide
T 80 Tragic love
T 81.2 Death from unrequited love
F 1041.21.8 (Bm) Suicide from grief

HvVEn-31: (78,15) When the sister returns she finds Dido dead. A precious urn holds her ashes, the richly adorned coffin has Dido’s story engraved. Meanwhile Eneas feels very sad about the separation although he doesn’t know of Dido’s suicide. At the anniversary of his father’s death he arrives at his father’s burial place.

Motif References:

V 65 Commemoration of death
V 69 Funeral rites – miscellaneous

HvVEn-32: (81,40) During the night his dead father appears before him on the gods’ demand to soothe him and give him advice.

Motif References:

E 327 Dead father’s friendly return
A 528 Culture hero has supernatural helpers
N 731 Unexpected meeting of father and son
N 810 Supernatural helpers

HvVEn-33: (81,21) The dead Anchises advises Eneas to take the brave warriors with him and the weak are to remain at his burial site. Before he is destined to Italy he has to descend to the lower world to meet his father. There he will reveal his future.

Motif References:

F 81 Descent to lower world of dead [hell}
F 81.1.2 Journey to land of dead to visit deceased
M 302.3 Descent into hell [lower world] to learn future
E 323.4 Advice from dead mother [father]

HvVEn-34: (82,14) The father suggests that Eneas should seek advice from the Sybil of Cumae. She will guide him to the underworld. The Sybil of Cumae has allegedly written the Sybilinic books and reached the age of a thousand years.

Motif References:

F 159.4 Demon guide to otherworld journey

HvVEn-35: (82,30) At dawn the father has to leave, but when leaving he reminds his son of his advice, then he vanishes. Eneas is glad for having seen his father again but scared of the underworld. Eneas tells his companions about his father’s visit but not of his demand that he should go to the underworld. For the weaker of them they build a fortress. Eneas meets Sybil. Her most ferocious appearance is described in detail. She is extraordinarily old.

Motif References:

F 571 Extremely old person
D 732 Loathly lady

HvVEn-36: (85,36) Eneas greets Sybil who thanks him in a friendly manner. Then he tells her his origin and his task. Sybil agrees to guide him because he comes in respect to the gods’ demand.

Motif References:

F 159.4 Demon guide to otherworld journey
N 825.3 Old woman helper
H 971.1 Task performed with help of old woman

HvVEn-37: (86,32) But before they start their quest Eneas has to bring a magic bough. Only the chosen of the gods’ are able to find it. The gods bring him there, where the marvelous bough is to be found. After that Sybil gives him an herb against the stench of hell.

Motif References:

N 817.0.1 God as helper
D 954 Magic bough
D 965 Magic plants
D 1380.2 Tree (plant) protects

HvVEn-38: (88,34) Magic herbs shall protect Eneas against the stench of hell. An ointment protects him against the hell fire. His sword provides light.

Motif References:

F 833 Extraordinary sword
F 833.4.1 Sword shines as fire or as the sun
D 1081 Magic sword
D 1244 Magic salve (ointment)
D 1654.4 Incandescent sword

HvVEn-39: (89,15) Clandestinely they set off in the night. After a while they reach a deep stinking foul-smelling pit. A burning river runs through this border to hell.

Motif References:

F 142 River of fire as barrier to otherworld
F 158 Pit entrance to otherworld

HvVEn-40: (90,8) Every human being has to cross this border after death and has to suffer judgment. Pluto is the judge in the underworld with his wife Proserpina at his side. At the bottom of the pit they notice naked figures wandering about. The underworld is world of the soul’s torture. They suffer great cold at the shore of the burning river and wild animals attack them. Sybil explains the cause of the suffering. It is the punishment for those who committed suicide. They have suffered the worldly death but not the final. They reach the river Phlegethon with Charon as ferryman, who has a ferocious appearance. Phlegethon is one of the five rivers of the underworld.

Motif References:

F 93.0.1.1 Ferryman to lower world
F 141.1 River as barrier to otherworld
F 150.2 Entrance to other world guarded by monsters (or animals)
Q 211.5 Suicide punished
A 300 Gods of underworld
E 481.1 Land of dead in lower world
Q 560 Punishments in hell
Q 567 Punishment by cold in hell
A 671 Hell- Lower world of torment
A 672.1 Ferryman on river in lower world (Charon)
A 675 Judges in the lower world

HvVEn-41: (92,30) Charon only takes those of the wandering souls, who have fulfilled their penance. Charon’s body is covered with hair, he has a head like an animal of prey, fiery eyes, and eyebrows sharp like thorns. He has claws on hands and feet, a dog’s tail and red long teeth.

Motif References:

F 510 Monstrous persons
F 521.1 Man covered with hair like animal
F 526 Person with compound body
F 541.1 Flashing eyes
A 672.1.1 Charon exacts fee to ferry souls across Styx

HvVEn-42: (94,11) Now they want to cross the river with the ferryman. Eneas is not allowed to speak and has to pass the bough to Sybil. Charon doesn’t appreciate the task of ferrying a living human being across the river. He has taken Phocus who abducted the gatekeeper, Orpheus who attempted to bring back his wife by playing his harp. Sybil orders Charon who complains to keep silent and tells him of Eneas’ whereabouts and that the gods protect him. Then she shows the magic bough and immediately Charon is soft as a lamb and ferries them over.

Motif References:

F 93.0.1 Boat to lower world
C 400 Speaking tabu
E 481.2.2 Boat to land of dead
N 817.0.1 God as helper
D 953 Magic twig
D 1400 Magic object [twig] overcomes person

HvVEn-43: (95,30) They reach the other shore where Eneas watches many souls drinking from a river. Sybil explains that everybody who drinks the water Oblivion from the river Lethe forgets his former life.

Motif References:

A 672 Stygian river [Lethe (forgetfulness)]
D 1242.1 Magic water
D 2004.3.1 Forgetfulness by drinking

HvVEn-44: (96,21) Sibyl warns Eneas of the total darkness, but he is able to give light by flashing his sword.

Motif References:

F 80.1.2 Darkness of lower world
F 159.4 Demon guide to otherworld journey
F 833 Extraordinary sword
F 833.4.1 Sword shines as fire or as the sun
F 965.3 Impenetrable darkness
D 1081 Magic sword
D 1654.4 Incandescent sword

HvVEn-45: (97,10) They arrive at hell’s gate, guarded by Cerberus. The hellish dog has three heads, fiery eyes, fire-spitting mouth, and a stink rises from his nose and ears, glowing teeth covered with fur where snakes dwell. Instead of nails he has claws, he is foaming a bitter hot foam.

Motif References:

B 15.7.10 Animal unusual as to skin
B 15.7.1 Cerberus
F 150.2 Entrance to other world guarded by monsters (or animals)
G 361.1.2 Threeheaded ogre
G 363.1 Ogre with flaming mouth
F 540 Remarkable physical organs
A 671.1 Doorkeeper of hell
A 673 Hound of hell. Cerberus.

HvVEn-46: (98,13) When seeing the two humans approaching, the gatekeeper becomes mad with anger. Eneas is dismayed and Sybil charms the monster into sleep with her words, and they are free to pass.

Motif References:

D 1273 Magic formula (charm)
D 1364.22 Sleep-charm

HvVEn-47: (99,7) They cross the gate and come upon the unborn infants, who suffer great pain. The second group are those who have died because of their love. They meet Dido who has to suffer in hell, having committed suicide because of her scorned love to Eneas.

Motif References:

T 81.2 Death from unrequited love
E 755.2 Souls in hell (Hades)

HvVEn-48: (100,1) Now they meet those who have died in battle, among them many Trojans. Eneas turns his head in shame having forsaken them. Then they see a big town with the stinking burning river Phlegethon flowing out. From the town they hear wailing and crying.

Motif References:

A 671.2.2.3 Rivers of fire [sulphur] in hell
A 672 Stygian river [Lethe (forgetfulness)]
F 715.6 River that burns like fire

HvVEn-49: (101,35) Sybil explains that now they have approached the real hell. The souls dwelling there are tortured eternally by the lord of the hell, Rhadamantus. He is judge over the souls.

Motif References:

A 300 Gods of underworld
A 310 God of the world of the dead
E 481.9 King of world of the dead

HvVEn-50: (102,15) Description of torture in hell.

Motif References:

F 80.1.2 Darkness of lower world
Q 560 Punishments in hell
Q 562.3 Souls tormented in hell (alternately borne up to firmament and) cast down to depths
Q 566 Punishments by heat in hell
F 965.3 Impenetrable darkness

HvVEn-51: (103,36) Sibyl herself has been guided by Tisiphone. She has never seen anything like it, which has been so awesome. Rhadamantus continuously counts off their misdeeds and tortures them endlessly. Tantalus suffers up to his neck in water, but he is neither able to drink nor to eat, although he is shown the most marvelous delicious food. The giants are tortured, the vultures eat the heart of Tityos according to Minos’ rules. Now they have passed hell and Sybil demands that Eneas leaves the bough as mark.

Motif References:

Q 501.2 Punishment of Tantalus
Q 560 Punishments in hell
D 953 Magic twig
D 1313.5.2 Reed [bough] as direction-finder

HvVEn-52: (106,26) Then Eneas and Sibyl come upon a most beautiful place, Elysium, where Eneas meets Anchises to learn the future. Anchises praises Eneas for having undertaken the tiresome crossing of hell. The gods will reward him with fame.

Motif References:

Q 37 Reward for carrying out dead man’s request
F 81.1.2 Journey to land of dead to visit deceased
Q 84 Reward for stoic endurance of pain
Q 113.0.1 High honors as reward
A 151 Home of the gods
P 233 Father and son
H 1410 Fear test: staying in frightful place

HvVEn-53: (107,14) Anchises praises Eneas for having undertaken tiresome crossing of hell. The gods will reward him with fame and success.

Motif References:

C 500 Tabu- touching

HvVEn-54: (107,21) On the Elysian river Anchises shows Eneas the future. Pain and joy, future battles, foundation in Italy, offspring by the beautiful Lavinia, the founding of the cities, Alba Longa, his son Silvius, the whole lineage until Romulus, who founds the mighty Rome, to which all countries pay tribute. Then he tells Eneas how he will know that they have arrived at the destined shore: when they have to disembark because of lack of provisions and will eat the bowls instead of food.

Motif References:

M 301.11 Spirit as prophet
M 302.3 Descent into hell [lower world] to learn future
M 310 Favorable prophecies
F 1099.8 Man meets (sees) his future descendants

HvVEn-55: (110,19) Anchises has ended his prophecies. Eneas and Sybil bid him farewell. Sybil guides Eneas back to his men and there she leaves him.

Motif References:

F 101 Return from lower world
A 566 Culture hero returns to upper world

HvVEn-56: (110,31) Eneas and his warriors sail over the sea and land at the mouth of the river. They prepare a meal and form bowls out of bread, which are eaten after the meal. Now Eneas is convinced that this is the destined country. But to gain land they have to communicate with the country’s inhabitants.

Motif References:

N 118.1 Ship’s course left to the winds that it might be carried where fate wills it
M 358 Prophecies connected with journeys
M 391 Fulfillment of prophecy

HvVEn-57: (113,24) Eneas sends his messengers (head messenger, Illioneus) to the king of the country Latinus. They present precious gifts and are invited.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
P 320 Hospitality

HvVEn-58: (115,1) Latinus is overjoyed receiving the gifts and rewards them with precious gifts. He tells the messengers that Eneas is welcome. The gods have prophesied him that his daughter will marry Eneas, who will be king after him.

Motif References:

Q 114.2 Gifts as reward for gifts
A 178 God as prophet
M 314.4 Prophecy of future empire for fugitive hero
P 324 Host greets guest with gifts [Welcome and parting gifts]
M 331 Prophecy: princess to marry prince [hero]

HvVEn-59: (116,20) But because of the queen’s advice and against his will, his daughter has been promised to Turnus.

Motif References:

P 20 Queens
T 97 Father opposed to daughter’s marriage [sweetheart]
P 232 Mother and daughter
P 234 Father and daughter

HvVEn-60: (117,1) The king considers her destined to marry Eneas, whatever Turnus’ intentions may be. The messengers say farewell. Meanwhile Eneas has chosen a hill’s slope as fitting for the fortress they want to build. Eneas prays to the gods for help.

Motif References:

P 14.10 Kings have seat on hills
A 185 Deity cares for favorite individuals
A 185.6 Deity particular friend to one mortal
A 185.2 Deity protects mortal
Z 202 (Bm) Fanciful ancestry of hero
Z 216 Supernatural origin of hero (magic conception)
A 511.1.5 Culture hero son of mortal (half-mortal) father [and goddess mother]
N 817.0.1 God as helper

HvVEn-61: (118,20) After a council they build the fortress at the chosen slope and call it Montalbane. When it is finished Eneas sees the messengers approaching who bring the good news that he is most welcome. They light a bonfire as sign of gratitude to the gods.

Motif References:

M 391 Fulfillment of prophecy
P 634 Feasts
H 1133 Task: building castle (fort)

HvVEn-62: (120,36) The queen is angry about her husband’s decision. She loathes Eneas as homeless unworthy and faithless man. Because of him Dido had to die. Furthermore the promise to Turnus is binding. King Latinus tells her that he never wanted to promise Lavinia to Turnus. Now the queen accuses the king of being unfaithful to Turnus. The king tries to soothe her by explaining that the gods have destined Lavinia and Eneas for each other.

Motif References:

T 22 Predestined lovers
K 2114 Man falsely accused of infidelity

HvVEn-63: (125,20) The queen becomes mad with rage. Then she writes a letter to Turnus telling him what has happened, making sure he supports her.

Motif References:

P 20 Queens
F 1041.16 Extraordinary physical reaction to anger

HvVEn-64: (126,9) When Turnus becomes aware of his rival in love he grows angry accepting the queen’s advice to drive the immigrant back. Turnus refuses to give up the marriage to Lavinia and the kingdom. The king has broken his promise and he will enforce his claim.

Motif References:

W 175 Changeableness
M 205 Breaking of bargains and promises
Q 266 Punishment for breaking promise

HvVEn-65: (127,35) He considers Eneas unworthy who fled with all those cowards from Troy. Eneas who did not defend Troy behaved like a coward; Turnus will defend his future wife and country.

Motif References:

T 75.2.1 Rejected suitors’ revenge
K 2114 Man falsely accused of infidelity

HvVEn-66: (128,37) Turnus announces that he will fight to carry out the given promise. He will wage war for his bride and his land.

Motif References:

T 104.1 Rejected suitor wages war

HvVEn-67: (129,34) Turnus sends messengers with letters to summon a big army and find warriors for his battle with Eneas. Meanwhile Eneas fortifies his fortress Montalbane against Turnus’ army.

Motif References:

P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
J 740 Forethought in provision for shelter

HvVEn-68: (130,30) Ascanius, son of Eneas rides out hunting and kills a tame deer with enormous antlers, which has been brought up by a virgin. The deer used to come every evening to Tyrrhus’ castle serving him as candelabrum with his antlers.

Motif References:

B 15.3.3 Deer with giant antler
B 256.3 Deer makes its horns available as a bookholder to a saint [as a candelabrum to the owner of the castle]
B 443.1 Helpful deer
B 574 Animals as domestic servants
B 771.1 Animal [deer] tamed by maiden’s beauty

HvVEn-69: (130,35) At the hunt the tame deer was driven in front of Ascanius, who hunted it down.

Motif References:

B 192 Magic animal killed
B 331 Helpful animal killed through misunderstanding

HvVEn-70: (133,20) The wounded animal flees to the castle, falling down dead at the porch. The castle lord and his daughter mourn the animal. When Ascanius in pursuit of the deer arrives they want to kill him as punishment and attack the hunting party. One of the Trojans is killed, Ascanius wants to take revenge. He strikes the eldest son of Tyrrhus thus killing him. Immediately the youngest son tries to avenge his brother charging Ascanius, who saves himself by taking to flight.

Motif References:

Q 211.6 Killing an animal revenged
N 300 Unlucky accidents
N 330 Accidental killing or death
N 334 Accidental fatal ending of game or joke [hunt]

HvVEn-71: (135,6) Ascanius and his hunting party escape because of their horses, shelter behind a rock and send messengers to Eneas for help.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
P 233 Father and son
R 316 Refuge on rock (in sea)
N 838 Hero (culture hero) as helper

HvVEn-72: (136,6) When confronted with an overpowering force, the attackers retreat to their castle. Ascanius and his warriors conquer the castle.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering

HvVEn-73: (137,17) The Trojans roam the country taking booty, thus gathering provisions for Montalbane. They know that they will be under siege. Turnus complains to the king about the marauding Trojans, promising to take revenge on Eneas for Tyrrhus and his family.

Motif References:

Q 200 Deeds punished
Q 211 Murder punished
Q 270 Misdeeds concerning property punished
P 557 Military customs

HvVEn-74: (139,29) Latinus tries to mollify Turnus by telling him the facts, but Turnus grows angry. He complains to the queen, who promises support forming an alliance with Turnus against the Trojans.

Motif References:

J 400 Choice of associates
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

HvVEn-75: (142,24) A grand army gathers at Laurentum. 140,000 (seven times 20,000) warriors, among them many nobles. Lausus, Mezzentius’ son, is extraordinarily handsome.

Motif References:

P 551 Army
F 575 Remarkable beauty
F 575.2 Handsome man

HvVEn-76: (143,20) Aventius, the son of Hercules, who killed the Nemeian lion, carries a shield with lion skin. The skin is to protect against attack.

Motif References:

Z 202 (Bm) Fanciful ancestry of hero
A 511.1.5 Culture hero son of mortal (half-mortal) father [and goddess mother]

HvVEn-77: (144,1) The Duke of Praeneste, the count of Pallante, Messapus son of Neptunus owns magic horses, which only live four years. The mares conceive by the sea breeze. All fight for Turnus.

Motif References:

Z 71.2 Formulistic number: four
B 184.1 Magic horses
Z 202 (Bm) Fanciful ancestry of hero
B 700 Fanciful traits of animals
B 754.6.1 Unusual impregnation of animal

HvVEn-78: (145,13) After them come Clausus, lord of the Sabinians then the Barbarians from Apulia, the Latinians. At last Camilla and her army of Amazons arrive. Camilla the Amazon queen is of extraordinary beauty, wears a marvelous garment and a belt like a knight. She is the queen of the Volsker and supports Turnus. She leads an army of virgins.

Motif References:

P 20 Queens
P 551.1 Army of young men [virgins]
F 565.1 Amazons. Women warriors
F 575.1 Remarkably beautiful woman
F 821 Extraordinary dress (clothes, robe, etc.)

HvVEn-79: (148,5) Although Camilla communicates quite freely with the knights during daytime, no man is allowed to come to her tent quarters by night. She owns a marvelous horse that a moor had sent her from overseas. Its mane and one ear are snow white, its neck black, the head and one leg are red, the other legs are pale, its flanks multicolored. Camilla has a wonderful multicolored bridle and an ivory saddle ornate with jewels.

Motif References:

M 132 Vow of virginity
B 731.0.1 Animals of strange and varied coloring
F 868 Extraordinary saddle
D 1714.1 Magic power of chaste women

HvVEn-80: (149,38) Their camp is a mile wide. Turnus summons the nobles, thanks them for coming, asking their advice. He tells them that the princess Lavinia has been promised to him but when Eneas arrived the king suddenly changed his mind and promised her to Eneas, who has conquered a castle, burned the country and killed its people. On top of the hill the immigrants have built a fortress.

Motif References:

P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
F 873.2 Enormous army (camp)

HvVEn-81: (152,31) First King Mezzentius speaks up giving his advice to act sensibly and let the law court decide. If Eneas refuses to accept the verdict, they have the right to attack him.

Motif References:

P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war

HvVEn-82: (153,39) Messapus disagrees claiming to drive the Trojans out of the country. Now the majority of the nobles votes for a war against the Trojans. Eneas learns of his enemies’ plans and prepares the fortress for the siege. He has the castle fortified, takes in provisions and maps out a strategy of defense.

Motif References:

P 550 Military affairs
K 2350 Military strategy

HvVEn-83: (157,9) To protect her son against attack Venus asks Volcanus for a harness. As reward Venus offers her love, which she has denied her husband for seven years as revenge for exposing her love affair with Mars.

Motif References:

Q 100 Nature of reward
Q 200 Deeds punished
A 511.1.5 Culture hero son of mortal (half-mortal) father [and goddess mother]
A 528 Culture hero has supernatural helpers
N 817.0.1 God as helper

HvVEn-84: (158,4) Volcanus trapped the lovers with an extraordinarily fine invisible net. The lovers had to remain in the same position and were exposed to the other gods as proof of their adultery.

Motif References:

A 164.2 Adultery among the gods
F 847 Extraordinary web [net] (of guts)
D 1196 Magic net
D 1411 Magic object binds person (animal)
K 1563 Husband traps wife and paramour with magic armor
D 1982 Certain objects invisible

HvVEn-85: (159,5) Volcanus forges the mail which protects against attack, he makes unpierceable trousers, a helmet which makes invincible, and a golden flower with a ruby as helmet crest.

Motif References:

D 1101 Magic [part of] armor
D 1101.4 Magic helmet
D 1344.13 Magic (golden) helmet renders invulnerable
D 1381.10 Magic [part of] armor protects from attack
D 1381.10.3 Magic unpierceable helmet
D 1400.1.17 Magic helmet gives victory

HvVEn-86: (160,18) The sword is even better that Ecke’s and all the other famous swords and is unbreakable and invincible. The pommel is made of gold and enamel adorned with jewels.

Motif References:

F 833 Extraordinary sword
D 1081 Magic sword
D 1081.1 Sword of magic origin

HvVEn-87: (161,4) Eneas carries a golden unpierceable shield made of the most beautiful material with a painted lion ornate with jewels: emerald, ruby, topaz, sardine, chrysolite, Amethyst, garnet, sapphire.

Motif References:

F 824.2 Extraordinarily painted shield
D 1101.1 Magic shield

HvVEn-88: (162,16) The flag is woven by Goddess Pallas when competing with Arachne. When Pallas wins Arachne turns herself into a spider.

Motif References:

D 181 Transformation: man [goddess] to spider
A 451.3.1 Goddess of weaving and spinning
A 2091.1 Arachne transformed to spider: vies with goddess in spinning
D 2183 Magic spinning

HvVEn-89: (162,39) After the flag is finished Venus keeps her promise and spends the night with Volcanus. A messenger takes the mail to Eneas telling him to form an alliance with King Euander of Pallateum, who is also an immigrant and has built a settlement on the Pallatin.

Motif References:

Q 45.4 Revenge given up as reward for hospitality [for industry]
Q 100 Nature of reward
A 185 Deity cares for favorite individuals
A 185.2 Deity protects mortal
A 185.6 Deity particular friend to one mortal
N 817.0.2 Goddess as helper

HvVEn-90: (164,7) Eneas seeks the counsel of his vassals concerning allies. When he informs them of his mother’s plans they approve and he prepares for the journey. He advises the remaining troops how to defend the fortress. The fortress holds enough provisions and he promises to return within four days.

Motif References:

P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
K 2350 Military strategy

HvVEn-91: (167,4) Then he bids farewell to his son and departs. After a night and a day he arrives at Pallanteum, where today the city of Rome is located. At his arrival they celebrate to honor Hercules, because it is the anniversary of his killing a ferocious beast.

Motif References:

H 1224 Quest to distant king for military aid
A 1541.2 Origin of feast in honor of certain god

HvVEn-92: (169,14) Pallas, Euander’s son notices the incoming ships and welcomes the strangers. Eneas carries an olive branch as sign of peace.

Motif References:

Z 157 Olive [palm] branch symbol of peace [victory]

HvVEn-93: (169,33) Pallas accepts it and brings them to his father, King Euander, who welcomes Eneas, when learning of his descent. He has known Eneas’ father Anchises, who gave him many precious gifts; therefore he greets Eneas with gifts. Then he promises the alliances with his son and troops. Young Pallas has his dubbing ceremony the following morning.

Motif References:

P 53 (Bm) Obtaining knighthood
P 54 (Bm) Knighting custom
Q 114.2 Gifts as reward for gifts
P 320 Hospitality

HvVEn-94: (172,3) King Euander publicly swears an oath of allegiance Then they celebrate. Eneas calls up his musician for the occasion. After that they worship the gods with offerings. Euander sends out messengers to announce a dubbing ceremony for the other day: Every squire who desires knighthood is invited to come. Many squires join and after the celebration the king sends 10 000 knights with Eneas.

Motif References:

P 54 (Bm) Knighting custom

HvVEn-95: (174,32) Euander provides provisions for one and a half years. Turnus learns of Eneas’ departure and believes that he has taken to flight. Taking the opportunity he gives his orders for ambush.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

HvVEn-96: (175,11) But the Trojans stick to Eneas’ orders by making the fortress inaccessible and defend it. Ascanius acts very bravely during the attack. Turnus surrounds the fortress with his horse realizing that it is inaccessible. The entrances have very deep moats as defense. Although there is one accessible entrance, it is fortified.

Motif References:

Z 316 Only one way to besiege certain city

HvVEn-97: (177,25) Turnus grows very angry and gives orders to the foot soldiers to begin the attack. Many of them die. Therefore Turnus orders the retreat.

Motif References:

P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

HvVEn-98: (178,39) While retreating, Turnus notices the Trojan ships on the Tiber. Angrily he orders to burn the ships to cut the Trojans’ possibility of escape.

Motif References:

R 244 Ships burned to prevent flight

HvVEn-99: (179,33) After the defeat Turnus spends the night with his allies with eating, drinking, music, games, and dancing. All get drunk and fall asleep.

Motif References:

P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]

HvVEn-100: (180,23) Eneas’ gatekeepers Euryalus and Nisus watch the party. While they attack Turnus’ camp they both get killed. Euryalus wears a helmet, and unfortunately the glittering metal gives him away and he is killed. Nisus proposes to sneak into the drunken party and kill many. He promises to come back at dusk.

Motif References:

P 310 Friendship
P 311 Sworn brethren
K 871.2 Slaughter of drunken enemies in banquet hall [army-camp]
K 910 Murder by strategy
K 2350 Military strategy

HvVEn-101: 182,7) Euryalus wants to join Nisus and they tell Ascanius their plan.

Motif References:

P 310.1 Friends want to divide good and evil

HvVEn-102: (183,9) Well armed they sneak into the enemy camp and kill two hundred men in their drunken sleep. They come upon the soothsayer Rhamnes, who had prophesied that Nisus would kill him.

Motif References:

M 341.1 Prophecy: death at (before, within) certain time
M 391 Fulfillment of prophecy
K 871.2 Slaughter of drunken enemies in banquet hall [army-camp]

HvVEn-103: (184,9) At dusk Euryalus slips into Messapus’ tent, where he notices a precious helmet, which he takes and puts on his head.

Motif References:

W 151 Greed
N 300 Unlucky accidents

HvVEn-104: (184,24) On the way back to Montalbane they meet Count Volcens, Turnus’ ally. He asks the two about the Trojans, if they all have disappeared. They panic and take to flight. They are captured in the forest because the glittering helmet betrays them to their pursuers.

Motif References:

K 401.1.1 Trail of stolen goods [shining of stolen helmet] made to lead to dupe

HvVEn-105: (185,15) Euryalus is captured first and Nisus seeing him in fetters goes mad with rage. He kills one of Volcens’ men. Volcens takes revenge by killing Euryalus. Again Nisus kills some more of the count’s men. But he eventually has to yield to the overpowering force and is killed.

Motif References:

P 315 Friends offer to die for each other
J 494 Choice: death and revenge preferred to life

HvVEn-106: (186,34) Volcens refuses to separate the inseparable companions and orders to take the heads with them. Then they proceed to Turnus’ camp. They notice the deceased casualties but as soon as the heads, one with Mesappus’ helmet are brought they recognize the slayers.

Motif References:

HvVEn-107: (187,31) For the two heads they erect gallows. When the Trojans see the heads swinging they mourn their companions.

Motif References:

P 555.2.1.1 ”Publication of slaying”. Heads of slain enemies displayed
P 681 Mourning customs

HvVEn-108: (188,6) In order to gain access to the fortress, Turnus orders filling up the moats.

Motif References:

K 2350 Military strategy

HvVEn-109: (188,20) When the Trojans notice that their enemies fill the moats with wood, they set fire to the wood thus defending their fortress.

Motif References:

HvVEn-110: (188,37) Then Turnus orders filling the moats with soil. Catapults and towers are set and they prepare for assault.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 552.4 War-machines
K 2350 Military strategy

HvVEn-111: (189,28) Many Trojans are injured. Ascanius has a hard time to keep the men fighting. On the watchtower two very brave Trojans are posted: Helenor and Lycos. When Turnus tries to segregate the tower from the battle, many warriors are wounded, but Helenor and Lycus are able to escape and kill many of Turnus’ men. Now Turnus orders the burning of the watch tower and the brave heroes are killed. Ascanius takes revenge on Turnus by killing his brother in law, Remulus.

Motif References:

K 2350 Military strategy

HvVEn-112: (194,1) Turnus grows wild with rage and orders a second assault. Now they try to conquer the bridge. Two giant brothers watch over it, Pandarus and Bitias, who kill many enemies. But eventually the giants are seized.

Motif References:

Z 261 Giant heroes
F 531 Giant
F 531.5.10 Giant as servant to man
F 771.5.2 Castle guarded by giants (ogres)
N 812 Giant or ogre as helper

HvVEn-113: (195,35) Turnus arrives with a thousand knights with spears and they engage in a furious battle, where many are killed.

Motif References:

F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

HvVEn-114: (196,24) Turnus gains the upper hand and access to the fortress. But one of the giants closes the door behind him so he is captive between door and walls with a few people. All are killed, except Turnus. Because the giant Pandarus had remained outside his brother opens the door for him; but he is followed by Turnus who cuts off his leg. The giant falls into the moat breaking his neck. Pandarus has received deadly wounds. The battle is over and the Trojans return to their fortress.

Motif References:

F 531.6.12.6 Giant slain by man
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]

HvVEn-115: (198,35) The next morning Turnus and his army return to the fortress. The Trojans defend themselves and watch Eneas coming with a mighty army. Their cheering betrays them to Turnus. Heavily armed Eneas and Pallas ride in front, three thousand men follow. They encounter Turnus who leads his army.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 557 Military customs

HvVEn-116: (200,15) Challenge to single combat between Pallas and Turnus.

Motif References:

P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
P 556.0.1 (Bm) Challenge to single combat [feud]
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvVEn-117: (202,5) Eneas joins the battle and kills many. He is supported by the defenders of the fortress. All fight bravely, many casualties. Afternoon some of the Trojans loose heart and want to leave but Pallas follows them persuading them not to give up the fight, but to stand up against Turnus.

Motif References:

F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

HvVEn-118: (204,38) Turnus overhears his words and grows angry. Again he challenges to single combat. Turnus is almost defeated, falls to the ground but cuts Pallas with his sword under his protective mail and he dies.

Motif References:

W 121 Cowardice

HvVEn-119: (206,21) All mourn the honorable death of the brave hero Pallas. Turnus steals a ring from Pallas’ corpse. It is the ring which Eneas had given his friend Pallas.

Motif References:

V 69 Funeral rites – miscellaneous
W 157 Dishonesty
N 270 Crime inevitably comes to light
P 548 Miscellaneous legal customs [problems]

HvVEn-120: (207,37) From a nearby ship Turnus is attacked by a missile. To avenge himself he sets off for the ship. The shooter hides in the bilge, but Turnus finds and kills him. Back on the deck Turnus notices that the anchor is loose and the ship drifts away.

Motif References:

N 310 Accidental separations

HvVEn-121: (208,37) Turnus laments his fate, because his companions might think that he has taken to flight like a coward. One day and one night the strong wind sets Turnus adrift to the open sea. But then the south wind drives him back and he embarks at his father’s castle thus saving him from Eneas’ revenge. While he looks for Turnus on the battlefield, Eneas kills many. He wounds Mezzentius deeply, so that he has to be carried away from the battle field.

Motif References:

F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

HvVEn-122: (212,22) When his son Lausus learns it, he charges Eneas. But Eneas defeats him in single combat and kills him. When Mezzentius hears of his son’s death, he forgets his injuries and challenges Eneas, but is killed as well. The battle ends at nightfall. In Turnus’ camp the rumor spreads that Turnus has disappeared with destination unknown. His allies decide to offer a two week truce. Aventius is chosen to bring the message to Eneas. If Turnus does not return they agree to accept the marriage between Eneas and Lavinia and Eneas is to have the kingdom of Latinus. While they have truce they perform their funeral rites by burning their dead.

Motif References:

V 69.1 All dead are buried after battle
P 558 (Bm) Truce
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

HvVEn-123: (216,11) Eneas has a wonderful funeral bier made for Pallas, to bring him back to his father. The bier is made of ivory and covered with silk ornate with jewels and adorned with red velvet. Eneas swears an oath of revenge.

Motif References:

M 161.2 Vow to revenge (king, friends, father, [husband, queen]) (or die)
P 310 Friendship
P 681 Mourning customs

HvVEn-124: (218,20) Pallas was a hero full of virtues: he was brave, wise, faithful, generous, etc. Eneas has all the horses brought, which Pallas had conquered together with the shields and armor of the knights he had killed. When king Euander and the queen learn of their son’s death they are deeply moved. They all mourn, the queen accuses the gods.

Motif References:

P 230 Parents and children
P 681 Mourning customs

HvVEn-125: (220,39) Pallas is laid out on the pyre like a king and is buried in the grave dedicated to his father. It is a lavish tomb, lightened by a ruby lamp. The lamp burns until the day when Friedrich Barbarossa discovers Pallas’ grave. Then the wind extinguishes the light. Turnus can hardly await the end of the truce. King Latinus refuses to support him any longer and sets up a council with his vassals.

Motif References:

P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
F 826 Extraordinary jewels
F 969.3 Marvelous light
D 1645.1 Incandescent jewel
D 1652.11 Ever-burning candle [light]

HvVEn-126: (229,2) Latinus wants to bring Eneas a proposal for peace, bearing in mind Eneas’ divine descent and fearing the revenge of the gods. He offers him Toscana as fealty. But if Eneas decides to leave, he offers him vessels and provisions.

Motif References:

P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)

HvVEn-127: (230,5) Drances answers that it is inevitable to make peace but Eneas and Turnus have to fight in a single combat against each other. The winner will get the daughter and the kingdom.

Motif References:

T 92.7 Rival lovers do battle for girl

HvVEn-128: (232,26) All except Turnus are convinced. Turnus insults Drances calling him a coward, but agrees to the single combat. Drances replies that he is not eager to send his men into battle to have Turnus gain advantages, and he will get himself killed. Again Turnus votes for the single combat. When Latinus decides to send a messenger to the Trojans they learn that the Trojans have set off with an army which leads to more battles.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War

HvVEn-129: (236,19) Camilla and her amazons fight extraordinarily bravely. Turnus tells her that he has sent out spies to find out Eneas’ whereabouts. Turnus leaves Messapus as support with Camilla.

Motif References:

P 557.0.2 (Li) Spy. Messenger
F 565.1 Amazons. Women warriors

HvVEn-130: (238,23) In search of Eneas Turnus rides to the forest and orders his men to hide themselves. Both in their hideout, Turnus and Eneas, wait for the best time to attack. Meanwhile Camilla engages in a furious fight. She kills many Trojans. When Orsilochus kills Larina, the Trojans learn that the Amazons are not supernatural as they have assumed, but mortal women. The Trojan knight Tarcho insults Camilla by telling her that her place would be more fitting in the love battle than on the battle field. Wild with rage she defeats and kills Tarcho. Two Trojans try to take revenge, but are killed. One Trojan, Arruns, watches Camilla but because he is not strong and brave enough, he retreats from the fight.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 550 Military affairs
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

HvVEn-131: (243,18) The next opponent is the Trojan priest Chloreus. He wears a precious helmet Camilla is longing for. She defeats the priest, dismounts the horse in order to untie the helmet of the dead warrior. But the treacherous Trojan Arruns kills her. The virgin Tarpeia takes revenge by killing the traitor.

Motif References:

P 55 Wild man of noble birth
W 151 Greed
Q 211 Murder punished
Q 261 Treachery punished
P 556.0.1 (Bm) Challenge to single combat [feud]

HvVEn-132: (244,39) Camilla is mourned by her army, who carry her corpse into the fortress Laurentum. When Turnus learns of Camilla’s death he grieves and returns to the fortress.

Motif References:

P 681 Mourning customs

HvVEn-133: (245,38) Eneas observes that Turnus and his men retreat. He decides to attack the fortress. King Latinus pleads for a six week truce and Eneas grants it.

Motif References:

P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
P 558 (Bm) Truce
K 2350 Military strategy

HvVEn-134: (248,39) Turnus organizes the funeral rites, has Camilla’s corpse dressed preciously and accompanies the funeral procession personally. Camilla herself had ordered her own tombstone by the master builder Geometras.

Motif References:

V 65 Commemoration of death
Z 200 Heroes
P 681 Mourning customs

HvVEn-135: (256,11) The end of the truce is near. Therefore Turnus and King Latinus have a council. Latinus pleads for a peaceful solution of the conflict warning Turnus of Eneas who is the god’s protégé. But Turnus insists on the single combat.

Motif References:

T 92.7 Rival lovers do battle for girl
N 817.0.1 God as helper

HvVEn-136: (259,20) Latinus sends two messengers to Eneas with the challenge to single combat. Eneas agrees and in front of witnesses they swear the single combat, which is set in a fortnight’s time.

Motif References:

T 92.7 Rival lovers do battle for girl
P 677 Customs connected with dueling

HvVEn-137: (260,7) Discourse about love by the queen and Lavinia. The queen instructs Lavinia about the ways of love. She advises to reject Eneas but love Turnus. Then she lectures to her about the nature of love. No one is able to ward off the power of love. Her weapons are heat and cold, sleeplessness, lack of appetite. Love is stronger even than the fever or the plague.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
T 24.5 Boy [girl] turns red and white from love
T 24.1 Love-sickness
T 24.2 Swooning for love
T 24.3 Madness from love
T 24.6 Lover refuses food and drink
T 24 The symptoms of love
P 233 Father and son

HvVEn-138: (263,10) Lavinia is scared hoping that love will not strike her. But the queen assures her that after the laborious beginning of falling in love happiness is on the way.

Motif References:

T 2 The relative pleasures of love

HvVEn-139: (264,19) The queen shows Lavinia Amor’s image in the temple, who carries a box in one hand in the other two arrows. One arrow is made of gold. Whoever is stricken with this suffers great pain. Who is hit by the arrow made of lead, does not fall in love. The box contains an ointment to heal the wounds of love.

Motif References:

A 475 God of love

HvVEn-140: (265,32) The queen repeatedly advises that Lavinia is to love Turnus. But Lavinia refuses to promise, because she doesn’t want to fall in love. The queen leaves her daughter angrily.

Motif References:

P 232 Mother and daughter

HvVEn-141: (266,19) While they are talking, Eneas and a few of his warriors come near the walls of the fortress. Accidentally Lavinia glances at him and immediately falls in love. Venus has hit her with a pointed arrow into the center of her heart. The goddess Venus destined Lavinia and Eneas for each other.

Motif References:

T 10 Falling in love
T 15 Love at first sight
T 22 Predestined lovers
A 475.1 Goddess of love

HvVEn-142: (267,38) Lavinia suffers all the pains her mother has prophesied her. She feels hot and cold, becomes pale and blushes, and nearly swoons.

Motif References:

T 24.5 Boy [girl] turns red and white from love
T 24.1 Love-sickness
T 24.2 Swooning for love
T 24 The symptoms of love

HvVEn-143: (268,9) In a long monologue Lavinia describes her pain. Eneas is the most handsome, valiant man in the whole world. She pays dearly for having seen him. Cupido, Amor and their mother Venus have hit her. She wishes that she could fall in love with Turnus at the same time, but curses her own confused emotional imbalance.

Motif References:

A 475 God of love

HvVEn-144: (272,8) She wonders why Eneas doesn’t fulfill her desires and what she has done to the love gods who punish her, denying her relief.

Motif References:

T 2 The relative pleasures of love

HvVEn-145: (276,26) When Eneas rides away, she nearly swoons, but glances in his direction for hours. She muses how she could inform him of her love. When no useful thought crosses her mind, she suffers the lack of appetite, sleeplessness. The next morning she is so pale that she attracts her mother’s attention.

Motif References:

T 24.5 Boy [girl] turns red and white from love
T 24.1 Love-sickness
T 24.2 Swooning for love
T 24 The symptoms of love

HvVEn-146: (279,18) The queen inquires and immediately knows that her daughter suffers the pains of love. Then Lavinia admits that she has fallen in love at first sight with a man, but not with Turnus.

Motif References:

P 232 Mother and daughter

HvVEn-147: (281,38) The queen demands the name, the ashamed Lavinia cuts the name into a wax tablet. The mother curses her and asperses Eneas as homosexual.

Motif References:

T 463 Homosexual love (male)
K 2110 Slanders
K 2111.0.1 Telling a story to allay woman’s amorous desires

HvVEn-148: (283,26) Lavinia defends Eneas, telling her mother that she is only able to love Eneas because Venus his mother has stricken her with love for her son.

Motif References:

A 475.1 Goddess of love
D 1355.3 Love charm
D 1900 Love induced by magic

HvVEn-149: (284,23) The queen leaves Lavinia in a rage. The latter begins a monologue about love. She wonders why she fell in love with a man, who doesn’t even know that she is in love with him. She muses how she can tell him her feelings without exceeding propriety. She writes him a letter declaring her love.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
T 41 Communication of lovers

HvVEn-150: (287,1) She fastens the letter to an arrow and asks a squire to shoot the arrow in Eneas’ direction.

Motif References:

Z 175.2 Lover’s assignation by symbolic [secret] messages
K 1872.3 Love letter hidden in apple [scarf, roses]

HvVEn-151: (288,5) She persuades the squire that it is necessary to shoot because the Trojans plan an assault on Laurentum. But the squire refuses to shoot because then he would break the truce. But finally Lavinia persuades the squire. Eneas finds the letter, greets Lavinia and immediately falls in love. His men mock him.

Motif References:

T 10 Falling in love
T 15 Love at first sight

HvVEn-152: (291,10) The moment Eneas looks at Lavinia’s eyes and lips Amor shoots his arrow and his mother Venus plants the love into his heart.

Motif References:

A 475.1 Goddess of love
A 475 God of love
D 1355.0.1 Magic spear [bearing love letter] produces love-sickness

HvVEn-153: (291,20) Now Eneas is love sick, he looses his appetite, becomes sleepless and feels cold or hot.

Motif References:

T 24.5 Boy [girl] turns red and white from love
T 24.1 Love-sickness
T 24 The symptoms of love

HvVEn-154: (292,30) Eneas grows restless, when he realizes that he is love sick. He is convinced that his brothers Cupido and Amor and his mother Venus are angry with him. Eneas fears that he will grow weak and therefore not be able to fight Turnus.

Motif References:

T 24.1 Love-sickness

HvVEn-155: (294,7) Eneas speaks with Love, asking her why she weakens men. He was convinced that love can’t touch him, but now he begs Venus for strength. Eventually he realizes Dido’s pain, when he had left her. Eneas regrets having mistreated Dido.

Motif References:

T 0 Love
T 80 Tragic love
T 81.2 Death from unrequited love

HvVEn-156: (296,24) Eneas is desperate although he has only read Lavinia’s letter and looked at her. Amor has marked his heart with an arrow.

Motif References:

F 831 Extraordinary arrow [and quiver]
D 1092 Magic arrow

HvVEn-157: (296,40) For those injuries there is no ointment, no cure. Eneas curses the moment he fell in love.

Motif References:

T 0 Love

HvVEn-158: (297,10) But immediately Eneas curses his own thoughts, can hardly await dawn, remains sleepless, builds air castles and destroys them. Then he muses how he can possibly show Lavinia his love. He plans to subdue Turnus to prove his love to Lavinia. This idea calms him and he falls asleep and oversleeps until noon. Lavinia gets up early hoping to meet Eneas. When he doesn’t show up she regrets that she has revealed her love to him. Then she grows angry and curses Eneas, even suspects him being homosexual.

Motif References:

T 24.1 Love-sickness

HvVEn-159: (303,29) In the afternoon Eneas rides to Laurentum. As soon as Lavinia sees him she puts aside her anger because Eneas is the most handsome, valiant man in the whole world. When he greets her graciously, she forgets her anger. They exchange glances until sunset.

Motif References:

T 24 The symptoms of love
H 82.3 Tokens between lovers

HvVEn-160: (306,35) Soon the day of the single combat between Turnus and Eneas comes. King Latinus rides on a green plain where a circle is staked out for the combat.

Motif References:

T 92.7 Rival lovers do battle for girl
H 331.2 Suitor contest: tournament

HvVEn-161: (307,40) They spread silk throws to lay down the images of the gods on which Eneas and Turnus have to swear. Eneas justifies his ambitions in an address. To be on the safe side, he asks Latinus and his nobles whether it is justified to challenge Turnus to battle.

Motif References:

W 35 Justice
M 100 Vows and oaths
M 114 Oath taken on sacred object
M 119.2 Swearing by (clan) gods

HvVEn-162: (308,29) His ancestor Dardanus has been a mighty duke in this country. Then Fortuna has sent him to the country of Troy, where the town was named Troy after Dardanus’ son Tros. Because Paris abducted Helena, Menelaus’ wife, Troy came under siege and was defeated. His relatives the gods demanded his flight to save his life. By telling his life story Eneas hopes that his challenge is justified and acknowledged.

Motif References:

P 50 Noblemen (knights) [rules of chivalry]

HvVEn-163: (309,15) In King Latinus’ country he is received well and his daughter Lavinia and the kingdom is promised him on oath. Turnus tried to obstruct the fulfillment of the oath, therefore one of them has to die. Latinus had promised his daughter to both of them.

Motif References:

M 101.3 Death as punishment for broken oath
M 201 Making of bargains and promises

HvVEn-164: (309,26) Eneas demands that, if he survives that the princess and kingdom are his; in case of his defeat he asks for free conduct for his son Ascanius and his retinue. He is granted his wish. Turnus’ men grow angry and are determined to fight the Trojans in spite of the single combat’s outcome.

Motif References:

W 212 Eagerness for combat

HvVEn-165: (311,34) So they charge the Trojans and before the single combat even has started, they engage in a furious battle.

Motif References:

F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

HvVEn-166: (312,29) When King Latinus learns about the battle, he takes his favorite god and flees in dismay. Eneas, observing the flight jumps unarmed on his horse and rides to the battle field. He tries to separate the fighting troops but in vain. Eneas is wounded by a poisoned arrow. The top of the arrow sticks in his arm.

Motif References:

N 332 Accidental poisoning
F 831.3 Poisoned arrows

HvVEn-167: (313,37) Ascanius carries his wounded father off the battlefield. The famous healer Japyx pulls out the arrow and Eneas soon recovers. The healer dresses his wound with herbs.

Motif References:

P 233 Father and son
P 424 Physician
F 959.6 Marvelous cure for poison

HvVEn-168: (314,31) Turnus is overjoyed when he learns of Eneas’ injury and violently attacks Eneas’ army. One of the Trojans, Neptanabus, rebukes Turnus telling him that the Trojans will always remain loyal to Eneas. The furious Turnus kills the faithful Trojan.

Motif References:

W 157 Dishonesty
Q 395 Disrespect punished
Q 411 Death as punishment

HvVEn-169: (318,6) Again Turnus summons his troops and attacks the Trojans. The Trojans are aware of their defeat and retreat. But suddenly Eneas in full armor storms on the battlefield and Turnus takes to flight. But Eneas pursues him killing many with Volcanus’ sword.

Motif References:

W 121 Cowardice
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
D 1081 Magic sword
D 1081.1 Sword of magic origin

HvVEn-170: (320,7) Eneas drives Turnus back into town and demands setting the moats on fire. To king Latinus’ dismay the battle rage increases.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault

HvVEn-171: (320,26) When Latinus complains, Turnus again demands the single combat with Eneas. The king has notified Eneas who agrees. The king orders to have the battle stopped. The decision of the matter is the single combat.

Motif References:

P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)

HvVEn-172: (321,7) Eneas and Turnus ride to the field of combat. Latinus demands hostages as pledge for not taking revenge.

Motif References:

P 677 Customs connected with dueling

HvVEn-173: (321,40) Lavinia watches the preparations for single combat. She is desperate because she has not given a love token to Eneas.

Motif References:

HvVEn-174: (323,24) Lavinia recommends Eneas to her gods but denies their worship, if Eneas is killed. She threatens to kill herself if Eneas dies and swears never to marry another man.

Motif References:

M 132 Vow of virginity
M 149.2 Vow to die rather than marry unwelcome suitor

HvVEn-175: (324,15) Eneas and Turnus engage in a furious single combat. First they fight on horse, then with spears. After dismounting the horses they charge each other with their swords.

Motif References:

T 92.7 Rival lovers do battle for girl
H 1561.2 Single combat to prove valor

HvVEn-176: (326,15) Eneas has the best weapons: helmet, armor, sword, shield manufactured by Volcanus.

Motif References:

D 1081 Magic sword
D 1101 Magic [part of] armor
D 1101.4 Magic helmet
D 1101.1 Magic shield
D 1381.10.3 Magic unpierceable helmet

HvVEn-177: (327,17) Nevertheless Eneas gets in dire straits. But one glimpse of Lavinia gives him strength. He fights furiously but Turnus is an equal opponent. But the champion is predestinated. There is no chance at all for Turnus. The gods have destined Eneas and Lavinia for each other, therefore Eneas is to win, Turnus to lose.

Motif References:

T 22 Predestined lovers
T 41 Communication of lovers

HvVEn-178: (328,26) Turnus strikes an extraordinarily heavy blow on Eneas’ head, but his magic helmet saves him. The strike breaks Turnus’ sword, he defends himself with a stone and a broken lance, but is defeated finally.

Motif References:

P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]

HvVEn-179: (330,11) Turnus pleads for mercy. The compassionate Eneas wants to grant it. But when he reaches out to give Turnus his hand he sees Pallas’ ring on his finger. Eneas grows furious because Turnus wears his slain enemy’s ring, Eneas’ dear friend. Furious he kills Turnus. All mourn the hero Turnus.

Motif References:

H 84.4 Stolen ring as proof of daring theft
W 151 Greed
W 157 Dishonesty
Q 211 Murder punished
P 310.2 Friends avenge each other
Q 411 Death as punishment

HvVEn-180: (332,27) Eneas demands Lavinia, but Latinus advises to wait, then he will have a proper wedding ceremony. Lavinia watches Eneas return to his camp and thinks he doesn’t love her.

Motif References:

T 130 Marriage customs

HvVEn-181: (334,1) Eneas rewards his men with gifts, out of gratitude for the gods who had mercy on him. Although exhausted, Eneas is not able to sleep thinking of Lavinia.

Motif References:

T 24.1 Love-sickness
T 24 The symptoms of love
V 70 Religious feasts and fasts

HvVEn-182: (335,33) Early next morning Eneas sends his messengers to invite the nobles to the wedding feast in Laurentum. King Latinus is invited. Eneas does homage and worships the gods as it is the custom. Then he tells Latinus that now he will visit Lavinia, which is granted. Eneas and his retinue dress elegantly and proceed to the court under musical accompaniment, where they are received well.

Motif References:

T 130 Marriage customs
T 132 Preparation for wedding
T 133.4 Bridegroom and his men come for the bride

HvVEn-183: (338,27) Latinus conducts Eneas to his daughter and demands that he kiss her, which he would have done without demand. The lovers have a joyful conversation. All people in Laurentum celebrate. All rooms are adorned with wall hangings and carpets. The lovers kiss and Eneas gives Lavinia a golden ring.

Motif References:

T 134 Conduct of bridal couple before ceremony

HvVEn-184: (340,30) Lavinia’s governess admonishes Eneas to watch over Lavinia. Eneas promises gifts if the governess watches over Lavinia in the future. Eneas rides to his camp demanding that his chamberlains reward the ladies with gifts.

Motif References:

Q 114 Gifts as reward
T 136.4 Gifts at wedding

HvVEn-185: (342,4) When the queen learns of the celebrations she grows furious, because she disapproves of her daughter’s wedding with Eneas. Lavinia tries to calm her mother but in vain. The queen goes to her bed and doesn’t leave it until her death.

Motif References:

T 131.1.3 Marriage against will of parents
P 232 Mother and daughter
F 1041.21.1 Illness from excessive grief
F 1041.9.1 Going to bed for sorrow
F 1041.1.3 Death from sorrow or chagrin

HvVEn-186: (344,5) Eneas visits his bride every day until their wedding day.

Motif References:

T 132 Preparation for wedding
T 134 Conduct of bridal couple before ceremony
T 136 Accompaniments of wedding

HvVEn-187: (344,15) The wedding celebration is attended by the nobles, minstrels and entertainers. Eneas is crowned king, Lavinia queen. The guests enjoy food and drinks, music, dances and singing. Many gifts are presented. The minstrels do homage to the king, all in their languages.

Motif References:

P 13.5 Crowning [and making] of kings
T 135 Wedding ceremony
T 136.1 Wedding feast
T 136 Accompaniments of wedding
T 136.4 Gifts at wedding
T 136.3 Amusements at wedding

HvVEn-188: (347,13) The wedding feast lasts for one month and is nearly as pompous as the Mainz dubbing ceremony, when emperor Friedrich dubbed two of his sons. Eneas and Lavinia lead a happy life.

Motif References:

T 200 Married life
T 210 Faithfulness in marriage

HvVEn-189: (349,2) Latinus commits his reign to Eneas.

Motif References:

P 17.0.2 Son succeeds father as king
P 261 Father-in-law

HvVEn-190: (349,14) Eneas founds Alba Longa, which he commits, after Latinus’ death, to his son Ascanius.

Motif References:

A 546 Culture hero establishes social system

HvVEn-191: (349,33) The offspring are mentioned: Silvius, who is born in a forest, as Eneas’ father had prophesied. Silvius’ son is named Silvius Eneas, and resembles Eneas the Trojan. Silvius Eneas has two sons the famous Romulus and Remus, who found Rome. From Romulus’ family Julius Caesar is born, who was assassinated. Under the reign of emperor Augustus Christ is born.

Motif References:

Z 200 Heroes

HvVEn-192: (352,19) The author reveals his working method. He translated the story from French, but stopped at Lavinia’s letter to Eneas. He gave the manuscript to the countess of Kleve and unfortunately his manuscript was stolen. When the countess married the Count of Thuringen, it was stolen because the countess’ maid did not watch it properly. The countess was furious that the count had sent it to Thuringen; but there the author met the Count of Saxonia who gave him a book with the order to finish the story. The author followed the instructions and finished his story for the Count of Thuringen with the name of Hermann von der Neuenburg bei der Unstrut.

Motif References:

Romances of Antiquity

Heinrich von Veldeke, Eneis (1170/74) Schieb, G./Frings, T. (ed.): Heinrich von Veldeke, Eneide. 3 vols. (=DTM 58) Berlin 1964.

Heinrich von Veldeke, Eneis (1170/74)
Schieb, G./Frings, T. (ed.): Heinrich von Veldeke, Eneide. 3 vols. (=DTM 58) Berlin 1964.