StrAlx-1: Pfaffe Lamprecht is the author of the poem about Alexander, son of Philippus, as it is known from the book of Maccabeans. Elberîch’s of Bisenzo French poem is the source of this translation (any mistake is due to the source!). When writing his book, Elberîch thought of Salomon musing about the world’s transitoriness (vanitatum vanitas). Idleness does not suit man well, so the tale begins:

Motif References:

StrAlx-37: There has never been a king who conquered so many countries, defeated so many other kings and was as rich as Alexander. Only Salomon was so outstanding. The regina austri visited him at his court and praised his highness. But Alexander was a heathen.

Motif References:

P 12.10 King is superior to all in strength, beauty, largeness etc

StrAlx-83: Some liars say that Alexander is the son of a magician. Alexander is in fact the son of king Philippus of Kriechlant and Macedonien, whose ancestor Omin fought and defeated king Xerse. Olympias is Alexander’s mother. Her brother was the Persian king who was also called Alexander. He was a proud and courageous warrior.

Motif References:

Z 202 (Bm) Fanciful ancestry of hero

StrAlx-125: At Alexander’s birth: earthquake, thunder, heavy rain, the sun darkens.

Motif References:

Z 292 Death [birth] of hero [heroine]
F 960.1.1 Extraordinary nature phenomena at birth of royalty
F 960.1.1.1 Thunder report at birth of king
F 960.1.2.1 Extraordinary precipitation at birth of hero
F 961.1.9 Eclipse of sun at important historical events
F 968 Extraordinary thunder and lightning
F 969.4 Extraordinary earthquake

StrAlx-139: In three days Alexander grows as fast as other children in three months.

Motif References:

T 585 Precocious infant
T 615 Supernatural growth

StrAlx-149: Alexander’s hair is red and ruffled like that of a fish. It is very thick and frizzy like the curls of a lion.

Motif References:

F 555.4 Very thick hair

StrAlx-158: One of Alexander’s eyes is blue like a dragon’s eye: this was caused by bad visions his mother had while she was pregnant with him. His other eye is black like a griffin’s.

Motif References:

F 512 Person unusual as to his eyes
F 541.6 Eyes remarkable as to colour
T 576 Prenatal influences

StrAlx-167: Alexander is well-proportioned and very handsome. During his first year, his strength and stature grow as much as other children’s in three years.

Motif References:

F 575.3 Remarkably beautiful child
T 585 Precocious infant

StrAlx-181: Alexander has knightly and princely manners (generosity towards guests). He is educated by very wise men in wisdom and warfare: The first teaches him Latin and Greek, reading and writing (at this time Alexander was still a little child); the second teaches him music (playing the harp and lyre). The third educator teaches him all about the distances between sun, moon and earth (geometry). Aristotiles, the fourth educator, teaches him astronomy (like mariners use it to find their way), and the fifth all about fighting (the use of weapons, defense). The sixth teaches him the law. By then, he is 12 years of age. He never lies nor betrays anyone.

Motif References:

P 12 Character of kings
W 24 Man speaks no evil [lie]
J 141 Youth educated by seven [six] sages
J 152 Wisdom (knowledge) from sage (teacher)
T 585 Precocious infant
T 615.3 Precocious wisdom [virtue]

StrAlx-262: Alexander threw one of his teachers into an abyss because of a lie. Many liars say that this man was his father.

Motif References:

Q 263 Lying (perjury) punished
P 340 Teacher and pupil

StrAlx-270: King Philippus’ mare [Bucival] is an impetuous, aggressive, quick horse. Her snout is like the snout of an ass with wide nostrils. Her ears are long and her head is narrow and thin. Her eyes have the color of those of a flying eagle. The fur on her neck is curled like a lion’s mane, her thighs are covered with hair of cattle. Her flanks show patches of a leopard. She is the best horse that has ever existed.

Motif References:

B 15.7.10 Animal unusual as to skin
B 15.1 Animal unusual as to his head
B 15.5 Animal unusual as to his nose (snout)
B 15.4 Animals with unusual eyes
B 731.2.1 Horse with crimson mane and green legs [Polychromatic horse]

StrAlx-294: The horse, called Bucival, is so aggressive that it has to be chained and is kept in a stable. Nobody dares to come near it. Only persons whose lives are forfeit are given to it.

Motif References:

B 16.1.3 Devastating horse
Q 416.1 Punishment: trampling (kicking) to death by horses

StrAlx-308: A messenger tells Philippus that the one who is able to ride the horse will be his, Philippus’, successor to the throne. One day, when Alexander passes by the stable, he hears the horse neigh and rave and enquires about it. Ptolomeus tells him that this is the wild mare Bucival, who bites everybody who comes near her. Alexander breaks the door of the stable. When Bucival feels him come near, she kneels down. Alexander caresses the mare, then mounts her and rides out of the stable.

Motif References:

P 11.1 Choice of kings by divine will
B 16.1.3 Devastating horse
H 41.7 Task: to ride horse whereby one becomes king
H 71.10 Marvel as sign of royalty
H 171.3 Horse indicates election of emperor
H 172.1 Horse will permit only certain man to ride him
Z 201.1 (Bm) Hero’s famous horse
B 771.6 (Bm) Only hero able to tame wild horse

StrAlx-378: When king Philippus learns about his son’s exploit, he is very proud. Bucival gets a golden bridle with jewels. Father and son take each other by the hand, and Philippus tells Alexander that he will be king. Alexander, now fifteen years old, requires to be knighted. Philippus gives him precious weapons.

Motif References:

P 17.0.2 Son succeeds father as king
P 53 (Bm) Obtaining knighthood
F 899 Other extraordinary objects

StrAlx-434: Alexander refuses to be called king before he has won himself a kingdom and another king’s crown. So he assaults king Nicolaus of Cesarea and defeats him. He takes his crown and returns home.

Motif References:

P 19 Other motifs connected with kings
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault

StrAlx-452: At his return, Alexander learns that his father has repudiated his mother and taken another wife, Cleopatra. Alexander crowns Philippus with king Nicolaus’ crown but reproaches him for repudiating Olympias and committing adultery with Cleopatra. Alexander says that the person who gave this advice has done badly.

Motif References:

T 232 Woman deserts husband for unworthy lover [Husband repudiates wife for another woman]
P 233.9 Son chastizes father for scorning mother

StrAlx-482: It was the knight Lysias, who introduced Cleopatra to Philippus. As he mocks Alexander, the youth knocks out his teeth with a goblet.

Motif References:

S 164 Mutilation: knocking out teeth
Q 288 Punishment for mockery

StrAlx-498: Philippus, leaping up from the table in rage, falls over and breaks his leg. [Lacuna 509 – 958]

Motif References:

P 12.13 King quick to anger
N 397 Accidental self-injury

StrAlx-959: [Lacuna] Alexander sends messengers to ask the inhabitants to submit to him. He promises to let them live and leave if they do, but threatens them with destruction and death if they do not. They tell him that they neither need nor fear him, but offer to give him everything of their own will.

Motif References:

M 500 (Bm) Threats
P 550 Military affairs

StrAlx-991: Alexander blushes with anger and sits down infuriated. He again sends three of his princes as messengers. They are hanged by the leaders of the town.

Motif References:

S 113.1.2 Prisoners taken in war (enemy’s messengers) hanged

StrAlx-1029: Alexander assaults Tiryus with ships from the sea. 100,000 Tiryans defend their town. The blood of the men of Alexander’s army reddens the sea. His ships founder because of the wind Boreas, and many men drown. Alexander stops the assault.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle

StrAlx-1077: Alexander chooses another strategy: He gives his carpenters orders to build catapults and wooden towers. He sends 11,000 men to the mountain of Lybanus to fell cedars for the building of fortifications. Lybanus is a mountain in Arabia, where the Jordan originates. This is the same forest that king Salomon bought from king Hyram for the price of half Galilee, because he preferred the trees for the building of houses and ships. The wood of these trees never rots, neither in rain nor in snow.

Motif References:

P 552.4 War-machines
F 812.7 Boards of wood from certain forest endure forever

StrAlx-1109: More than 1000 of Alexander’s men are killed by Arabians – who support Tiryus – in the Lybanus region. Alexander instantly comes to help them with 4000 men and leaves his army near Tiryus in the hands of the dukes Glatte and Perdix.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)

StrAlx-1137: During Alexander’s absence, the inhabitants of Tiryus start an assault against Alexander’s army and burn down one of the fortification towers. They kill and capture many men. Those who do not manage to flee jump into the sea and stay on the sea-bottom. They are found alive when the foundations are opened. Alexander’s two dukes assault the town, 200 warriors die, but also many Tiryans die.

Motif References:

F 691 Man can breathe nine days under water [People survive under water for one day]

StrAlx-1187: Siege and battle of Tiryus: Alexander returns to Tiryus. He has the ships bound together and has them covered with skins to prevent water from entering. These ships transport the siege towers made of the longest trees they have. They attack the walls of Tiryus with steel implements. Combat begins. Both sides use missiles, the sea turns red from blood. Since the siege towers of the Greeks are higher than the towers of the town, the Greeks manage to break the walls. Then, Alexander gives the order to assault the town.

Motif References:

P 552.4 War-machines
P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

StrAlx-1247: Alexander’s shield is made of ivory, his helmet is unpierceable. He kills the duke of Tiryus, then jumps on the pinnacles together with 4000 warriors. Many warriors die from the jumps or from the strain of breaking the walls of the town. Furious fighting continues inside the town. Many warriors die, streams of blood flow.

Motif References:

F 824 Extraordinary [part of] armor
F 839.2 Extraordinary shield

StrAlx-1296: Alexander kills many men. His breast-plate is bated with dragon-blood, it is horny and hard.

Motif References:

B 11.2.13 Blood of dragon
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
F 824 Extraordinary [part of] armor

StrAlx-1307: The earth is covered with thousands of corpses. The Tiryans fight ferociously, break through the Greek lines outside the castle and return, killing many of Alexander’s men.

Motif References:

StrAlx-1331: Since the Greeks are still under heavy bombardment from the three towers situated on the town gates, Alexander sends for reinforcement troops and has 72 catapults erected on his counselor’s advice. Those are divided into three units and are used to throw “Greek fire” (only Alexander knows how to make it) – which burns in water – into town. Thus, they succeed in burning down towers and stones and finally overcome the enemy. The Greeks break open the the city gates.

Motif References:

P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 882 Extraordinary fire
F 964.4 Blazing stick continues to burn even in water
D 1271 Magic fire
D 1672 Unquenchable fire

StrAlx-1385: Alexander orders the razing of the towers that stayed intact. He has 3000 of the richest citizens captured, blinded and hanged to avenge the hanging of his three messengers. In this battle, Alexander lost more warriors than Tiryus had inhabitants.

Motif References:

Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
Q 413.4 Hanging as punishment for murder
Q 451.7.4 Blinding as punishment for murder

StrAlx-1402: Tiryus is destroyed now. The town was once founded by king Apollonius, who was chased away by king Antioch for solving his, Antioch’s, riddle in a letter: Antioch has intercourse with his own daughter. Tiryus is also the town where Chananea asked the Lord to free her daughter from an evil spirit.

Motif References:

T 411 Father-daughter-incest
H 540.3 King propounds riddles
Z 703 (Bm) Eponymous account of city’s founding
D 2176.3 Evil spirit exorcised

StrAlx-1422: Darius learns from a man who was able to flee from Tiryus that Alexander blinded and hanged many Tiryans and then had the town burned down. He urges the king to support Tiryus.

Motif References:

StrAlx-1438: Correspondence between Darius and Alexander: Darius, who underestimates Alexander, sends him three gifts to show him his disdain: a child’s ball, two shoe-laces and a little piece of gold in a box. In a letter he explains the gifts: The ball means that Alexander had better play with children than burn and hang Darius’ men. The shoe-laces are to remind him of the daily service he owes Darius (like his ancestors), as a shoe-lace is something used every day. The gold signifies the tribute that Philippus paid to Darius every year. Alexander should live on this gold until he returns home, so that he need not plunder. Darius threatens to have Alexander flogged with a rod if he does not obey.

Motif References:

Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
Z 174 Message or orders given symbolic action
M 500 (Bm) Threats
H 607 Discussion by symbols

StrAlx-1488: Alexander is infuriated when he reads the letter and gives orders to hang the messengers. One of them cleverly argues him out of doing so: Alexander himself would not accept it if his messengers were killed. He confirms that there is no king as extraordinary as Alexander.

Motif References:

P 14.15.2 Court messenger
J 1675 Clever arguing with a king

StrAlx-1510: Alexander pardons the messengers. He returns them the gold with these words: Darius acts like a dog that flees barking loudly when he hears a sound in the night. Alexander interprets the presents of Darius in another way: The ball means that Alexander should rule over the whole world. The shoe-laces were to signify that Darius would subject himself to Alexander. The gold symbolized that only Alexander is entitled to collect tribute from Darius and his subject countries. Alexander writes this answer in a letter. He also tells Darius that he will give him a three-month’ respite, then he will cross the Euphrates with 100,000 men to come to Babylon. If Darius wants to keep his tribute to him, he must pay with his head. If he, Alexander, flees from war, he swears that he will never be joyful, and lose his goods and honor.

Motif References:

Z 71.1 Formulistic number: three
Z 174 Message or orders given symbolic action
M 500 (Bm) Threats
H 607 Discussion by symbols
J 1600 Practical retorts – miscellaneous

StrAlx-1578: Darius is very angry when he reads Alexander’s letter. He swears by his kingdom to bring Alexander down. He sends a letter to Marius and Tybotes, two of his dukes, and tells them to block Alexander’s way and to bring him bound, but alive before him. If Alexander wants to be the highest being on earth, he should be so, but on the gallows.

Motif References:

M 150 Other vows and oaths

StrAlx-1612: The two dukes object: Darius acts unreasonably when he wants them to capture a man who has already conquered Jerusalem, Tiryus, Rome, Egypt and Carthage and many other castles that once belonged to Darius. Darius should act with foresight, so that he does not come to harm.

Motif References:

P 50.0.1 King and vassals: obligations of vassals to king [Feudality: mutual relationship between king and vassals]
J 651 Inattention to danger

StrAlx-1643: When Darius receives Marios’ and Typotes’ message, he is infuriated and sends duke Mennes with 100,000 men against Alexander. He lets the two dukes know that he will punish them and their families if they let Alexander cross the river. So the two dukes call up 40,000 warriors.

Motif References:

P 551 Army

StrAlx-1682: Alexander and his army cross the river. Furious battle starts when they reach the opposite bank. 1000 Greek warriors die before Alexander joins the fight. Riding on Bucival, he is very quick and strong and kills many men.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

StrAlx-1711: Duke Mennes collects 1000 warriors around him for protection. Alexander breaks through them. Single combat between Alexander and Mennes (first on horseback, then on foot with swords; swords emit fire-sparks).

Motif References:

P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
P 552.1 Battle-pen. Warriors fight in circle around leader

StrAlx-1738: When Mennes knocks down Alexander, the king loses his helmet. As Jubal, one of Mennes’ warriors, perceives the Greek king’s unprotected neck, he lifts his sword to slay him. At that moment, Daclym, one of Alexander’s warriors, cleaves him in two with his sword, thus saving Alexander’s life. He then puts Alexander’s lost helmet on his king’s head and encourages Alexander, who is still dizzy from the blow, to return into battle.

Motif References:

F 628.2.10 Strong man cleaves horse and rider in two [kills horse and rider at one pole-blow]
N 852 Soldier [warrior] as helper

StrAlx-1811: Alexander returns into battle. The expression in his eyes frightens his enemies. Regaining consciousness, he thanks Daclym for helping him. Alexander fights on ferociously, mowing down the enemy like grass. He kills an immense number of men.

Motif References:

F 628.2 Strong man kills men
F 1041.16.6 Extraordinary physical reactions of angry warriors in battle

StrAlx-1830: The battle is compared to two famous battles: First, to the battle of Wulpinwerde, where Hagen and Wate fought each other and where Hilde’s father died. But neither Herwîch nor Wolfwîn fought as ferociously as Alexander. Second, to the Trojan war as known from the songs (Troiâre liede): Even the brave warriors Achilles, Hector, Aiax and Nestor, who killed thousands of men, cannot be compared to Alexander.

Motif References:

F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

StrAlx-1849: During the short period of Alexander’s unconsciousness from Mennes’ blow, the Persian duke Pynchun took Alexander’s banner. Alexander demands it back, Pynchun threatens him with death and wounds the Greek king above the eyebrow. Alexander returns the blow, cutting off Pynchun’s head.

Motif References:

P 550 Military affairs

StrAlx-1887: When Mennes approaches, Alexander gives him a blow on the arm, which is so hard that it also damages the lung. Mennes dies, the Persians flee from battlefield.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]

StrAlx-1905: Once Alexander’s wounds have healed, he continues his war against Darius. Alexander plunders and burns down the castle of Sardis.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault

StrAlx-1917: Sardis is one of the seven castles mentioned in the book Apocalypse, where St John was sent by God. When Darius hears about the fall of the castle Sardis, he reacts like a vain man. He short-sightedly does not see that his insolence will topple him. He swears to have Alexander hanged on a tree and eaten by the birds within 14 days.

Motif References:

M 150 Other vows and oaths
W 187 Insolence [Self-conceit]
J 651 Inattention to danger

StrAlx-1941: Darius sends his messengers over land and sea to his princes, dukes and earls. He asks them for military aid and tells them to come to the field of Mesopotamia. There, the army-review is going to take place: Alexander wishes to inspect how many troops have arrived for his army: One troop consists of 6660 men. Darius’ enormous army: 32 kings, 270 dukes, 1.100 knights. 70,000 warriors from Persia, 50,000 warriors are sent by the Cenonenses, just as many by the Panphilienses. 50,000 warriors come from Medintrîch (the land where the angel was sent with Tobias), 22,000 from Ninive, 8000 from Armenia, where Noah’s ark ran aground. 10,000 strong giants come from the Gâzen in the Land of the Philisters. 20,000 warriors are from Frigia, 12,000 from India and a small troop of 1000 heroes from the Red Sea. The army consists of 630,000 warriors all together.

Motif References:

F 531.6.9 Giants as warriors (in army)
P 551 Army
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)
F 873 Extraordinary army
F 873.2 Enormous army (camp)

StrAlx-2038: When Alexander hears about Darius’ enormous army, he also summons his warriors and goes to Mesopotamia. Furious and bloody battle (battlefield covered with warriors).

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

StrAlx-2044: Darius sends a measure of poppy-seeds to Alexander. He writes a letter explaining that Alexander will find counting them as impossible as counting his, Darius’, army. Further, that he disapproves of Alexander’s attack on Persia. When Alexander reads the letter, he eats a lot of the soft poppy-seeds interpreting their multitude as a symbol of great luck, and their softness as a symbol of the effortlessness with which he will defeat Darius’ army. He writes a letter in return, and gives Darius’ messenger a handful of peppercorns: Darius shall eat them, if he can. The peppercorns are not uncountable, but they are as bitter as his, Alexander’s, army. Darius will not be able to defeat it. Alexander announces that he is now going to visit his sick mother, whose messenger has arrived meanwhile. During his absence, Darius can summon his army. When Darius learns that Alexander has eaten the poppy-seeds, he furiously bites on the peppercorns. This makes him grimace, and he gets very hot.

Motif References:

Z 174 Message or orders given symbolic action
H 607 Discussion by symbols
J 1625 Armies like seeds and peppercorns

StrAlx-2129: When Alexander travels home to his mother, Amenta, one of Darius’ dukes, blocks his way. The furious battle between the two armies lasts for three days. On the second day, the sun refuses to shine, as it does not wish to illuminate the murderous scene. On the third day, the heroes wade in blood up to their knees, some of them drown in the blood-streams. The Arabs flee to Darius.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
F 960.3 Extraordinary nature phenomena during furious battle
F 961.1.1 Sun refuses to shine when murder is done
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

StrAlx-2157: Alexander has the slain warriors buried and has doctors treat the wounded men. Alexander is happy about the victory, but he deplores the loss of the many warriors who supported him in the fight against Tiryus. When the wounded warriors are cured, Alexander proceeds. He destroys many castles – thereby calming his anger about the loss of so many Macedonians.

Motif References:

V 69.1 All dead are buried after battle

StrAlx-2184: Alexander finally meets with his sick mother. When she sees him, she instantly gets well.

Motif References:

F 959 Marvelous cures – miscellaneous

StrAlx-2187: Alexander summons his armies to the sea. Hundreds and thousands of warriors come. He turns again towards Persia. On the way he conquers some castles and countries.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 551 Army

StrAlx-2202: The town of Abdirus, which is subject to Darius, wants to block Alexander’s way. Whoever wants to go to Persia has to pass through Abdirus, and therefore the warriors there are always prepared for defense. Alexander and his army conquer the town and burn down the houses. When the inhabitants ask for mercy, Alexander promises to spare the town and the country, if they let him pass and subject themselves to him. If they refuse, he will come back after defeating and capturing Darius and burn down the city. They open the gate and let Alexander and his army pass. He keeps to his kingly promise and never fights against them – the city stays undestroyed because of his kingly word.

Motif References:

P 12 Character of kings
M 200 Bargains and promises
P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)

StrAlx-2243: Alexander proceeds to Thebes and asks for 4000 selected warriors for the war against Darius. The Thebans think that Alexander is very impudent and challenge him to battle in front of the city. Alexander then besieges Thebes. The Thebans defend themselves with arrows and crossbows, but Alexander’s army uses catapults to throw stones at the town’s walls. Thebes is defeated.

Motif References:

P 557.0.4 (Li) Siege

StrAlx-2273: Alexander has 4,000 men break the gate open with iron bars. They kill men and women and burn them. Then, Alexander orders the foundations destroyed, so that the castle will never be rebuilt.

Motif References:

S 112.0.1 City burned with all inhabitants

StrAlx-2295: Alexander continues his war of conquest. Corinthia (the city that is later converted to the Christianity by Saint Paul) surrenders: Alexander is crowned and gets fifty pounds of gold and silver. Then, Alexander goes to Athens, where the most prudent people live. They want peace and subject themselves.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering
W 215 Extreme prudence [Providentness in financial matters]

StrAlx-2319: The Lacedemones, who are very proud of their kingdom by the sea, their army and their former victory over King Xerse, tell Alexander that they think his campaign against Darius impudent. They block his way and want to fight against him. Men and women prepare the defense on the sea (they want to fight from their ships, build combat towers).

Motif References:

StrAlx-2343: When Alexander watches their preparations, he has them told that he does not plan to go to sea – they had better defend their castle. He wants to avenge their victory over King Xerse. The castle is stormed. Alexander fights in the first row to motivate his warriors. He slays many men. When night falls, the fighting is interrupted and taken up the next morning. Streams of blood flow. The brave Macedonians have come for glory and claim to prefer death to being defeated.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
F 628.2 Strong man kills men
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

StrAlx-2395: Both armies stop the fight without victory. When Alexander sees the harm that his army sustained, he orders the “Greek Fire” brought. He burns the ships on the sea, the water cannot stop the fire. Some of the warriors try to save themselves by swimming, but they burn nevertheless or are killed by the arrows. In this tumult the Lacedemones also throw some of their own people into the water, not recognizing them.

Motif References:

N 339 Accidental death – miscellaneous
F 882 Extraordinary fire
F 964.4 Blazing stick continues to burn even in water
D 1271 Magic fire
D 1672 Unquenchable fire

StrAlx-2418: When the Ladedemones decide to give hostages, it is too late, as their best men are already dead. They ask the Macedonians for peace; they would like to keep their city and their lives. Alexander agrees.

Motif References:

R 75 Surrendering
P 533.1 Hostages

StrAlx-2433: Then Alexander continues to Persia. When Darius learns about this, he says that he wishes that Alexander would leave him and his country alone – he would never again require tribute from Greece. Darius’ counselors remind him of his honor and say that Alexander will pay the tribute when realizing the enormous size of Darius’ army. Darius’ brother Occeatyr calls it a shame that Darius paid honor to the robber Alexander. This only helped to increase Alexander’s haughtiness. Moreover, Darius could lose friends and warriors when he shows fear. On the other hand, according to Occeatyr, Darius could learn from Alexander and fight like him in the first row of the army to encourage the warriors.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
P 14.15.1 (Old, wise) Counsellors of court [King’s council]
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war

StrAlx-2493: Another counselor says that he once met Alexander at his father’s court, when he was there to collect the tribute. As a child, Alexander was more prudent than an old man. Even then he complained about the tribute his father had to pay to Darius and vowed to free himself from this when he becomes monarch. Now Alexander has come to fulfill this plan. Darius should summon all his men.

Motif References:

M 150 Other vows and oaths
P 532 Payment of tax (tribute) [toll]
T 585 Precocious infant
T 615.3 Precocious wisdom [virtue]

StrAlx-2531: Another counselor assumes that Alexander wants to defeat Darius rather with his wisdom than with his bravery and get the tribute from him this way. He mentions that Darius is unreliable.

Motif References:

J 191 Wise men

StrAlx-2547: Meanwhile, Alexander crosses the Persian border. Near the sea, his army makes a halt. From a bath in a river, Alexander catches a fever. His warriors fear that they will never reach home again, if Darius gets word of Alexander’s sickness. Alexander calls for his physician Philippus, but a prince named Perminus writes a slanderous letter to Alexander in which he warns him against Philippus’ deadly medicine: The physician has been promised Darius’ sister as a wife and a high position in the Persian country if he kills Alexander. Alexander reads the letter, then drinks his friend’s potion and only afterwards gives Philippus the letter to read. The physician says that it is rather Perminus who desires Alexander’s death and gives him the advice to lull Perminus into security, thank him for his warnings and ask him to come. When Alexander has recovered and therefore the benefit of the medicine has been proved, he orders Perminus to be killed in his presence.

Motif References:

Q 297 Slander punished
P 317.1 Refusal to believe that friend will harm one
N 380 Other unlucky accidents
Q 411 Death as punishment
P 424 Physician
J 620 Forethought in prevention of others’s plans
K 2129 Slanders – miscellaneous
K 2247 Treacherous lord [vassal]

StrAlx-2610: Alexander orders his earls to ride to Armenia and has a castle and a city built there.

Motif References:

P 19 Other motifs connected with kings

StrAlx-2616: Then they cross a wide heath and come to a city called Andria on the banks of the river Euphrates, were they can finally quench their thirst. Alexander has big trees felled and a bridge built. When no one dares to ride over it, Alexander quickly gallops over it, and all follow him. Then he destroys the bridge. The men are astonished; they say that they now do not have any hope of return and must die if they are not victorious. When this comes to Alexander’s ears, he says that he has indeed destroyed the bridge to deprive them of the possibility to return home – so that they will fight more bravely. He continues that they would be laughed at by their wives if they fled: It is better to make their enemies flee. Alexander would rather die than flee, and he wants to repay the tribute that his father had to pay to Darius.

Motif References:

J 755 All aspects of a plan must be foreseen

StrAlx-2700: Darius becomes afraid because of Alexander’s threatening words. He is encouraged by his counselors who blame him for his fear. His army moves to the river. The guards of the two kings eye each other attentively. The banners of both armies are hoisted at the same time.

Motif References:

P 550 Military affairs

StrAlx-2717: The furious battle begins with a noise resembling the gale-lashed sea.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

StrAlx-2731: One of Darius’ men, disguised as a Greek (wearing Greek weapons), attacks Alexander from behind and wounds him through the helmet. Alexander’s men capture him.

Motif References:

K 2357.7.1 (Bm) Disguise as enemy to approach (and slay) enemy king

StrAlx-2744: Alexander asks the man about the reason for this deed. The man answers that Darius promised to give him his beautiful daughter, if he brought him Alexander’s head. He says that if he is doomed now, he regrets more the loss of the beautiful woman than losing his own life – he is not the first to risk his life for love. His greatest happiness would be to see the woman once before his death.

Motif References:

T 68 Princess offered as prize
H 335.4.1 Suitor task: to bring enemy’s head

StrAlx-2772: Alexander releases the man and tells him to return to his army. He says that it increases a young man’s honor to bring such a message home; his property will be increased and the ladies will love him more than before.

Motif References:

W 11.5.2 Ruler pardons emissary [attacker] who has come to murder him

StrAlx-2792: Now Alexander fights even more furiously, like an angry bear that is attacked by dogs: He vents his anger on everything he gets hold of with his fangs. Alexander always fights in the first row. He slays horses, men, everything that comes near him. When the enemies see this, they flee to Batra. Alexander besieges the town.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
R 220 Flights
F 628.2 Strong man kills men

StrAlx-2810: The following morning, Alexander assaults the city. He quickly conquers it and takes booty. He takes Darius’ children, also his mother and his wife captive, and then conquers other castles and countries.

Motif References:

R 5 Capture on field of battle
P 555.0.1 (Si) Booty. The spoils of war

StrAlx-2824: One of Darius’ vassals proposes to Alexander to betray Darius, who underpaid his services, in exchange for a reward. Alexander turns down this offer and blames the man for his disloyalty. He tells him to go back and defend his master.

Motif References:

P 50.0.2 (Bm) Knight who acknowledges no overlord [Allegiance: loyalty and disloyalty of vassals]
K 2247 Treacherous lord [vassal]

StrAlx-2852: Darius’ men write him a letter, telling him about the battle in Batra and the capture of his mother, his wife and his children. They ask him for support. Darius writes a furious letter to Alexander, telling him that he will bring him low. He tells him to arm himself. Alexander does not fear Darius’ threats. He tells his adversary that he saved his, Darius’, mother because of his love for his own mother, who is also a woman. This is also his motivation for serving the ladies.

Motif References:

P 13 Customs connected with kings

StrAlx-2924: In a letter, king Porrus of India asks Darius for military aid against his own revolting people. Darius answers Porrus that he is kept off himself because of the war with Alexander, but promises to send him warriors.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)

StrAlx-2944: Alexander and his army proceed to Persia. In order to deceive the enemy about the size of his army, he has branches of birch-trees and olive-trees cut off and has them tied to horses’ tails. Thus, so much dust is stirred up, that the Persians wonder where it is coming from; they get scared.

Motif References:

K 2351.6.2 (Bm) Branches tied to horses’ tails stir up dust which makes army seem larger and blinds opponents

StrAlx-2960: Alexander is by then a five day’s journey from Darius’ military camp. Between them there is a heath and a deep river. Alexander takes counsel with his princes as to whom he should send as messenger to Darius.

Motif References:

P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war

StrAlx-2979: The council adjourns without a solution. During the night, Alexander dreams of a man who very closely resembles his father. The poet mentions that “the books” say that Alexander’s father was a powerful god. But this is only believed by those who do not know about the power of magic: The devil works miracles in order to seduce those who do not mind losing their souls. Also Philippus, Alexander’s father, knew much about magic. In the dream he tells Alexander that he will prove that he is a powerful god. Alexander should follow his counsel and go himself as a messenger to Darius. The following morning, Alexander tells his princes about the dream and they advise him to follow the counsel of the god.

Motif References:

D 1711 Magician
D 1814.2 Advice from dream
D 2160 (Bm) Dream created by magic

StrAlx-3020: Alexander leaves, accompanied only by Eomulus. They ride on two fast horses and take a third one with them. Finally they arrive at the river Strâge. This river flows by day and freezes by night – this makes it easy to cross it. Alexander leaves Eomulus behind and continues his journey on his own. He finally comes to the city, where Darius and his army are situated. People stare at him because he looks like a god. Alexander passes himself off as his own messenger and wonders why the king keeps him waiting so long. Alexander finally is brought before Darius; he says that Darius is famous for his power and his bravery – so Alexander cannot understand why Darius does not come to the battle to avenge the shame that the Greeks bring upon him.

Motif References:

F 715 Extraordinary river
F 932.6.3 In dead of night waters of stream cease flowing [freeze] and stand perfectly still
K 1812.15 King disguised as own messenger

StrAlx-3069: Alexander challenges Darius to battle. He tells him that he will get all the outstanding tribute on battlefield: He and his warriors want to indemnify him with their sharp swords in a way that he will not afflict them anymore.

Motif References:

P 556 Challenge to battle

StrAlx-3080: Darius reacts like a ruler. He accommodates the messenger as a guest since this is the same way Alexander treats messengers.

Motif References:

P 320 Hospitality

StrAlx-3099: Alexander is seated opposite Darius because the king wants to see if he is served properly. Darius’ princes disapprove of their king’s treatment of the messenger. They esteem him little, as he is very small, and so they mock him and call him a dwarf, wondering why a powerful man like Alexander has such a messenger.

Motif References:

F 535 Remarkably small man (Pygmie)

StrAlx-3116: While listening to this, Alexander collects all the golden cups he has been drinking from in his lap. The cupbearer thinks he is a thief and reports it to Darius. Darius asks Alexander about this, who retorts that in his home-country it is a custom that everybody takes the golden cups he has been drinking from. He willingly returns the cups, as it is not a custom here. One of Darius’ princes recognizes the messenger as Alexander by his behavior: he once met him when he went to Philippus’ court to collect tribute. He reports it to Darius and calls on him to take revenge now, so he will have peace forever.

Motif References:

H 41 Recognition of royalty [nobility] by personal characteristics or traits
J 1399 Retorts concerning thefts – miscellaneous

StrAlx-3160: Alexander, realizing the men’s whispering, hurries out of the hall. He takes a burning torch from a Persian whose teeth he knocks out. Outside the city, he jumps on his horse, crosses the river Strâge with great difficulties, as the ice breaks, and returns to his army.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights

StrAlx-3182: Alexander rides to his army of 120,000 warriors and tells them that they can not compare themselves to the powerful Darius in number, as there is nobody on earth with such a big army like him. He encourages his warriors with an exemplary story: an army of flies cannot harm two wasps that fly to their nest.

Motif References:

J 280 Quality preferred to quantity

StrAlx-3207: In the meantime Darius and his army cross the river Strâge. In the early morning, the battle begins. Alexander is the first to fight. He rides on Bucival, the best horse ever. He is clad in Greek clothes – everybody who sees him thinks he is a god. From both sides spears fly like snow. Horns and trumpets are blown, making an enormous noise. Alexander encourages his warriors to fight, since Darius unjustly demanded payment of tribute. The Greek army fights ferociously. Both armies suffer harm, and the battlefield is covered with slain warriors. When their spears are destroyed and broken, the men continue fighting with their swords. The helmets are full of dents, the plates are pierced, blood streams out of them. Darius deplores that he has ever demanded tribute from Greece. 200,000 of his warriors have died, not including those who drowned in the river.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

StrAlx-3332: When Darius sees the many dead, he despairs. He is the first to flee, and the others follow him soon. Alexander pursues them and slays them like cattle.

Motif References:

R 220 Flights
R 260 Pursuits
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]

StrAlx-3346: When it becomes known in Persia that the king has lost the battle, everyone mourns: the father mourns his child, others their uncle, sisters their brothers, mothers their sons, women their lovers, husbands or fiancés; and also the children weep during play, and the babies in their cradles.

Motif References:

F 1041.21 Reactions to excessive grief

StrAlx-3379: The moon and the sun refuse to shine, as they do not want to light the murderous scene.

Motif References:

F 960.3 Extraordinary nature phenomena during furious battle
F 961.1.1 Sun refuses to shine when murder is done
F 961.3 Extraordinary behaviour of moon

StrAlx-3384: Darius returns back to his palace. People lament him. He laments his lot – death would be better than this shame. There is no use, he says, in having ruled over so many countries when he is now defeated by the Greek. He sees his defeat as a consequence of his sins and insolence. This is the character of Fortuna, who turns her wheel, helps the poor and plays with the rich; he who has been sitting firmly, falls suddenly.

Motif References:

L 410.1 Proud king humbled

StrAlx-3422: Then Darius writes a letter to Alexander. He admits his defeat, but reminds Alexander that the conqueror should act reasonably and generously. Darius regrets that he ever defeated King Xerse and many other kings and took their countries and their property. He laments that he has to suffer women’s mockery now. Darius believes that Alexander will act in a kingly manner after his victory and that he will treat the vanquished as his subjects and invest them with their lands. In exchange for this, Darius offers him the enormous treasures of his ancestors which are hidden in the ground in Mynjatan, Susis and Batra. Moreover, Darius wants to give over to Alexander sovereignty over Medintrîche and Persia for his lifetime. He asks for peace.

Motif References:

P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)

StrAlx-3484: Alexander reads the letter. One of his princes advises him to accept the conditions and to send back Darius’ family. Alexander refuses to do this since he is not sure if Darius wants his wife and mother back, because he recently said that Alexander could do with them what he wanted. He wonders how Darius can offer those countries, as they already belong to him. He sends the messenger back with the words: If Darius defeats him in fight, he will be given mother, wife and children, and Alexander will subject himself.

Motif References:

StrAlx-3526: Alexander rides back to the battlefield and has the dead buried and the wounded treated.

Motif References:

V 69.1 All dead are buried after battle

StrAlx-3533: Alexander stays there for a whole winter. He orders his men to break down the palace of King Xerse. Since this palace is unique, Alexander gives in to his men’s requests not to destroy it.

Motif References:

F 771 Extraordinary castle (house, palace)

StrAlx-3546: When Alexander’s men dig graves, they find cups of gold and a glass coffin. In it lies an uncorrupted corpse. The name of the dead person is etched on the coffin: it is Evilmerodach, former King of Babylon.

Motif References:

E 182 Dead body incorruptible
N 511 Treasure in ground
N 534 Treasure discovered by accident
F 852.1 Glass coffin
D 2167 Corpse magically saved from corruption

StrAlx-3568: Finally they find a fortress where Darius holds his captives. They have been mutilated and blinded. Alexander takes pity on them, frees them and gives them presents of gold and silver. He also orders that they should be given back their property and be rehabilitated.

Motif References:

R 41.1 Captivity in castle
R 51.3 Prisoners mutilated
R 110 Rescue of captive

StrAlx-3586: King Porrus in India gets a letter from Darius that informs him about the great losses and his flight and laments that he, Porrus, has not come to help Darius against Alexander. Darius promises Porrus gold and treasure for his help. He tells him about his sorrow for his family who is in Alexander’s hands. Moreover, Darius promises Porrus 80,000 beautiful girls and women as reward for him and his warriors. Porrus could rule in Persia according to his own will. Darius promises him also Alexander’s horse Bucival and his precious equipment. He wants to meet Porrus at the Caspian Gates. After reading the letter, Porrus answers Darius that he will come quickly with his warriors. He wants to have Alexander captured and bound and to take the best of his men as slaves to India. Darius should wait for him at the Caspian Gates.

Motif References:

P 557.0.3 (Li) Military aid (alliance)

StrAlx-3682: When Alexander hears about the intentions of Darius and Porus, he also moves with his army to the Caspian Gates.

Motif References:

StrAlx-3690: In the meantime, two of Darius’ subjects, Bysan and Arbazan, make plans to kill their king. They believe that Alexander will reward them for the murder. They approach Darius in his palace with their swords hidden in their garments. When Darius realizes their intention, he says that they had better support him against Alexander, because they will certainly have to atone for slaying him. Darius is convinced that Alexander will avenge his murder. The two traitors stab him and leave him lethally wounded on the floor. They leave the palace, pretending to lament his death.

Motif References:

S 115 Murder by stabbing
K 914 Murder from ambush
K 1760 Other bluffs
K 2247 Treacherous lord [vassal]

StrAlx-3760: When Alexander and his army are about to cross the river Strâge, they learn about the attack on Darius. Alexander hurries to his adversary’s death-bed and laments him. He says that he would make peace with him if he got well again, deplores that Darius’ royal name is disgraced by this crime. Alexander praises Darius’ bravery and decency, his munificence and strength in battle – if he were to recover, he, Alexander, would promise never to attack him again. Alexander vows to risk his life to find the murderers if Darius could tell him their names.

Motif References:

W 11.5 Generosity toward enemy
M 161.2 Vow to revenge (king, friends, father, [husband, queen]) (or die)

StrAlx-3830: Darius is moved, he sits up, covered with blood, kisses Alexander’s hand. He laments that all his power and possessions are now useless. He warns Alexander against the same fate. He also asks his former adversary to unite Greeks and Persians to one peaceful and strong people and to be good to his, Darius’, friends and to take care of his mother and his wife. Moreover, Alexander should take his daughter for a wife. Darius dies in Alexander’s lap – they are reconciled.

Motif References:

P 16.0.1 (Bm) Regicide
T 68.4 Vanquished king gives hero his daughter and control over his kingdom
P 310.5 Defeated enemy turns true friend

StrAlx-3872: Alexander laments Darius’ death. The Persian king is laid out on a bier with fabrics and gold, according to the Greek custom. Alexander himself carries the bier and mourns for his adversary, shedding tears.

Motif References:

W 11.5 Generosity toward enemy
P 12.9.1 (Bm) King mourns dead enemy
V 68 Preparations for burial

StrAlx-3890: After Darius’ burial, Alexander announces Public Peace. He invests the counts and dukes with land. Men and women keep their rights. Moreover, he has all weapons he wants to keep brought to a room. Then Alexander orders his counts under penalty of death to grant merchants and peasants free and safe passage.

Motif References:

P 19 Other motifs connected with kings

StrAlx-3912: Then Alexander announces that he will give a large reward to those who were involved in Darius’ murder – he swears by the health of his mother that he wants to divide his empire with them. The murderers of Darius confess their deed. Alexander has them condemned to death and has them hanged, announcing in public that he did not commit perjury by breaking his promise to reward the assassin of Darius, since he had formerly sworn to avenge the king.

Motif References:

M 202 Fulfulling of bargain or promise
M 205 Breaking of bargains and promises
Q 413.4 Hanging as punishment for murder
J 1141.1 Guilty person deceived into gesture (act) which admits guilt
K 2010.2 Friendship feigned to avenge murder
K 2380 (Hi) Detection of treachery or deceit

StrAlx-3982: Alexander woos Darius’ daughter, remembering the dying king’s wish. The wedding is prepared: Alexander writes a letter to invite his mother and the rich and the poor to his wedding. He also sends messengers to Greece and has a festivity prepared there. This is done to make his achievements in Persia public. The feast lasts for more than 30 days.

Motif References:

T 68.4 Vanquished king gives hero his daughter and control over his kingdom
T 136.1 Wedding feast

StrAlx-4021: There has never been such a feast, except for those arranged by king Salomon. He had 300 cupbearers daily (this is hard to believe, but it is written in the books, and so it must be true), more than enough fish and meat and a daily measure of 30 malter of bread rolls served. In Salomon’s kitchen 10 heads of summer-cattle (sumersâzen), 30 heads of normal cattle and 100 rams were prepared. There was also poultry and game. All this was given to the wise king voluntarily.

Motif References:

P 14 Particular practices of kings
P 634.0.1 Customs connected with eating and food

StrAlx-4058: When the wedding is over, a messenger reports the approach of Porrus and an army. Alexander and his warriors turn towards Porrus in the direction of India, crossing a desert land. They suffer much, from the sun by day, the serpents by night. Alexander’s men are not willing to endure this succession of hardships any longer, they want to return to their wives and children. They wonder about Alexander’s intentions – they have achieved the aim of defeating Darius, as they promised, and now they are exhausted. Moreover, their own lands are without defense. Alexander had better raise another army if he insists on further conquests.

Motif References:

P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
P 551 Army

StrAlx-4113: Alexander climbs a hill, collects his men around him and speaks to them. He warns them that the Persians could probably take advantage of the weak position of the army. He points out that they could not boast about their deeds at home, as it was he, Alexander, who decided the battles and who fought in the first row; he never retreated nor fled. Now it seems that he lost their friendship without any fault of his, but he is sure to get support elsewhere.

Motif References:

P 12.5 Good king never retreats in battle
P 14 Particular practices of kings
W 32 Bravery

StrAlx-4172: When Alexander finishes his speech, his men are ashamed (they pale and blush). They admit their fault, and Alexander forgives them. They instantly begin to sing, hoist the banners and say that they will not leave him as long as they are healthy.

Motif References:

M 260 Other promises

StrAlx-4187: Happily they advance to India. A messenger brings letters from Porrus: He announces his desire to fight Alexander and mentions Dionisius, who was defeated once – he will do the same to Alexander. Everyone knows that the Macedonians once had to pay tribute to India until Crelus [=Xerse] was born, and India lost the tribute, only because it was not worth risking one’s life. Porrus counsels Alexander to return to his homeland before he is harmed and humiliated. Alexander must have lost his mind when he determined to conquer a land that he, Porrus, defends with his strong army.

Motif References:

P 550 Military affairs

StrAlx-4268: Alexander reads the letter and considers it insulting. He calls his men to arms – he also wants to avenge Dionisius’ defeat. Alexander’s men promise support. Alexander writes a letter to Porrus. He chides him for his insulting words and says it would be very dishonorable for a noble man to be so haughty. Battle will show who the hero is. He does not fear Porrus, as a barking dog rarely does harm. When Porrus receives this letter, he gets so angry, that he nearly loses consciousness. He summons his army to the battlefield.

Motif References:

StrAlx-4325: In Porrus’ army there are black moors with elephants as war-animals. Elephants do not have marrow in their bones. It is possible to build towers and fortifications on them, they are very strong and big and do not fear blows. Their only vulnerable spot is below the navel, but wounding them in this place is deadly, because the animal then lets itself fall down on the attacker and crushes him to death. So both lose their lives. Also the one who is caught by the tongue of the elephant during an assault must die. But if the elephant falls down, it cannot stand up again, as it does not have knee-caps and therefore is unable to bend its legs. The elephant is entirely pure. In battle it carries towers with riders. It has to be guided with great skill. Elephants can only walk on the plain. They become aggressive and pugnacious when fed on red wine or blood.

Motif References:

B 15 Animals with unusual limbs or members
B 15.6 Animal with unusual legs or feet
Z 311 Achilles heel
B 557.11.4 (Bm) Soldiers fight from “castles” on elephant’s backs
B 720 Fanciful bodily members of animals
B 752 Fanciful behavior of animal at death
B 766 Fanciful dangers from animals
B 801 Elephants in folktales
F 988 Extraordinary limbs of animal
F 989 Extraordinary occurrences concerning animals – miscellaneous
K 2351.4 Elephant drunk with toddy sent to attack enemy

StrAlx-4386: Alexander works out a ruse against the elephants. He has metal statues made resembling warriors. They are hollow and filled with Greek fire, then transported by iron carriages.

Motif References:

P 552.4 War-machines
F 855 Extraordinary image
D 1620.1 Automatic statue of man
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

StrAlx-4410: Battle between Indians and Greeks: Porrus sends his elephants that have been fed on red wine and blood; their pugnacity encourages their leaders, sitting in their towers on the elephants’ backs. Alexander sends his red-hot statues against them. The elephants lick them, believing that they are warriors. Many of them die, burning their mouths. Those who can escape trample down the warriors of their own army in their flight.

Motif References:

P 550.1 (Li) Battle. War
B 557.11.4 (Bm) Soldiers fight from “castles” on elephant’s backs
K 2351.4 Elephant drunk with toddy sent to attack enemy
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

StrAlx-4449: Porrus encourages his warriors: They should trust in their own strength, then Alexander will not be able to harm them. The Greeks are stupid to believe that the Indians are weak, and he, Porrus, wants to fight them to show them that the Indian warriors are as brave as the Greeks. Alexander is glad that he has duped the elephants; this also encourages his army – without this ruse, he would have lost.

Motif References:

StrAlx-4516: As the Indians seem to despair, Porrus moves among his men and gives a long speech to encourage them. He promises them fabrics, silk, gold and jewellery and tells them to defend their country and their property, their families and their lives. If they refrain from doing this, the Greeks will dishonor their children, and they themselves will be expelled from the country. Porrus adds that they should defend themselves in a better way than Darius, who was slain in his palace on Alexander’s order. They also should avenge the murder of Darius.

Motif References:

K 1760 Other bluffs

StrAlx-4584: Porrus’ speech encourages his warriors. Furious battle continues. Many warriors die, blood-streams flow on battlefield. Also the kings participate in fight. It is impossible to count the losses of both armies, but Alexander’s are bigger.

Motif References:

F 1084.1 Deep streams of blood flow during battle
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

StrAlx-4610: When Alexander realizes the losses of his army, he challenges Porrus to single combat, arguing that it is a shame to let the two armies fight until they are both annihilated. They agree to call out a truce and fight in single combat. Both armies should be subjects of the winner. Porrus appreciates this idea; he is very eager for combat – he is much taller than Alexander, two fathoms and more, and also very strong.

Motif References:

P 556.0.1 (Bm) Challenge to single combat [feud]

StrAlx-4647: The single combat takes place between the two armies. The kings fight furiously “like wild pigs”. Shields emit fire-sparks as they shatter. As the odds seem to be on Alexander’s side, Porrus’ men despair and sigh. This distracts their king’s attention, and Alexander wounds him. Porrus falls to earth, Alexander cuts off his head.

Motif References:

P 550.2 (Li) Single combat
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
P 557.4 Customs concerning single combat
F 1084 Furious battle [fight]

StrAlx-4688: When Porrus’ warriors see that their king is dead, they do not despair, but fight more ferociously. Blood flows on battlefield, many die on both sides (corpses cover the earth). No helmet is so strong that Alexander could not hew through it.

Motif References:

StrAlx-4731: Alexander is victorious finally. The Indians agree to the peace under the condition that Alexander spare their wives and children. So they become his subjects.

Motif References:

P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
P 559 (Li) Peace: making and conditions of peace (ransom, reparations, submission)

StrAlx-4740: Alexander gives the Indians permission to bury Porus and the other dead on the battlefield. The wounded warriors are transported to their homeland.

Motif References:

V 69.1 All dead are buried after battle

StrAlx-4762: Now that Darius is buried and Porrus is slain, Alexander proceeds on his journey. He comes to a land called Occidratis. This land is very warm because of the sun. Its inhabitants are very poor, they go all naked. They use bones of goats as weapons. They do not have a fixed residence, but go to sleep wherever nightfall finds them. Their wives and their cattle live separated from the men on a heath land.

Motif References:

F 112.0.2 Separation of sexes in otherworld
F 129.7 Journey to land of naked people
F 562 People of unusual residence
F 566.2 Land where women live separate from men
F 568 Naked tribe
F 709.1 Country of the naked
F 839.1 Gnawed bone as weapon

StrAlx-4783: When the king of this land hears of Alexander’s arrival, he sends him a messenger with local gifts. He writes him a letter to ask Alexander about his intentions, as there is nothing to rob or to fight for in his country. Alexander reads the letter and has the king told that he comes in peace.

Motif References:

P 324 Host greets guest with gifts [Welcome and parting gifts]

StrAlx-4821: Alexander enquires about their way of life: about their dwellings, food and burial customs. They answer that they are without residence and do not have any sorrows. They have nothing to lose. When they die, they are not buried, only the sky covers them.

Motif References:

V 61 Various ways of disposing of dead
F 562 People of unusual residence
F 569 Unusual manner of life – miscellaneous

StrAlx-4844: Alexander grants them a wish. They wish for eternal life. This makes Alexander angry and he wonders how he could fulfill this request when he himself is mortal as all humanity. Thereupon one of them asks him why he always strives for more, if he has to die. It befits everybody to be moderate. Alexander answers that God has determined everything; man has to accept this. As long as he, Alexander, is alive, he must do what satisfies him. If he had their point of view, why live?

Motif References:

V 380 Religious beliefs – miscellaneous
J 1262 Repartee based on doctrinal discussions

StrAlx-4891: Alexander continues his journey. He passes mountains and moors on his way, until he arrives after many privations at the end of the world.

Motif References:

F 110 Journey to terrestrial otherworlds

StrAlx-4899: In a letter to his teacher Aristotiles and to his mother, Olympias, Alexander describes the difficulties and pains of his journey: After he defeated Darius and conquered Persia and India, he advanced with his warriors to the Caspian Gates. They came to a river, where they took a rest, but when they wanted to quench their thirst, they realized that the water was bitter as gall. So they continued on their way. At a distance of one mile on the opposite bank of the river, they perceived the beautiful city Barbaras. The warriors wanted to cross the river by swimming, but 27 of them were devoured by crocodiles. Then the water turned drinkable. They wanted to rest then, pitched their camp and made a big fire.

Motif References:

B 16.5.2 Devastating crocodile
G 354.2 Crocodile as ogre
P 550.1.1 (Li) Aggression: rebellion; usurpation; invasion; assault
F 715 Extraordinary river
F 932 Extraordinary occurrences connected with rivers

StrAlx-4969: But Alexander and his men are not allowed a moment of rest, as many awful animals and reptiles come out of the forest to drink from the river. They have to fight them the whole night. There are big scorpions, colored white and red, that kill many warriors by stinging them. Then, there come enormous lions and boars that are even bigger than the lions. They destroy everything with tusks that have the length of one fathom. Then the warriors have to fight against elephants and remarkably long serpents that attack them standing up. Finally, there come people resembling devils with faces like monkeys. They have six hands and long teeth. They are killed.

Motif References:

B 16.1.4.1 Giant devastating boar
B 16 Devastating animals
B 16.5.1 Giant devastating serpent
B 17.2.4 Hostile scorpion
B 17.2 Other hostile animals
F 511.1.3.1 Person with face of ape [monkey]
F 513.1 Person unusual as to his teeth
F 516.2 People with many arms
B 731 Fanciful color of animal
B 871.1.2 Giant boar

StrAlx-5015: In order to save themselves from these animals, the men burn the forest. This makes another monster emerge from the woods: It has antlers like a deer with three long beams. If Alexander had not helped his warriors, this animal would have killed most of them. It kills 36 men with its horns and tramples 50 to death.

Motif References:

B 15.3.1.1 Three-horned deer
B 16.2.7 Destructive deer

StrAlx-5039: The following night there come giant foxes and devour the corpses of the dead warriors. Alexander and his warriors cannot prevent this.

Motif References:

B 16.2.1 Devastating fox
B 871.1.2 Giant boar

StrAlx-5047: Flies the size of pigeons or bats hover above the field where they have pitched their camp. The flies have human teeth and bite off the noses and ears of the warriors and also torment the horses. So Alexander and his army move on to the plain Accia, where they have a little rest.

Motif References:

B 15 Animals with unusual limbs or members
B 16.6 Devastating insects
B 720 Fanciful bodily members of animals
B 873 Giant insects

StrAlx-5064: Soon they enter a beautiful forest. The high trees produce food to nourish the inhabitants. Giants with iron poles block their way. Alexander’s army manages to chase them away by roaring loudly – they flee because they have never heard a human voice before. 34 of the 600 giants are killed, and 24 of Alexander’s men. Alexander’s army leaves after three days.

Motif References:

F 531.5 Giants and men
F 531.4.5.2 Giant with iron bar as weapon
F 531.6.2.7 Giants in wild forests
F 811.5 Food-producing trees
D 950.0.1.1 Magic tree guarded by giant ogre
K 2369 Military strategy – miscellaneous

StrAlx-5099: They pitch their camp on a large field. There are trees which grow until the ninth hour, below them also grass and flowers. After the ninth hour they sink back into the ground. These trees grow fruit, and Alexander orders his servants to bring him some. When they try to do so, they are beaten and whipped by an invisible guard. Then, they hear a voice that forbids them to touch the fruit and threatens them with harm and death.

Motif References:

C 510 Tabu: touching tree (plant)
D 621 Daily transformation
F 811.12 Trees grow and “ungrow” each day
D 950 Magic tree
F 966 Voices from heaven (or from the air)
D 1401 Magic object cudgels person

StrAlx-5135: They also see small birds, that are very gentle and have no fear of death. The one who does them any harm gets burned by fire from heaven.

Motif References:

Q 552.13 Fire from heaven as punishment
C 841.2 Tabu: hunting [killing] birds
C 927 Burning as punishment for breaking tabu

StrAlx-5143: Alexander also reports of the bird Phoenix [Fenix]; he sits on a tree without leaves nor fruit. His head is luminous. He is the most beautiful bird in the whole world, he is unique.

Motif References:

B 32 Phoenix
Z 300 Unique exceptions
B 720 Fanciful bodily members of animals
F 811 Extraordinary tree

StrAlx-5157: Alexander leaves his army together with 3000 men to look for more marvels. They come to a beautiful forest and are lured into it by the sweetest music ever heard (singing, the sound of lyres and harps). The shadow under the trees is very pleasing, and there grow flowers, grass and many herbs; many brooks flow in the forest. The thick branches of the trees do not let the sun shine through. Alexander and his men dismount from their horses and intrude deeper into the forest, until they discover the source of the music: There are a hundred-thousand and more beautiful girls in the clover. They play, dance and sing. Their music makes the men forget all the troubles they ever had. They believe themselves to be happy for the rest of their lives. Alexander also feels so; he thinks he could even lose his fear of death if he only stayed there long enough.

Motif References:

F 216 Fairies [elves] live in forest
F 234.2.5 Fairy in form of beautiful young woman
F 262 Fairies make music
F 262.3.6 Fairy music causes joy (laughter)
F 262.1 Fairies sing
F 812.3 Forest of dangers (wonders)
D 941 Magic forest
D 1275.1 Magic music
D 1359.3.1 Magic music causes joy
D 2173 Magic singing

StrAlx-5241: The birth and death of the fairy girls is very special: At the beginning of summer, wonderful flowers grow in the forest: They shine in red and white colors and are visible from far. They are very big, round as a ball and firmly closed. When they finally open their petals, there are beautiful maidens in them. They are alive, have the mind of human beings, are able to walk and talk like twelve-year-old girls. They are very beautiful, their skin is very white, they are well-bred and laugh and sing with their sweet voices.

Motif References:

F 234.2.5 Fairy in form of beautiful young woman
F 251 Origin of fairies
T 543.2 Birth from flower
F 814 Extraordinary flower

StrAlx-5287: But these girls can only live in the shadow: they have to die when exposed to the sunlight. Their clothes have grown together with their skin and their hair. They have the color of flowers, red and white as snow.

Motif References:

F 236 Dress of fairies
F 259.1 Mortality of fairies
F 383.4.3 Sunlight fatal to fairies

StrAlx-5306: The men desire these women. Alexander also sends for the rest of his army. They pitch their camp in the forest and take the fairies as lovers.

Motif References:

F 302 Fairy mistress

StrAlx-5331: Alexander and his men stay for three months and 12 days in this enchanted forest. Then the flowers fade and the ladies die, the water stops flowing, and the birds cease singing. Alexander laments the fairies’ death. He and his men leave this place.

Motif References:

F 259.1 Mortality of fairies
F 373 Mortal abandons world to live in fairyland
E 761.3 Life token: tree (flower) fades

StrAlx-5359: They arrive at a wonderful castle out of which emerges a tall man whose skin is covered with pig-bristles. He shows no fear of Alexander or his men. So, Alexander sends a girl to test if there is any man who could not be caught by the longing for a woman. But the monster grips the maid and abducts her into a forest, where Alexander’s men finally get hold of him. When they wrench the girl from him, he roars with a terrible lion’s voice. They bind him, and Alexander has him burnt.

Motif References:

R 11.1.1 Abduction of girl by half bestial man
S 112 Burning to death
Q 213 Abduction punished
Q 414.0.4.2 Burning as punishment for abductor
F 521.1 Man covered with hair like animal
F 556 Remarkable voice

StrAlx-5411: Then they come to a high mountain on the top of which a marvelous castle made of precious jewels sits. A beautiful brook flows below the castle. To enter the building, one has to hold on to the gold chains hanging from the castle’s walls. Also 2000 stairs made of sapphire lead up the mountain to the castle. Alexander takes a close look at the building: The windows are artistically made; the doors and bells are golden.

Motif References:

F 771.1.5 Palace of jewels
F 782 Extraordinary doors and windows
F 789 Extraordinary buildings and furnishings – miscellaneous

StrAlx-5443: Then, he enters a temple through automatically opening doors. Inside, there is a bed, decorated with gold and jewels. The bed is encircled by tendrils of vine made of gold; the grapes are made of jewels. Alexander perceives a remarkably handsome old man lying on the bed. He is fast asleep. Alexander does not wake him, but retreats from the castle and joins his men.

Motif References:

N 573 Sleeping old king (in mountain) as guardian of treasure
F 575.2 Handsome man
F 773 Remarkable church (chapel, temple)
F 782 Extraordinary doors and windows
F 787 Extraordinary bed
F 789 Extraordinary buildings and furnishings – miscellaneous
D 1146 Magic door (gate)
D 1601.37 Self-opening door

StrAlx-5473: After three days, Alexander and his army come to Brasiacus. The king of this land sends him gifts; the inhabitants bring him fish-hides that are spotted like a leopard and hides of lampreys that are six fathoms long.

Motif References:

P 324 Host greets guest with gifts [Welcome and parting gifts]
B 731 Fanciful color of animal
B 874 Giant fish

StrAlx-5489: Then Alexander and his men continue their journey to the world’s end, to the world’s navel, where the sky rotates like the wheel around the axis. There, they hear human voices speaking Greek. 20 of Alexander’s men jump into the sea to find out where the voices come from, but they are attacked and killed by sea-beasts when trying to reach an island.

Motif References:

B 17.2.1 Hostile sea-beasts
F 110 Journey to terrestrial otherworlds
A 875.1 Navel of the earth. Omphalos, the central point on the earth disk.
F 931.11 Speaking sea
H 1371.1 Quest for world’s end

StrAlx-5511: In this region, there is a rich and marvelous castle, Meroves. It is surrounded by rocks. The inhabitants of this country are very brave; they are subjects of the queen Candacia. She is a clever woman and mother of two sons. Alexander has his camp pitched near this place. To pay his respects to the queen, he sends her a painting of his god Amon.

Motif References:

V 120 Images
F 771.3.1 Castle at world’s end

StrAlx-5534: Candacia’ messenger returns. The queen wants to know if Alexander is the one who has conquered and subjected the whole world. Impressed she sends many precious gifts: 100 golden statues of gods, 150 infant moors with long ears (Alexander entrusts them to his servants), 30 gold cups, 90 elephants, and more than 60 panthers and 100 quick leopards, 500 little birds (parakeets and spingen) that can do both speak and sing; finally 100 beams of the best wood that can not be destroyed by fire.

Motif References:

V 127 Image of deity in wood (stone) [metal]
B 211.3 Speaking bird
P 324 Host greets guest with gifts [Welcome and parting gifts]
F 542.1 Long ears
F 812.8 Wood which cannot be consumed by fire
D 1656 Incombustible objects

StrAlx-5566: Queen Candacia also sends gifts to Amon, Alexander’s god: a crown stud with jewels and entwined with 10 gold chains.

Motif References:

F 828 Extraordinary crown

StrAlx-5578: The lovely queen choses and sends him also a very rare animal: it carries a carbuncle and lies down before a virgin. It is called Monosceros [unicorn] and is very rare. It is impossible to hunt it down because only a virgin can catch it. Its pointed horn is deadly.

Motif References:

B 13 Unicorn
B 13.1 (Li) Unicorn captured by virgin.

StrAlx-5589: Finally, the queen sends for a painter who has the order to make a portrait of Alexander secretly.

Motif References:

P 482 Painter (artist)

StrAlx-5599: Candaulus, Candacia’s elder son, visits Alexander in his camp. Like any foreigner he is seized by Alexander’s guards and brought to Tholomeus. Candaulus reveals his identity and asks for Alexander’s help, because his wife has been abducted by a king.

Motif References:

R 10.1 Princess (maiden) abducted

StrAlx-5631: Tholomeus reports this to Alexander. The king gives him his crown and tells him to pass himself off as Alexander. Then, he will introduce Alexander under the name of Antigonus to Candaulus and give him the order to bring back Candaulus’ wife. Tholomeus acts as if he were the king, sends for “Antigonus” and introduces him as helper.

Motif References:

K 1810.1.3 Taking king’s place by changing dresses
K 1812 King in disguise
K 1831.0.1 Disguise by changing name

StrAlx-5696: They leave. Alexander/ Antigonus himself carries the standard. Candaulus leads them to the fortress Bala, where his wife is held captive. When they approach, the inhabitants instantly close the gates and take council: As their own king has left on an expedition, they are not well protected; they fear also, that it is Porrus attacking them in order to free the abducted queen, as she is related to him.

Motif References:

R 41.1 Captivity in castle
P 557.0.1 (Li) Council of war
N 838 Hero (culture hero) as helper
H 1385.3 Quest for vanished wife (mistress)

StrAlx-5739: After three days, deliberations begin: Alexander/Antigonus threatens the inhabitants of Balas with destruction of their town and to avenge the abduction of Candaulus’ wife. They get frightened and instantly set the lady free. Alexander spares the town. Candaulus invites Alexander to come with him to his mother’s place, where he will be rewarded.

Motif References:

R 111.2 Princess rescued from place of captivity

StrAlx-5787: Alexander/Antigonus sends a message to Tholomeus informing him that he will accompany Candaulus in order to find out about his kingdom and customs. During the journey, Alexander sees the highest mountains he has ever seen. When he enquires about what is there, he learns that they are inhabited by beasts and reptiles. There are also extremely high trees bearing gigantic fruit. He sees grapes so enormous that one man could not carry them and nuts bigger than two pumpkins. He also sees dragons and long serpents; in the trees live monkeys and horrible birds.

Motif References:

B 11.3.2 Dragon’s home at top of mountain
F 759 Extraordinary mountains and valleys – miscellaneous
F 811.7.2 Tree bearing unwonted fruit (flowers)
F 813.2.2 Gigantic grapes
F 813.3.2 Gigantic nut

StrAlx-5833: After five days, they reach the castle of Candacia, Candaulus’ mother. She comes to meet her son and the rescuer of her daughter-in-law. Her golden crown is remarkably beautiful. Also the queen herself is of extraordinary beauty. On her enquiries concerning the stranger, Candaulus introduces Alexander as Antigonus, the rescuer of his wife and praises his courage and virtue.

Motif References:

F 575 Remarkable beauty
F 828 Extraordinary crown

StrAlx-5883: Candacia greets Alexander/Antigonus with a kiss and leads him into a beautiful palace covered with onyx. The pillars are made of precious jewels. The roof is gold with many marvelous motifs. The beds are of gold, the bedcovers embroidered with gold. Her table is made of ivory, decorated with jewels; the benches are of red gold. The whole palace is furnished very artistically. The arches are covered with gold. Even the brook flowing beneath the castle has the color of gold. When the sun shines on the place, everything glows.

Motif References:

F 715 Extraordinary river
F 771.1.1.1 Castle paved with gold and gems
F 774.1 Pillars of precious stones
F 784 Extraordinary table
F 786.1 Chairs of gold and silver
F 787.2 Golden bed

StrAlx-5926: Candacia gives a feast for her sons and their suite.

Motif References:

P 634 Feasts

StrAlx-5939: The festival hall is decorated with jewels. Above the queen’s place, a precious gold-brocaded tapestry showing birds and animals, knights and ladies hangs. The rims are embroidered preciously. Pulling the tapestry causes many golden bells to ring. Candacia herself, a very skillful lady, designed the tapestry.

Motif References:

P 29 Queens – miscellaneous
F 662 Skillful tailor
F 783 Extraordinary carpet

StrAlx-5973: On the table sit two crystal candlesticks studded with jewels. Two incandescent carbuncles are fixed to their tops.

Motif References:

F 826 Extraordinary jewels
D 1645.1 Incandescent jewel

StrAlx-5997: In the middle of the festival hall sits an animal resembling a deer made of gold. It has a thousand horns, and on each horn sits a bird. The animal carries a handsome man leading two dogs. He holds a bugle to his mouth. The statue is manipulated by 24 bellows operated by 12 men: When they press the bellows, the birds start singing, the man blows his bugle, the dogs bark and the deer roars like a panther. Now and then, the animal’s mouth emits a smell sweeter than incense.

Motif References:

F 855.2 Statues animated by water or wind
D 1620.3 Other automatic constructions

StrAlx-6030: At Candacia’s court, the service of ladies lasts for the whole day. 1000 young men accompany the meal with string-instruments. 500 pages take care of the guests, 500 maidens dressed in red and green sing and dance to harp-music.

Motif References:

StrAlx-6061: Dwarfs walk in front of Candacia. They are dressed in precious garments.

Motif References:

F 451.5.1.7 Dwarfs serve mortals

StrAlx-6079: The following morning, Candacia shows Alexander around the castle. One room is decorated with red incandescent jewels that illuminate the night.

Motif References:

F 781 Extraordinary rooms
F 826 Extraordinary jewels
D 1645.1 Incandescent jewel

StrAlx-6089: Another room is panelled with the precious, incombustible wood aspinden.

Motif References:

F 781 Extraordinary rooms
F 812.8 Wood which cannot be consumed by fire
D 1656 Incombustible objects

StrAlx-6100: Then she shows him a high room that is made of big and strong beams of ebony. Candacia herself has constructed the room that stands on wheels and is pulled by 36 strong elephants.

Motif References:

P 29 Queens – miscellaneous
F 675 Ingenious carpenter
F 781 Extraordinary rooms

StrAlx-6116: When Alexander utters his wish to have this room home in Greece, for himself and his mother, Candacia calls him by his real name, Alexander. When he realizes that he is discovered, he pales and blushes. To make clear to him how she knows about his identity, she shows him the picture she had made of him. He is now in her power, she says – after all his military achievements, he has now fallen into a woman’s power without fighting. He should learn from this that striving too high is dangerous, luck is changeable.

Motif References:

P 20.1 Clever queen
H 21 Recognition through picture
L 419 Proud ruler (deity) humbled – misc.
K 778 Capture through the wiles of a woman

StrAlx-6187: Angrily, Alexander turns to the wall. When Candacia asks him why he behaves like that, he says that he is very angry and ashamed, as he acted like a fool. If he had his sword, he would kill her, but even if he managed to escape, he would be shamed because he was defeated by a woman. His life is worthless. Candacia calms him: nobody will ever hear about his defeat. She praises his wisdom and heroism. He is safe, as he rescued Candaulus’ wife, but had better not be recognized, as her younger son still is angry about Alexander killing Porrus, his father-in-law.

Motif References:

StrAlx-6235: Then, the queen leads Alexander to her sleeping chamber. When she removes the curtain around the bed, it emanates a sweet odor. She sleeps with Alexander. She assures him that he is safe now, since he is her husband. She asks him to come back to her soon; he promises.

Motif References:

T 55 Girl as wooer. Forthputting woman
F 787 Extraordinary bed

StrAlx-6260: They join her sons, but when she tells them to give a reward to Alexander/Antigonus, Alexander’s messenger, Karacter answers that he cannot forget that Alexander killed his father-in-law, Porrus. Candaulus argues that he will defend Antigonus, as he has rescued his wife.

Motif References:

StrAlx-6293: Karacter disapproves of Candaulus defending the murderer of his father-in-law. He says that he wants the stranger killed or die himself.

Motif References:

M 161.1 Vow to attack (kill) the enemy or die

StrAlx-6305: Candaulus and Karacter take their shields and prepare to fight. On Candacias’ request to demonstrate his wisdom, Alexander finds a ruse to prevent them from doing so: He tells them that there is no use in fighting over a delegate. Moreover, if he had served them as well as he did his master, they would not want him to die. He swears to surrender Alexander to them if they let him live. Also the queen assures her sons of Alexander’s innocence and tells them that it would only bring shame to them if it were known that they killed a guest.

Motif References:

P 251.5.3 Hostile [half-] brothers
J 829 Dealing with the great – miscellaneous

StrAlx-6363: So the enmity between them changes to friendship. Alexander /Antigonus is rewarded with gold and a precious unpierceable gorget. He also gets a beautiful cloak, and the queen herself gives him a crown made of a diamond.

Motif References:

F 824 Extraordinary [part of] armor
F 828 Extraordinary crown
D 1101 Magic [part of] armor
D 1381.10 Magic [part of] armor protects from attack

StrAlx-6395: Then the queen leads him to a secret place in an old tomb, where, as she announces to him, the gods sit around a table and have their meal. Alexander perceives them, their eyes glow like burning lamps.

Motif References:

F 80 Journey to lower world
A 123.3.2 God with flashing eyes
A 151.1.2 Home of gods in cave

StrAlx-6411: One of the gods invites Alexander to come nearer if he is curious to see marvels. When Alexander approaches, there is so much fog that he gets frightened. Near and far he sees shining stars. A tall man who looks like a god sits on a wonderful throne and addresses Alexander with the words that not long ago he saw him in Libya. Alexander says that he would like to know how long he is going to live. The god retorts that no man can know the time of his death, as this would be unbearable for him, but he reveals that Alexander will be buried in the city of Alexandria.

Motif References:

A 152 God’s throne
A 182.3 God (angel) speaks to mortal
D 1810.0.1 Omniscience of a god

StrAlx-6454: Alexander returns to Candaulus and Karacter who give him leave. He takes farewell from the queen, kissing her on the mouth. He returns to his own retainers who receive him with pleasure.

Motif References:

StrAlx-6465: They come to the country Amazonia. Alexander writes a letter to the queen of the women of war. He tells her that he does not have warlike intentions, but demands tribute from them. When she reads his letter, she assumes that fighting against them would in every way be shameful for him, whether the Amazons, were killed (as killing a lady is dishonorable), or they defeated him. If he comes peacefully, they would receive him with pleasure. She sends him 3000 maidens in silk dresses. One of them announces to him that the queen has sent him a letter and presents. In the letter, Alexander reads how the Amazons defended themselves against other conquerors. No one has dared to attack them since Cassandra killed Cyrus. Alexander assures the Amazons that he has only come out of curiosity about their customs and country. He kisses the girl on the mouth and leaves together with his warriors. They travel through many other countries and have many other adventures.

Motif References:

F 112 Journey to land of women
P 324 Host greets guest with gifts [Welcome and parting gifts]
P 555 Defeat in battle [single combat]
F 565.1 Amazons. Women warriors
F 565.1.2.1 (Bm) Amazons go to men’s island three months a year to procreate
J 623 Prevention of hostility by inspiring fear in enemy

StrAlx-6589: Here ends Alexander’s letter to his mother Olympias and to Aristotiles.

Motif References:

StrAlx-6597: Then he passes through many countries. His power extends over many parts of the world, and many kings pay tribute to him. But he is never satisfied; his haughtiness makes him turn towards paradise: he wants to receive tribute from the angels’ choirs as well. He asks his counselors for advice about how to make the angels pay tribute to him.

Motif References:

W 187 Insolence [Self-conceit]

StrAlx-6631: Alexander’s older and wiser counselors argue that it is better to live in God’s grace than to turn against him, the younger ones promise to support him. Alexander is glad about this advice. The poet compares his greed to hell that devours the abyss, then heaven and earth with its mouth and is never satisfied.

Motif References:

P 14.15.1 (Old, wise) Counsellors of court

StrAlx-6685: Start of the expedition to paradise. On the difficult and dangerous journey over mountains, valleys and small paths, they have to fight against dangerous animals and reptiles. Alexander fears death. His men soon regret this undertaking, storms discourage them even more. Alexander, who becomes fearful himself but hides his feelings, tells them to hurry up to reach human habitations soon.

Motif References:

F 3 Journey to otherworld as invasion
F 11 Journey to heaven (upper-world paradise)
H 1260 Quest to the upper world [paradise]

StrAlx-6728: Finally, they arrive at the river Euphrates, which, as they learn from people living there, comes from paradise. They get food-provisions and embark, but the current is almost too strong for their ships; moreover, they are harried by storms, thunder and lightning, rain, hail and snow.

Motif References:

F 159 Other means to reach the otherworld
F 162.2.1 The four rivers of paradise

StrAlx-6762: Fruit and leaves emitting a sweet smell swim in the river. They are so large that people cover their houses with them. Alexander’s men eat the fruit and fish for yellow and green flowers that float in the river.

Motif References:

F 811.2.3 Tree with gigantic leaves

StrAlx-6775: Alexander encourages his despondent men by describing the honors they will receive at home after reaching the paradise. He swears that after this expedition they will return home, and he will never again wage war and attempt to conquer lands and towns.

Motif References:

M 166 Other vows about fighting

StrAlx-6806: Alexander retreats with some of his confidants. They swear to stay with him whatever happens, if they come to death or stay alive. They continue their hard journey. Alexander tells them to row. When they get too tired, they drop anchors, and then start again.

Motif References:

M 161.3 Vow to live and die with the king

StrAlx-6843: After a long time, they arrive at a high and broad wall, built of firm and precious stones. They sail along the wall until they reach a door. They bang against it, calling loudly, but the souls and angels do not notice them. Finally, an old man comes to the door and asks them what they have come for. Alexander’s men tell him that they had better stop singing and pay tribute to their king, Alexander. When the old man asks who Alexander is, they describe him as the incomparable Alexander: he is rich, prudent, brave, honorable, loyal, honest and very powerful. Many countries and kings are subject to him. The old man says he has to inform his companions about Alexander’s intention. He keeps them waiting.

Motif References:

F 148 Wall around otherworld
F 156 Door to otherworld
A 661.0.1 Gate of heaven

StrAlx-6900: The old man returns with the following message Alexander’s men must deliver to their master: How long does Alexander want to live and strive for disgrace? Alexander had better give up this military expedition to the children of God; he should leave and be humble if he wants to stay alive; if he confesses his guilt, God will be merciful. If he does not convert, it will go badly for him. Every man is mortal.

Motif References:

A 182.3.2 God rebukes mortal

StrAlx-6932: Then the old man gives the men a stone for Alexander. The meaning of this stone, he explains, is known only to a few men. Alexander, he continues, shall immediately return, recollect and change his immoderate excessive ways. The moment he learns about the meaning of this stone, he will not be able to continue his immoderate behavior.

Motif References:

F 809 Other extraordinary stones

StrAlx-6947: The men return to Alexander and deliver the message and the stone. Alexander discusses with his confidents how to react. The older counselors advise him to return home, the younger tell him to assault and destroy the wall. Alexander states that it is better to leave the fortress for different reasons: it is impregnable and the children of God are under His protection and cannot be harmed. God has granted them eternal life as they observe His order. Alexander and his men should entrust themselves to the souls and the angels so that they can return home unharmed.

Motif References:

P 14.15.1 (Old, wise) Counsellors of court [King’s council]

StrAlx-7011: So the warriors return: they embark again on the river Euphrates and have again to fight against awful animals and reptiles. In the end, they arrive safely in Greece. Many of the men have fallen ill.

Motif References:

StrAlx-7028: Alexander has a person sought who can explain the meaning of the stone to him. He promises rich reward by his crown. Many explanations are found, but none of them is true, the men only want to cheat Alexander: the stone is a hyacinth, an incandescent carbuncle, a topaz, a beryl, an onyx, an amethyst, a jasper, a sapphire, a chrysolite, a chrysopras, a bdellius, a sardonix.

Motif References:

M 150 Other vows and oaths
F 826 Extraordinary jewels
D 1645.1 Incandescent jewel

StrAlx-7072: When Alexander hears about an old wise Jew, he has sent for him instantly. The old man has to be carried, as he is too old to walk. Alexander receives him and shows him the stone. The old Jew recognizes it: He says it is very precious and unique in the world. It works many good effects on people, makes them high-spirited and renders the old young. He has a pair of scales brought. In one scale he puts the stone, in the other many small rods of gold. The stone – that is only the size of a human eye – miraculously outweighs the gold. Then the old man replaces the gold with a feather and a bit of earth; this outweighs the stone.

Motif References:

J 191 Wise men
F 809 Other extraordinary stones
D 931 Magic rock (stone)
D 1682 Magic jewel which outweighs many heavy objects in the scale

StrAlx-7153: The Jew then interprets this phenomenon: God worked this miracle to advise Alexander, who has become too arrogant, but everyone should be admonished by the stone: avoid greed, as constant dissatisfaction leads to permanent peacelessness. A greedy person swallows all he gets, like the hole of hell that is never satisfied, but he is nothing but a weak man anyway. This is symbolized by the gold that is outweighed by the stone. Alexander’s attempt to conquer the paradise was a foolish undertaking. Also Alexander is mortal and will be buried in the earth. This is symbolized by the feather (mortal humanity) and the earth that outweigh the stone. The old Jew warns them all to live according to God’s rule and to refrain from further sinning. He again points out man’s mortality and admonishes Alexander to support widows and orphans.

Motif References:

Z 100 Symbolism
J 151 Wisdom from old person
J 514 One should not be too greedy
H 614 Explanation of enigmatic phenomenon

StrAlx-7247: Alexander rewards the old man and gives him leave. He changes his entire character and behavior, refrains from warfare, and lives modestly for the rest of his life (12 years).

Motif References:

P 12.14 Modesty of king

StrAlx-7271: Alexander dies from the aftermaths of a poisoning attack (his head splits). The only thing he calls his own after his death are seven feet of earth...

Motif References:

P 16.0.1 (Bm) Regicide
S 111 Murder by poisoning
L 410.1 Proud king humbled

Romances of Antiquity

Straßburger Alexander (1170) Kinzel, K. (ed.): Pfaffe Lamprecht, Alexander. Halle/Saale 1884.

Straßburger Alexander (1170)
Kinzel, K. (ed.): Pfaffe Lamprecht, Alexander. Halle/Saale 1884.